Question 1

Food production was a critical step toward the broad-spectrum revolution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Which of the following was NOT domesticated in China?

Accepted Answer

A)  cassava 
B)  millet 
C)  chickens 
D)  the water buffalo 
E)  rice 
A)  cassava 
B)  millet 
C)  chickens 
D)  the water buffalo 
E)  rice A

Question 3

Compared to those of wild plants, the seeds of domesticated plants are larger and less likely to shatter and disperse.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Rice was domesticated in southern China.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is sedentism?

Accepted Answer

A)  life in permanent villages 
B)  living off domestic species 
C)  transhumance 
D)  a capitalist-based exchange 
E)  living off wild species 
A)  life in permanent villages 
B)  living off domestic species 
C)  transhumance 
D)  a capitalist-based exchange 
E)  living off wild species

Question 6

The independent domestication of the dog

Accepted Answer

A)  illustrates the strong human-animal bond that was an important adaptation during the time of early hominin evolution. 
B)  occurred only after a key mutation that turned dogs into more docile creatures. 
C)  worldwide ensured that all early states had strong enough animals to help plow fields. 
D)  was a worldwide phenomenon. 
E)  occurred only in the Eastern Hemisphere. 
A)  illustrates the strong human-animal bond that was an important adaptation during the time of early hominin evolution. 
B)  occurred only after a key mutation that turned dogs into more docile creatures. 
C)  worldwide ensured that all early states had strong enough animals to help plow fields. 
D)  was a worldwide phenomenon. 
E)  occurred only in the Eastern Hemisphere.

Question 7

In the Middle East, sedentism developed before plants and animals were domesticated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Anthropologists once thought that domestication would happen almost automatically once people gained sufficient knowledge of plants and animals and their reproductive habits to figure out how to make domestication work. They now know that

Accepted Answer

A)  they were correct, thanks to recently uncovered evidence in Chile. 
B)  aside from this knowledge, an emerging state is necessary for domestication to occur. 
C)  foragers have an excellent knowledge of plants and animals and their reproductive characteristics, so some other trigger is needed to start and sustain the process of domestication. 
D)  the will to overcome a lazy lifestyle is even more important than such knowledge. 
E)  aside from the knowledge, domestication requires the invention of the wheel. 
A)  they were correct, thanks to recently uncovered evidence in Chile. 
B)  aside from this knowledge, an emerging state is necessary for domestication to occur. 
C)  foragers have an excellent knowledge of plants and animals and their reproductive characteristics, so some other trigger is needed to start and sustain the process of domestication. 
D)  the will to overcome a lazy lifestyle is even more important than such knowledge. 
E)  aside from the knowledge, domestication requires the invention of the wheel.

Question 9

Most researchers today argue that the domestication of plants in the Middle East took place in the hilly flanks regions where wild plant ancestors naturally grew.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Corn, beans, and squash were the major crops to be domesticated in Mexico.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following was a consequence of domestication?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans had to work less than before to acquire food. 
B)  There was a decline in disease. 
C)  Sedentary life became more widespread. 
D)  There was an increase in dietary diversity. 
E)  There was a gradual decrease in population size. 
A)  Humans had to work less than before to acquire food. 
B)  There was a decline in disease. 
C)  Sedentary life became more widespread. 
D)  There was an increase in dietary diversity. 
E)  There was a gradual decrease in population size.

Question 12

What did Kent Flannery (1969) refer to with the term broad-spectrum revolution? The period

Accepted Answer

A)  The period in which Asia became the only place in the world with communities leading a sedentary life and engaging in food and animal domestication. 
B)  The period in which the first large states began to grow, although there was nothing revolutionary about it because this process occurred very gradually. 
C)  The period in which a wider range of tools was being fabricated, for both utilitarian and ritualistic purposes. 
D)  The period beginning around 15,000 B.P. in the Middle East and 12,000 B.P. in Europe, during which a wider range of plant and animal life was hunted, gathered, collected, caught, and fished. 
E)  The period between 20,000 B.P. and 10,000 B.P. when anatomically modern humans (AMHs) colonized the entire world, made possible by a smarter utilization of a wider range of environments. 
A)  The period in which Asia became the only place in the world with communities leading a sedentary life and engaging in food and animal domestication. 
B)  The period in which the first large states began to grow, although there was nothing revolutionary about it because this process occurred very gradually. 
C)  The period in which a wider range of tools was being fabricated, for both utilitarian and ritualistic purposes. 
D)  The period beginning around 15,000 B.P. in the Middle East and 12,000 B.P. in Europe, during which a wider range of plant and animal life was hunted, gathered, collected, caught, and fished. 
E)  The period between 20,000 B.P. and 10,000 B.P. when anatomically modern humans (AMHs) colonized the entire world, made possible by a smarter utilization of a wider range of environments.

Question 13

Middle Eastern food production arose in the context of four environmental zones. From highest altitude to lowest, they are

Accepted Answer

A)  high plateau, Natufian fields, Mesopotamia, and alluvial desert (the area watered by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers). 
B)  Zagros, piedmont steppe, hilly flanks, and alluvial plains. 
C)  high plateau, hilly flanks, piedmont steppe, and alluvial desert (the area watered by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers). 
D)  high zone, middle-high zone, middle-low zone, and low zone. 
E)  Ali Kosh, high plateau, Mesopotamia, and piedmont steppe. 
A)  high plateau, Natufian fields, Mesopotamia, and alluvial desert (the area watered by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers). 
B)  Zagros, piedmont steppe, hilly flanks, and alluvial plains. 
C)  high plateau, hilly flanks, piedmont steppe, and alluvial desert (the area watered by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers). 
D)  high zone, middle-high zone, middle-low zone, and low zone. 
E)  Ali Kosh, high plateau, Mesopotamia, and piedmont steppe.

