Question 1

The cargo cults of Melanesia functioned to integrate Melanesians and set the stage for the formation of political parties and economic interest groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

According to Edward Tylor, religion evolved from polytheism to animism to monotheism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Fundamentalists are correct in seeing a rise in secularism in contemporary North America.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Religion and magic don't just explain things and help people accomplish goals-they also enter the realm of human feelings. In other words,

Accepted Answer

A)  they serve emotional needs as well as cognitive (i.e., explanatory) ones. 
B)  religion helps reduce differences by promoting brotherly love. 
C)  they determine the emotional well-being of all their practitioners. 
D)  they often lead to extreme psychological disruption and even mental illness. 
E)  they are psychologically and cognitively relevant, but these realms are well contained and have no effect beyond the mental well-being of the practitioner. 
A)  they serve emotional needs as well as cognitive (i.e., explanatory) ones. 
B)  religion helps reduce differences by promoting brotherly love. 
C)  they determine the emotional well-being of all their practitioners. 
D)  they often lead to extreme psychological disruption and even mental illness. 
E)  they are psychologically and cognitively relevant, but these realms are well contained and have no effect beyond the mental well-being of the practitioner.

Question 5

Discuss two cases of religion's role in social change.

Accepted Answer

One case of religion's role in social ch

Question 6

What term refers to a custom or social action that operates to reduce differences in wealth and bring standouts in line with community norms?

Accepted Answer

A)  rite of passage 
B)  revitalization movement 
C)  syncretism 
D)  taboo 
E)  leveling mechanism 
A)  rite of passage 
B)  revitalization movement 
C)  syncretism 
D)  taboo 
E)  leveling mechanism

Question 7

Marvin Harris's (1974, 1978) studies of how beliefs and rituals may function as part of a group's cultural adaptation to its environment are an illustration of

Accepted Answer

A)  how religion can play a prominent role in cultural ecology. 
B)  the dangers that religious effervescence can pose to the environment if it is not contained. 
C)  how nonhuman primates also have a capacity for religion, although it is very limited. 
D)  the dangers of extending the realm of religion to nature. 
E)  the fact that religion is evolutionarily adaptive. 
A)  how religion can play a prominent role in cultural ecology. 
B)  the dangers that religious effervescence can pose to the environment if it is not contained. 
C)  how nonhuman primates also have a capacity for religion, although it is very limited. 
D)  the dangers of extending the realm of religion to nature. 
E)  the fact that religion is evolutionarily adaptive.

Question 8

Contrast ritual behavior with ordinary behavior. Give examples of religious and secular rituals. What are the main differences between such kinds of rituals?

Accepted Answer

Ritual behavior can be contrasted with o

Question 9

Antimodernism describes a rejection of the modern in favor of what is perceived as an earlier, purer, better way of life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Émile Durkheim, an early scholar of religion, stressed what he termed religious effervescence. Anthropologists too have stressed

Accepted Answer

A)  that proper analysis requires separation of collective re-creation from collective religion. 
B)  the collective, shared, and enacted nature of religion, the emotions it generates, and the meanings it embodies. 
C)  the analysis of the use of behavior-altering drugs in religious experience. 
D)  the collective as well as individual universality of religion. 
E)  the qualities that make religion present in some societies but not others. 
A)  that proper analysis requires separation of collective re-creation from collective religion. 
B)  the collective, shared, and enacted nature of religion, the emotions it generates, and the meanings it embodies. 
C)  the analysis of the use of behavior-altering drugs in religious experience. 
D)  the collective as well as individual universality of religion. 
E)  the qualities that make religion present in some societies but not others.

Question 11

What is communitas?

Accepted Answer

A)  a social inequality that is accepted even by those who are less privileged 
B)  a collective liminality 
C)  anxiety 
D)  the Latin word for mana 
E)  the supernatural 
A)  a social inequality that is accepted even by those who are less privileged 
B)  a collective liminality 
C)  anxiety 
D)  the Latin word for mana 
E)  the supernatural

Question 12

Which of the following is true about rites of passage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beliefs and rituals can, ironically, both diminish and create anxiety and a sense of insecurity and danger. 
B)  Despite their prevalence during the time that Victor Turner did his research, rites of passage have disappeared with the advent of modern life. 
C)  Participants in rites of passage only are tricked into believing that there was a big change in their lives. 
D)  Rites of passage only worsen the anxieties caused by other aspects of religion. 
E)  Rites of passage would be effective in diminishing anxiety and fear if they did not involve the liminal phase. 
A)  Beliefs and rituals can, ironically, both diminish and create anxiety and a sense of insecurity and danger. 
B)  Despite their prevalence during the time that Victor Turner did his research, rites of passage have disappeared with the advent of modern life. 
C)  Participants in rites of passage only are tricked into believing that there was a big change in their lives. 
D)  Rites of passage only worsen the anxieties caused by other aspects of religion. 
E)  Rites of passage would be effective in diminishing anxiety and fear if they did not involve the liminal phase.

