Question 1

If Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is met,what is the net effect?

Accepted Answer

A) Evolution leading to a population better adapted to an unchanging environment 
B) Evolution leading to a population better adapted to a changing environment 
C) Very slow and continuous evolution with no increased adaptation 
D) No evolution because the allele frequencies in the population remain the same from generation to generation 
A) Evolution leading to a population better adapted to an unchanging environment 
B) Evolution leading to a population better adapted to a changing environment 
C) Very slow and continuous evolution with no increased adaptation 
D) No evolution because the allele frequencies in the population remain the same from generation to generation

Question 2

The work of Peter Williamson on freshwater snails in Lake Turkana showed

Accepted Answer

A) perfectly interconnected and gradual change in species due to the uniform environment over time. 
B) an abrupt radiation of species in all directions that can be used to support both gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. 
C) thick deposits of unchanged snails and brief periods of rapid change,supporting gradual adaptive radiation. 
D) thick deposits of unchanged snails and brief periods of rapid change,supporting the evolutionary model of punctuated equilibrium. 
A) perfectly interconnected and gradual change in species due to the uniform environment over time. 
B) an abrupt radiation of species in all directions that can be used to support both gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. 
C) thick deposits of unchanged snails and brief periods of rapid change,supporting gradual adaptive radiation. 
D) thick deposits of unchanged snails and brief periods of rapid change,supporting the evolutionary model of punctuated equilibrium.

Question 3

Sibling species are represented by

Accepted Answer

A) two species that look very much alike but are actually distantly related. 
B) offspring that have the same parents but can no longer interbreed. 
C) the two halves of a population that have been split by a vicariant event but could still interbreed if sympatric. 
D) species that appear essentially identical in phenotype but have evolved differences in behavior or chemistry that prevent mating. 
E) a collection of specimens that are similar but have not yet undergone any test of interbreeding to determine if they are truly separate species. 
A) two species that look very much alike but are actually distantly related. 
B) offspring that have the same parents but can no longer interbreed. 
C) the two halves of a population that have been split by a vicariant event but could still interbreed if sympatric. 
D) species that appear essentially identical in phenotype but have evolved differences in behavior or chemistry that prevent mating. 
E) a collection of specimens that are similar but have not yet undergone any test of interbreeding to determine if they are truly separate species.

Question 4

Speciation that results from evolution of reproductive barriers between geographically separated populations is called ___________ speciation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Speciation that results from evolution of reproductive...

Question 5

The evolution of the horse shows what evolutionary trend(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) The number of structures always increases;therefore complexity always increases. 
B) Extinctions are often accompanied by the development of new species. 
C) Animals always evolve from gentle grazers toward more vicious omnivores and carnivores. 
D) Variations randomly drift from large to small,toward and away from grinding teeth,and to more or fewer toes,proving that evolution is indeed random. 
A) The number of structures always increases;therefore complexity always increases. 
B) Extinctions are often accompanied by the development of new species. 
C) Animals always evolve from gentle grazers toward more vicious omnivores and carnivores. 
D) Variations randomly drift from large to small,toward and away from grinding teeth,and to more or fewer toes,proving that evolution is indeed random.

Question 6

Compare the ideas of phenotypic gradualism with those of punctuated equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

Phenotypic gradualism and punctuated equ

Question 7

Darwin's theory of natural selection to explain evolution is considered _____ because it _____.

Accepted Answer

A) variational;involves descent with selection among varieties 
B) variational;explains the variations of fossils 
C) transformational;claims individuals can change their characteristics to produce evolution 
D) transformational;involves descent with selection among varieties 
A) variational;involves descent with selection among varieties 
B) variational;explains the variations of fossils 
C) transformational;claims individuals can change their characteristics to produce evolution 
D) transformational;involves descent with selection among varieties

Question 8

Which of the following constitute post-mating barrier(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) The sperm does not penetrate the egg 
B) The chromosome numbers of sperm and egg do not match after fertilization 
C) The offspring are sterile 
D) An egg is fertilized but development is impaired 
E) All of the choices are post-mating barriers 
A) The sperm does not penetrate the egg 
B) The chromosome numbers of sperm and egg do not match after fertilization 
C) The offspring are sterile 
D) An egg is fertilized but development is impaired 
E) All of the choices are post-mating barriers

Question 9

What is the most accurate comparison presented?

