Question 1

This chapter's description of the San Bushmen's relation to the government of Botswana is a telling example of how

Accepted Answer

A)  foragers are willingly choosing to change their lifestyles and become a part of the global village. 
B)  foraging communities' identities are being reshaped by their relation with NGOs. 
C)  the foraging lifestyle has finally become a thing of the past. 
D)  more and more foragers have come under the control of nation-states and are now influenced by the forces of globalization. 
E)  human rights are limited. 
A)  foragers are willingly choosing to change their lifestyles and become a part of the global village. 
B)  foraging communities' identities are being reshaped by their relation with NGOs. 
C)  the foraging lifestyle has finally become a thing of the past. 
D)  more and more foragers have come under the control of nation-states and are now influenced by the forces of globalization. 
E)  human rights are limited.

Question 2

In transhumant societies, the entire group moves with their animals throughout the year.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Despite differences arising from environmental variation, all foraging economies have shared one essential feature, their

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasis on devising new forms of organic pesticides. 
B)  reliance on welfare supplied by state-level societies. 
C)  willingness to test out new food-producing technologies to see if they are any better than what they are used to. 
D)  interest in developing irrigation technologies to control sources of water. 
E)  reliance on available natural resources for their subsistence, rather than controlling the reproduction of plants and animals. 
A)  emphasis on devising new forms of organic pesticides. 
B)  reliance on welfare supplied by state-level societies. 
C)  willingness to test out new food-producing technologies to see if they are any better than what they are used to. 
D)  interest in developing irrigation technologies to control sources of water. 
E)  reliance on available natural resources for their subsistence, rather than controlling the reproduction of plants and animals.

Question 4

Which of the following was a characteristic shared by recent foraging communities?

Accepted Answer

A)  They fished a great deal. 
B)  They relied on welfare supplied by state-level societies. 
C)  They spoke simplified languages. 
D)  They lived in marginal environments that were of little interest to food-producing societies. 
E)  They devolved to foraging from a more advanced level of subsistence. 
A)  They fished a great deal. 
B)  They relied on welfare supplied by state-level societies. 
C)  They spoke simplified languages. 
D)  They lived in marginal environments that were of little interest to food-producing societies. 
E)  They devolved to foraging from a more advanced level of subsistence.

Question 5

In order to intensify production, agriculturalists frequently build irrigation canals and terraces.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What are the basic differences and similarities between horticultural and foraging populations? Indicate reasons for the contrasts.

Accepted Answer

Horticultural and foraging populations h

Question 7

What is a mode of production?

Accepted Answer

A)  a postindustrial adaptive strategy, such as commercial agriculture or international mercantilism 
B)  the land, labor, technology, and capital of production 
C)  the way a society's social relations are organized to produce the labor necessary for generating the society's subsistence and energy needs 
D)  whether a society is foraging, horticulturalist, or agriculturalist 
E)  the cultural aspect of any given economy, such as changing fashions in the textile and clothing industry 
A)  a postindustrial adaptive strategy, such as commercial agriculture or international mercantilism 
B)  the land, labor, technology, and capital of production 
C)  the way a society's social relations are organized to produce the labor necessary for generating the society's subsistence and energy needs 
D)  whether a society is foraging, horticulturalist, or agriculturalist 
E)  the cultural aspect of any given economy, such as changing fashions in the textile and clothing industry

Question 8

Intensive agriculture

Accepted Answer

A)  has a significant impact on the environment, but this impact is very localized and can be controlled. 
B)  can actually breed greater ecological diversity. 
C)  is not ecologically destructive when it is done with fuel-efficient machinery. 
D)  has significant environmental effects such as deforestation, water pollution, and reduction of ecological diversity. 
E)  is an ecological improvement over sectorial fallowing. 
A)  has a significant impact on the environment, but this impact is very localized and can be controlled. 
B)  can actually breed greater ecological diversity. 
C)  is not ecologically destructive when it is done with fuel-efficient machinery. 
D)  has significant environmental effects such as deforestation, water pollution, and reduction of ecological diversity. 
E)  is an ecological improvement over sectorial fallowing.

Question 9

Throughout the many years that Kottak has been doing research among the nonindustrial Betsileo of Madagascar, he has witnessed the impact of globalization on their livelihood. All of the following have threatened the traditional fabric of Betsileo life EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  agricultural intensification caused by population pressure. 
B)  the breakdown of social and political order, fueled by an increasing demand for cash. 
C)  the growing threat of cattle thieves, some of them relatively well-educated young men looking to make some cash. 
D)  the increased presence of anthropologists collaborating with local leaders to preserve their ancestral lands. 
E)  emigration. 
A)  agricultural intensification caused by population pressure. 
B)  the breakdown of social and political order, fueled by an increasing demand for cash. 
C)  the growing threat of cattle thieves, some of them relatively well-educated young men looking to make some cash. 
D)  the increased presence of anthropologists collaborating with local leaders to preserve their ancestral lands. 
E)  emigration.

Question 10

How does economic anthropology differ from classical economics? In what ways can economic anthropology serve as a safeguard against ethnocentrism?

Accepted Answer

Economic anthropology and classical econ

Question 11

Do people in all societies maximize material benefits? If not, what other things could be maximized to help explain their motives in everyday life? Do anthropologists believe that the profit maximization motive is a universal? What do you think? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

No, people in all societies do not neces

Question 12

Imagine a foraging society that operates largely according to principles of generalized reciprocity, just prior to being colonized. Now defend the following statement: "Capitalism is not just an economic system, it is also a cultural system."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine a foraging society that operates largely...