Question 13

The Handsome Lake revitalization movement urged its followers to reaffirm the traditions of the Iroquois.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Like ethnicity and language, religion also is

Accepted Answer

A)  a social fiction. 
B)  a topic of research that distinguishes anthropology from other disciplines. 
C)  a phenomenon that illustrates the power of biology over culture. 
D)  a cultural generality. 
E)  associated with social divisions within and between societies and nations. 
A)  a social fiction. 
B)  a topic of research that distinguishes anthropology from other disciplines. 
C)  a phenomenon that illustrates the power of biology over culture. 
D)  a cultural generality. 
E)  associated with social divisions within and between societies and nations.

Question 15

Animism, polytheism, and monotheism are the

Accepted Answer

A)  three kinds of religion that exist in the world today. 
B)  stages of ritual, according to Victor Turner. 
C)  stages, according to Edward Tylor, through which religion evolved. 
D)  stages through which all present-day religions have passed. 
E)  names for the three psychological needs that all individuals have, thus explaining the universality of religion. 
A)  three kinds of religion that exist in the world today. 
B)  stages of ritual, according to Victor Turner. 
C)  stages, according to Edward Tylor, through which religion evolved. 
D)  stages through which all present-day religions have passed. 
E)  names for the three psychological needs that all individuals have, thus explaining the universality of religion.

Question 16

A major difference between rituals and plays is that the participants in rituals are performing in earnest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

By participating in a ritual, participants signal that they accept the common social and ethical order prescribed by their religion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

According to this chapter's "Focus on Globalization" section, Evangelical Protestantism is most explosive in "Global South" countries. Which of the following regions is NOT part of the Global South?

Accepted Answer

A)  Middle East and North Africa 
B)  sub-Saharan Africa 
C)  Japan 
D)  Latin America 
E)  Brazil 
A)  Middle East and North Africa 
B)  sub-Saharan Africa 
C)  Japan 
D)  Latin America 
E)  Brazil

Question 19

Religious fundamentalism is as old as religion itself.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Christianity is the world's largest religion, with some 2.1 billion adherents, followed by Islam, which has approximately 1.3 billion practitioners. Islam is the fastest-growing religion. This chapter's "Appreciating Diversity" segment examines how Islam has spread by adapting successfully to many national and cultural differences, including the presence of other religions that were already established in the areas to which Islam has spread. An important result of this process is that

Accepted Answer

A)  Islam is far from homogeneous-the faith reflects the increasingly diverse areas in which it is practiced. 
B)  unlike Christianity, Islam has the capacity to transform local culture profoundly. 
C)  Islam is growing at the expense of other beliefs and practices. 
D)  the separation of religion and state is disappearing in most places in the world. 
E)  the West is losing the culture war. 
A)  Islam is far from homogeneous-the faith reflects the increasingly diverse areas in which it is practiced. 
B)  unlike Christianity, Islam has the capacity to transform local culture profoundly. 
C)  Islam is growing at the expense of other beliefs and practices. 
D)  the separation of religion and state is disappearing in most places in the world. 
E)  the West is losing the culture war.

Exam 21: Religion

The cargo cults of Melanesia functioned to integrate Melanesians and set the stage for the formation of political parties and economic interest groups.

According to Edward Tylor, religion evolved from polytheism to animism to monotheism.

Fundamentalists are correct in seeing a rise in secularism in contemporary North America.

Religion and magic don't just explain things and help people accomplish goals-they also enter the realm of human feelings. In other words,

Discuss two cases of religion's role in social change.

What term refers to a custom or social action that operates to reduce differences in wealth and bring standouts in line with community norms?

Marvin Harris's (1974, 1978) studies of how beliefs and rituals may function as part of a group's cultural adaptation to its environment are an illustration of

Contrast ritual behavior with ordinary behavior. Give examples of religious and secular rituals. What are the main differences between such kinds of rituals?

Antimodernism describes a rejection of the modern in favor of what is perceived as an earlier, purer, better way of life.

Émile Durkheim, an early scholar of religion, stressed what he termed religious effervescence. Anthropologists too have stressed

What is communitas?

Which of the following is true about rites of passage?

The Handsome Lake revitalization movement urged its followers to reaffirm the traditions of the Iroquois.

Like ethnicity and language, religion also is

Animism, polytheism, and monotheism are the

A major difference between rituals and plays is that the participants in rituals are performing in earnest.

By participating in a ritual, participants signal that they accept the common social and ethical order prescribed by their religion.

According to this chapter's "Focus on Globalization" section, Evangelical Protestantism is most explosive in "Global South" countries. Which of the following regions is NOT part of the Global South?

Religious fundamentalism is as old as religion itself.

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Applying Anthropology

Doing Archaeology and Biological Anthropology

Evolution and Genetics

Human Variation and Adaptation

The Primates

Early Hominins

Archaic Homo

The Origin and Spread of Modern Humans

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Making a Living

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

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