Accepted Answer

A) The Galápagos Islands are relatively uniform while the mainland is highly diverse. 
B) The Galápagos Islands and the mainland are essentially identical habitats which makes it an excellent "controlled" experiment. 
C) The Galápagos Islands are relatively newly formed and also fragmented into diverse habitats. 
D) The Galápagos Islands were,until recently,connected by land bridges forming one unified habitat. 
A) The Galápagos Islands are relatively uniform while the mainland is highly diverse. 
B) The Galápagos Islands and the mainland are essentially identical habitats which makes it an excellent "controlled" experiment. 
C) The Galápagos Islands are relatively newly formed and also fragmented into diverse habitats. 
D) The Galápagos Islands were,until recently,connected by land bridges forming one unified habitat.

Question 10

Which of the statements is true of the fossil record?

Accepted Answer

A) All of the stratified layers will be found anywhere a core sample is taken,except for human destruction. 
B) Provided there is no uplifting,tilt,etc. ,the deeper the layer,the more recently it was laid down. 
C) Once fossils are formed in a sedimentary layer,they are then protected from temperature and heat. 
D) Fossil assemblages are important in identifying sedimentary layers and different layers have different assemblages of fossils. 
A) All of the stratified layers will be found anywhere a core sample is taken,except for human destruction. 
B) Provided there is no uplifting,tilt,etc. ,the deeper the layer,the more recently it was laid down. 
C) Once fossils are formed in a sedimentary layer,they are then protected from temperature and heat. 
D) Fossil assemblages are important in identifying sedimentary layers and different layers have different assemblages of fossils.

Question 11

Which of the following is required for natural selection to occur in a population?

Accepted Answer

A) Variation in the population 
B) Inheritance of genetic variation 
C) Differential reproduction so that more fit individuals produce more offspring 
D) Accumulation of adaptive traits so that they increase in the population 
E) All of the choices are correct 
A) Variation in the population 
B) Inheritance of genetic variation 
C) Differential reproduction so that more fit individuals produce more offspring 
D) Accumulation of adaptive traits so that they increase in the population 
E) All of the choices are correct

Question 12

Lamarck's theory explaining evolution is considered ______ because it ______.

Accepted Answer

A) variational;involves descent with selection among varieties 
B) variational;explains the variations of fossils 
C) transformational;claims individuals can change their characteristics to produce evolution 
D) transformational;involves descent with selection among varieties 
A) variational;involves descent with selection among varieties 
B) variational;explains the variations of fossils 
C) transformational;claims individuals can change their characteristics to produce evolution 
D) transformational;involves descent with selection among varieties

Question 13

The main accomplishment of Modern Darwinism (The Synthetic Theory)was

Accepted Answer

A) to select a new set of scientists to take up the evolution argument after the death of Darwin and Huxley. 
B) the frantic search for answers to the creationist challenge of the early 1900s. 
C) the application of new discoveries in genetics,classification,biogeography,paleontology,etc.to Darwin's basic tenets,and which tied these fields together in a new framework. 
D) to split Darwin's ideas into small details (microevolution)and larger concepts (macroevolution). 
A) to select a new set of scientists to take up the evolution argument after the death of Darwin and Huxley. 
B) the frantic search for answers to the creationist challenge of the early 1900s. 
C) the application of new discoveries in genetics,classification,biogeography,paleontology,etc.to Darwin's basic tenets,and which tied these fields together in a new framework. 
D) to split Darwin's ideas into small details (microevolution)and larger concepts (macroevolution).

Question 14

Based on the text's coverage of the many factors in micro- and macroevolution,you can conclude that the rate of evolution progresses at

Accepted Answer

A) a fairly constant rate and would produce the same outcome if "rerun." 
B) an uneven rate but would produce the same outcome if "rerun." 
C) a fairly constant rate but would produce different outcomes if "rerun." 
D) an uneven rate and would produce different outcomes if "rerun." 
A) a fairly constant rate and would produce the same outcome if "rerun." 
B) an uneven rate but would produce the same outcome if "rerun." 
C) a fairly constant rate but would produce different outcomes if "rerun." 
D) an uneven rate and would produce different outcomes if "rerun."

Question 15

Cutting off the legs of toads over several generations should cause the legs of their offspring to become shorter,according to the ideas of which of these scientists?

Accepted Answer

A) Darwin 
B) Lamarck 
C) Mayr 
D) Lyell 
A) Darwin 
B) Lamarck 
C) Mayr 
D) Lyell

Question 16

A population of salamanders live along the edge of a north-south mountain range.The populations from the east and west slope eventually join in a low northern pass and interbreed,producing fertile offspring,but they do not circle around the southern edge because of a desert barrier.When glaciers move southward,the populations are pushed south of the northern pass and are isolated.While isolated,the two populations develop enough differences over time that when the glaciers retreat north and the salamanders again share the same pass,they no longer mate at the same time,nor can they produce fertile offspring.These salamanders

Accepted Answer

A) began as one species and therefore remain one species. 
B) were originally two species and remain two species. 
C) were originally one species but are now two species. 
D) cannot be categorized as a specific number of species from the information given. 
A) began as one species and therefore remain one species. 
B) were originally two species and remain two species. 
C) were originally one species but are now two species. 
D) cannot be categorized as a specific number of species from the information given.