Question 14

China was host to three different centers of domestication: one in the north, one in the south, and one on the eastern coast.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The path from foraging to food production was one that people followed independently in at least seven world areas. One of these areas is what is now southern Egypt, where excavations at Nabta Playa

Accepted Answer

A)  suggest that its sedentary life, which flourished around 12,000 B.P., had an elaborate and previously unsuspected ceremonialism, as well as social complexity during the African Neolithic. 
B)  suggest it was entirely isolated from Middle Eastern influence until about 1000 B.P. 
C)  prove that in some cases, greater knowledge of food and plants does lead to domestication. 
D)  provide evidence for the "African sheep complex," in which cattle were used economically for their milk and blood, rather than killed for their meat except on ceremonial occasions. 
E)  reveal evidence of sheep and goat domestication, unlike the one that occurred in the Middle East. 
A)  suggest that its sedentary life, which flourished around 12,000 B.P., had an elaborate and previously unsuspected ceremonialism, as well as social complexity during the African Neolithic. 
B)  suggest it was entirely isolated from Middle Eastern influence until about 1000 B.P. 
C)  prove that in some cases, greater knowledge of food and plants does lead to domestication. 
D)  provide evidence for the "African sheep complex," in which cattle were used economically for their milk and blood, rather than killed for their meat except on ceremonial occasions. 
E)  reveal evidence of sheep and goat domestication, unlike the one that occurred in the Middle East.

Question 16

What is broad-spectrum foraging, and why is it important in understanding the shift to farming?

Accepted Answer

Broad-spectrum foraging refers to the pr

Question 17

Contrary to the old assumption that New World farming originated in the upland areas, recent research suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  farming first originated in the tropical lowlands at about the same time food production arose in the Middle East-around 10,000 years ago-and that these new techniques developed in the tropics then diffused into drier regions at higher elevations. 
B)  the upland communities borrowed farming techniques from their lowland neighbors. 
C)  farming originated in the coastal lowlands of Argentina and then diffused upward. 
D)  all food staples except maize were domesticated in the tropical lowlands. 
E)  all food staples except teosinte were domesticated in the South American jungle. 
A)  farming first originated in the tropical lowlands at about the same time food production arose in the Middle East-around 10,000 years ago-and that these new techniques developed in the tropics then diffused into drier regions at higher elevations. 
B)  the upland communities borrowed farming techniques from their lowland neighbors. 
C)  farming originated in the coastal lowlands of Argentina and then diffused upward. 
D)  all food staples except maize were domesticated in the tropical lowlands. 
E)  all food staples except teosinte were domesticated in the South American jungle.

Question 18

In the Middle East, as subsistence economies became more specialized and more dependent on domesticated species, population centers began to emerge that had temples, writing, and canals for irrigating fields.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Early cultivation began as an attempt to copy, in a less favorable environment, the dense stands of wheat and barley that grew wild in the hilly flanks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Discuss the genetic changes in the domestication of plants in the New and Old Worlds, and compare the selective factors for these changes in the two areas. How do these facts and their role in the history of domestication help explain the differences between natural selection and artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

The genetic changes in the domestication

Exam 11: The First Farmers

Food production was a critical step toward the broad-spectrum revolution.

Which of the following was NOT domesticated in China?

Compared to those of wild plants, the seeds of domesticated plants are larger and less likely to shatter and disperse.

Rice was domesticated in southern China.

What is sedentism?

The independent domestication of the dog

In the Middle East, sedentism developed before plants and animals were domesticated.

Anthropologists once thought that domestication would happen almost automatically once people gained sufficient knowledge of plants and animals and their reproductive habits to figure out how to make domestication work. They now know that

Most researchers today argue that the domestication of plants in the Middle East took place in the hilly flanks regions where wild plant ancestors naturally grew.

Corn, beans, and squash were the major crops to be domesticated in Mexico.

Which of the following was a consequence of domestication?

What did Kent Flannery (1969) refer to with the term broad-spectrum revolution? The period

Middle Eastern food production arose in the context of four environmental zones. From highest altitude to lowest, they are

China was host to three different centers of domestication: one in the north, one in the south, and one on the eastern coast.

The path from foraging to food production was one that people followed independently in at least seven world areas. One of these areas is what is now southern Egypt, where excavations at Nabta Playa

What is broad-spectrum foraging, and why is it important in understanding the shift to farming?

Contrary to the old assumption that New World farming originated in the upland areas, recent research suggests that

In the Middle East, as subsistence economies became more specialized and more dependent on domesticated species, population centers began to emerge that had temples, writing, and canals for irrigating fields.

Early cultivation began as an attempt to copy, in a less favorable environment, the dense stands of wheat and barley that grew wild in the hilly flanks.

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Applying Anthropology

Doing Archaeology and Biological Anthropology

Evolution and Genetics

Human Variation and Adaptation

The Primates

Early Hominins

Archaic Homo

The Origin and Spread of Modern Humans

The First Cities and States

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Making a Living

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters