Question 1

This chapter's "Focus on Globalization" section discusses economic globalization. Which of the following is an outcome of our 21st-century global economy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Modern-day transnational finance has shifted economic control of local life to outsiders. 
B)  Economic functions are now locally controlled. 
C)  Foreigners now finance only a small percentage of the U.S. national debt. 
D)  American companies are withdrawing from foreign markets. 
E)  With increasing globalization there is increased face-to-face contact in economic transactions. 
A)  Modern-day transnational finance has shifted economic control of local life to outsiders. 
B)  Economic functions are now locally controlled. 
C)  Foreigners now finance only a small percentage of the U.S. national debt. 
D)  American companies are withdrawing from foreign markets. 
E)  With increasing globalization there is increased face-to-face contact in economic transactions.

Question 2

Economic anthropologists have been concerned with two main questions, one focusing on systems of human behavior and the other on the individuals who participate in those systems. The first question is: How are production, distribution, and consumption organized in different societies? The second question is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Why has the myth of the profit-maximizing individual been so pervasive, despite evidence to the contrary? 
B)  What are the best ways to convince individuals in funding agencies of the value of ethnographic knowledge in the realm of economics? 
C)  What encourages overconsumption in Western economies? 
D)  What motivates people in different cultures to produce, distribute or exchange, and consume? 
E)  What has been the impact of globalization at the level of individuals? 
A)  Why has the myth of the profit-maximizing individual been so pervasive, despite evidence to the contrary? 
B)  What are the best ways to convince individuals in funding agencies of the value of ethnographic knowledge in the realm of economics? 
C)  What encourages overconsumption in Western economies? 
D)  What motivates people in different cultures to produce, distribute or exchange, and consume? 
E)  What has been the impact of globalization at the level of individuals?

Question 3

Unlike in industrial societies, where economic alienation is common, in nonindustrial societies,

Accepted Answer

A)  alienation is pervasive. 
B)  alienation is suffered only among the poorer classes. 
C)  social relations are embedded in all relations except the economic ones. 
D)  the relations of production, distribution, and consumption are social relations with economic aspects. 
E)  alienation is an ascribed status. 
A)  alienation is pervasive. 
B)  alienation is suffered only among the poorer classes. 
C)  social relations are embedded in all relations except the economic ones. 
D)  the relations of production, distribution, and consumption are social relations with economic aspects. 
E)  alienation is an ascribed status.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about irrigation is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irrigated fields typically increase in value through time. 
B)  Irrigation is one of the defining characteristics of foraging societies. 
C)  Irrigation usually enriches the soil. 
D)  The Betsileo of Madagascar used irrigation intensively. 
E)  Irrigation fields are labor intensive compared to swidden (burned over) fields. 
A)  Irrigated fields typically increase in value through time. 
B)  Irrigation is one of the defining characteristics of foraging societies. 
C)  Irrigation usually enriches the soil. 
D)  The Betsileo of Madagascar used irrigation intensively. 
E)  Irrigation fields are labor intensive compared to swidden (burned over) fields.

Question 5

Anthropologists often say that in nonindustrial societies, economic relationships are embedded in social relationships. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

This means that in nonindustrial societi

Question 6

Which of the following statements about potlatching is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potlatching is an example of competitive feasting. 
B)  Potlatching was misinterpreted as a classical case of economically wasteful behavior. 
C)  Potlatching is a form of exchange that has long-term adaptive value. 
D)  Potlatching is a case that proves that the profit-maximizing motive is a human universal. 
E)  Potlatching is well documented among Native American communities of the North Pacific Coast of North America. 
A)  Potlatching is an example of competitive feasting. 
B)  Potlatching was misinterpreted as a classical case of economically wasteful behavior. 
C)  Potlatching is a form of exchange that has long-term adaptive value. 
D)  Potlatching is a case that proves that the profit-maximizing motive is a human universal. 
E)  Potlatching is well documented among Native American communities of the North Pacific Coast of North America.

Question 7

List the first four of Cohen's adaptive strategies and summarize the key features of each. What are the correlated variables for each strategy?

Accepted Answer

Cohen's adaptive strategies are a set of

Question 8

In most foraging societies, private ownership of bounded land was almost nonexistent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

We should not view contemporary foragers as isolated or pristine survivors of the Stone Age. Why? What is the evidence to suggest this?