Question 17

When we compare amino acid differences to estimate the evolutionary "distance" between organisms,what assumptions are being made about the rate at which mutations occur over time?

Accepted Answer

When comparing amino acid differences to

Question 18

On the Galápagos Islands,the tool-using woodpecker finches modify twigs to pry out grubs.With no true woodpeckers on the Galápagos Islands,this behavior allows it to exploit an untapped food source.However,not all members of this species exhibit this behavior which is learned from watching other finches.Therefore,

Accepted Answer

A) hatchlings will not know how to do this. 
B) it is probably not "hardwired" in the brain as a behavior passed on genetically. 
C) there must be a great advantage to reaching this food source for this learned behavior to be repeated by most descendants of each generation. 
D) as an acquired characteristic,in a strict sense this may not be part of the adaptive radiation of finches on the Galápagos. 
E) all of the choices are correct. 
A) hatchlings will not know how to do this. 
B) it is probably not "hardwired" in the brain as a behavior passed on genetically. 
C) there must be a great advantage to reaching this food source for this learned behavior to be repeated by most descendants of each generation. 
D) as an acquired characteristic,in a strict sense this may not be part of the adaptive radiation of finches on the Galápagos. 
E) all of the choices are correct.

Question 19

Which of the following is a (are)true fossil(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) The remains of an actual insect in amber or the tissue of a frozen extinct mammoth 
B) Skeletal parts where bones have been replaced by minerals 
C) Molds,casts,or impressions 
D) Fossilized excrements (coprolites) 
E) All of the choices are technically fossils 
A) The remains of an actual insect in amber or the tissue of a frozen extinct mammoth 
B) Skeletal parts where bones have been replaced by minerals 
C) Molds,casts,or impressions 
D) Fossilized excrements (coprolites) 
E) All of the choices are technically fossils

Question 20

The essential difference between vicariant speciation versus a founder event is that

Accepted Answer

A) vicariance involves splitting while a founder effect is fusing of two populations. 
B) the founder effect is the reverse of vicariant speciation. 
C) although a population is split by a vicariant event,the population size and environment does not alter gene frequencies as does a founder event. 
D) although a population is split by a founder event,the population size and environment does not alter gene frequencies as does a vicariant event. 
A) vicariance involves splitting while a founder effect is fusing of two populations. 
B) the founder effect is the reverse of vicariant speciation. 
C) although a population is split by a vicariant event,the population size and environment does not alter gene frequencies as does a founder event. 
D) although a population is split by a founder event,the population size and environment does not alter gene frequencies as does a vicariant event.

Exam 6: Organic Evolution

If Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is met,what is the net effect?

The work of Peter Williamson on freshwater snails in Lake Turkana showed

Sibling species are represented by

Speciation that results from evolution of reproductive barriers between geographically separated populations is called ___________ speciation.

The evolution of the horse shows what evolutionary trend(s)?

Compare the ideas of phenotypic gradualism with those of punctuated equilibrium.

Darwin's theory of natural selection to explain evolution is considered _____ because it _____.

Which of the following constitute post-mating barrier(s)?

What is the most accurate comparison presented?

Which of the statements is true of the fossil record?

Which of the following is required for natural selection to occur in a population?

Lamarck's theory explaining evolution is considered ______ because it ______.

The main accomplishment of Modern Darwinism (The Synthetic Theory)was

Based on the text's coverage of the many factors in micro- and macroevolution,you can conclude that the rate of evolution progresses at

Cutting off the legs of toads over several generations should cause the legs of their offspring to become shorter,according to the ideas of which of these scientists?

When we compare amino acid differences to estimate the evolutionary "distance" between organisms,what assumptions are being made about the rate at which mutations occur over time?

Which of the following is a (are)true fossil(s)?

The essential difference between vicariant speciation versus a founder event is that

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectual Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Cnidarians and Ctenophores

Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Hexapods

Chaetognaths, echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, Protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distribution

Animal Ecology

Filters

Darwin's theory of natural selection to explain evolution is considered _ because it _.

Lamarck's theory explaining evolution is considered because it .