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT associated with the market principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  the profit motive 
B)  the law of supply and demand 
C)  impersonal economic relations 
D)  industrialism 
E)  kin-based generalized reciprocity 
A)  the profit motive 
B)  the law of supply and demand 
C)  impersonal economic relations 
D)  industrialism 
E)  kin-based generalized reciprocity

Question 14

Anthropological analysis of potlatching contradicts the classic economics assumption that individuals are, by nature, profit maximizers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Foragers typically live in mobile bands that disperse in the dry season and aggregate in the rainy season.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Why do slash-and-burn cultivators stop using a plot of land every two to three years?

Accepted Answer

A)  They burn so much wood that the air becomes too polluted to support a healthful existence. 
B)  Slash-and-burn cultivation is unique to segmentary-lineage organized societies, and crop rotation follows the cycle of interlineage exchange. 
C)  Slash-and-burn cultivation is associated with big-game hunting, which requires regular movement so as not to deplete the animal population. 
D)  Slash-and-burn cultivators use relatively primitive irrigation systems, which have to be repaired every three to four years. 
E)  They do not use fertilizer; thus, their crops exhaust the soil quickly. 
A)  They burn so much wood that the air becomes too polluted to support a healthful existence. 
B)  Slash-and-burn cultivation is unique to segmentary-lineage organized societies, and crop rotation follows the cycle of interlineage exchange. 
C)  Slash-and-burn cultivation is associated with big-game hunting, which requires regular movement so as not to deplete the animal population. 
D)  Slash-and-burn cultivators use relatively primitive irrigation systems, which have to be repaired every three to four years. 
E)  They do not use fertilizer; thus, their crops exhaust the soil quickly.

Question 17

With generalized reciprocity, the individuals participating in the exchange usually do not know the other person prior to the exchange.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What kinds of societies typically are associated with slash-and-burn cultivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  foraging societies 
B)  state-level societies 
C)  hydraulic societies 
D)  nonindustrial societies 
E)  nomadic societies 
A)  foraging societies 
B)  state-level societies 
C)  hydraulic societies 
D)  nonindustrial societies 
E)  nomadic societies

Question 19

Which of the following statements about shifting cultivation is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is typically associated with the use of draft animals. 
B)  It cannot support permanent villages. 
C)  It requires irrigation. 
D)  It requires cultivators to change plots of land, with the fallowing durations varying in different societies. 
E)  It relies extensively on chemical fertilizers. 
A)  It is typically associated with the use of draft animals. 
B)  It cannot support permanent villages. 
C)  It requires irrigation. 
D)  It requires cultivators to change plots of land, with the fallowing durations varying in different societies. 
E)  It relies extensively on chemical fertilizers.

Question 20

Who are peasants?

Accepted Answer

A)  people who ignore social norms of behavior 
B)  small farmers who own their own land and sell all their crops to buy necessities 
C)  rural people who produce food for their own subsistence but also sell their surpluses 
D)  anyone who lives in the country 
E)  anyone who falls below the poverty line 
A)  people who ignore social norms of behavior 
B)  small farmers who own their own land and sell all their crops to buy necessities 
C)  rural people who produce food for their own subsistence but also sell their surpluses 
D)  anyone who lives in the country 
E)  anyone who falls below the poverty line

Exam 16: Making a Living

This chapter's description of the San Bushmen's relation to the government of Botswana is a telling example of how

In transhumant societies, the entire group moves with their animals throughout the year.

Despite differences arising from environmental variation, all foraging economies have shared one essential feature, their

Which of the following was a characteristic shared by recent foraging communities?

In order to intensify production, agriculturalists frequently build irrigation canals and terraces.

What are the basic differences and similarities between horticultural and foraging populations? Indicate reasons for the contrasts.

What is a mode of production?

Intensive agriculture

Throughout the many years that Kottak has been doing research among the nonindustrial Betsileo of Madagascar, he has witnessed the impact of globalization on their livelihood. All of the following have threatened the traditional fabric of Betsileo life EXCEPT

How does economic anthropology differ from classical economics? In what ways can economic anthropology serve as a safeguard against ethnocentrism?

Do people in all societies maximize material benefits? If not, what other things could be maximized to help explain their motives in everyday life? Do anthropologists believe that the profit maximization motive is a universal? What do you think? Explain your answer.

Imagine a foraging society that operates largely according to principles of generalized reciprocity, just prior to being colonized. Now defend the following statement: "Capitalism is not just an economic system, it is also a cultural system."

Which of the following is NOT associated with the market principle?

Anthropological analysis of potlatching contradicts the classic economics assumption that individuals are, by nature, profit maximizers.

Foragers typically live in mobile bands that disperse in the dry season and aggregate in the rainy season.

Why do slash-and-burn cultivators stop using a plot of land every two to three years?

With generalized reciprocity, the individuals participating in the exchange usually do not know the other person prior to the exchange.

What kinds of societies typically are associated with slash-and-burn cultivation?

Which of the following statements about shifting cultivation is true?

Who are peasants?

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Applying Anthropology

Doing Archaeology and Biological Anthropology

Evolution and Genetics

Human Variation and Adaptation

The Primates

Early Hominins

Archaic Homo

The Origin and Spread of Modern Humans

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

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