Accepted Answer

Contemporary foragers should not be view

Question 10

In recent times, many foraging groups have been exposed to the idea of food production but have never adopted it. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  They did not have the skills or tools to do so. 
B)  Their own economies provided a perfectly adequate and nutritious diet, with a lot less work. 
C)  People naturally resist change, especially foragers. 
D)  They had to ask permission from the state to do so. 
E)  They did not realize the advantages of food production. 
A)  They did not have the skills or tools to do so. 
B)  Their own economies provided a perfectly adequate and nutritious diet, with a lot less work. 
C)  People naturally resist change, especially foragers. 
D)  They had to ask permission from the state to do so. 
E)  They did not realize the advantages of food production.

Question 11

What are the means, or factors, of production?

Accepted Answer

A)  synonyms of a society's mode of production 
B)  a society's institutional mechanisms for making sure that everyone is productive 
C)  the ways a society organizes production 
D)  labor forces organized by kinship ties 
E)  a society's major productive resources, such as land and other natural resources, labor, technology, and capital 
A)  synonyms of a society's mode of production 
B)  a society's institutional mechanisms for making sure that everyone is productive 
C)  the ways a society organizes production 
D)  labor forces organized by kinship ties 
E)  a society's major productive resources, such as land and other natural resources, labor, technology, and capital

Question 12

What is industrial alienation? What kinds of activities are most likely to be associated with alienation? What activities in our own society are most alienating? Which are least so?

Accepted Answer

Industrial alienation refers to the feel

Question 13

The market principle dominates economic activities in band-level foraging societies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

How is a rent fund different from a subsistence fund? Cite examples to clarify your argument.

Accepted Answer

A rent fund and a subsistence fund are t

Question 15

A horticultural system of cultivation is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  intensive use of land and human labor. 
B)  the use of irrigation and terracing. 
C)  developing almost exclusively in arid areas. 
D)  lack of proper knowledge about plant domestication. 
E)  periodic cycles of cultivation and fallowing. 
A)  intensive use of land and human labor. 
B)  the use of irrigation and terracing. 
C)  developing almost exclusively in arid areas. 
D)  lack of proper knowledge about plant domestication. 
E)  periodic cycles of cultivation and fallowing.

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of most foraging societies?

Accepted Answer

A)  social stratification 
B)  sedentism 
C)  egalitarianism 
D)  irrigation 
E)  large populations 
A)  social stratification 
B)  sedentism 
C)  egalitarianism 
D)  irrigation 
E)  large populations

Question 17

Pastoralists are specialized herders whose subsistence strategies are focused on domesticated animals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Most contemporary foragers live in remote areas, completely cut off from contact with other modern, agricultural, and industrial communities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following does NOT occur in moving along the cultivation continuum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Population density increases. 
B)  Societies become more egalitarian. 
C)  Village size increases. 
D)  Villages are located closer together. 
E)  Land is used more intensively. 
A)  Population density increases. 
B)  Societies become more egalitarian. 
C)  Village size increases. 
D)  Villages are located closer together. 
E)  Land is used more intensively.

Question 20

Domesticated animals, more specifically their manure and pulling capabilities, are key components of horticulture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Making a Living

This chapter's "Focus on Globalization" section discusses economic globalization. Which of the following is an outcome of our 21st-century global economy?

Unlike in industrial societies, where economic alienation is common, in nonindustrial societies,

Which of the following statements about irrigation is NOT true?

Anthropologists often say that in nonindustrial societies, economic relationships are embedded in social relationships. What does this mean?

Which of the following statements about potlatching is NOT true?

List the first four of Cohen's adaptive strategies and summarize the key features of each. What are the correlated variables for each strategy?

In most foraging societies, private ownership of bounded land was almost nonexistent.

We should not view contemporary foragers as isolated or pristine survivors of the Stone Age. Why? What is the evidence to suggest this?

In recent times, many foraging groups have been exposed to the idea of food production but have never adopted it. Why?

What are the means, or factors, of production?

What is industrial alienation? What kinds of activities are most likely to be associated with alienation? What activities in our own society are most alienating? Which are least so?

The market principle dominates economic activities in band-level foraging societies.

How is a rent fund different from a subsistence fund? Cite examples to clarify your argument.

A horticultural system of cultivation is characterized by

Which of the following is a characteristic of most foraging societies?

Pastoralists are specialized herders whose subsistence strategies are focused on domesticated animals.

Most contemporary foragers live in remote areas, completely cut off from contact with other modern, agricultural, and industrial communities.

Which of the following does NOT occur in moving along the cultivation continuum?

Domesticated animals, more specifically their manure and pulling capabilities, are key components of horticulture.

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Applying Anthropology

Doing Archaeology and Biological Anthropology

Evolution and Genetics

Human Variation and Adaptation

The Primates

Early Hominins

Archaic Homo

The Origin and Spread of Modern Humans

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters

This chapter's "Focus on Globalization" section discusses economic globalization. Which of the following is an outcome of our 21^st-century global economy?