Exam 12: The First Cities and States

Robert Carneiro (1970) put forth an influential theory that incorporates three factors working together instead of a single cause for state formation. These three factors are

What is the name of the cultural period during which the first chiefdoms and elites emerged in northern Syria?

Which of the following attributes distinguishes states from chiefdoms?

What is the name of the first state in Pakistan and western India?

Pseudoscientists often underestimate the capacity for human inventiveness in the ancient peoples they write about, assuming that creating major features were beyond their capabilities.

Writing never developed among the early states in Mesoamerica, so there is no reliable archaeological evidence that records these states' histories.

Like Mesopotamia and China, many early civilizations came to rely on metallurgy. Aside from metallurgy, a peculiar skill that set the early civilizations of Peru's Andes apart was

Early states lacked social classes.

Environmental degradation often contributes to the collapse of states.

When did pottery become widespread in the Middle East?

How are chiefdoms different from states? How do archaeologists distinguish between the two?

What prestige item was crafted by inhabitants of the Valley of Oaxaca and traded with other Mesoamerican chiefdoms?

What do proponents of the hydraulic theory for the origin of the state argue?

Why do states collapse? How have the models archaeologists use to understand the process of collapse changed over time? Use the Maya decline as an example.

Evidence for the co-occurrence of Monte Albán's conquest strategy with the emerging Zapotec state offers strong support for the

According to Flannery (1999), only ranked societies that have undergone a loss of village autonomy

Early states had productive farming economies.

States are complex systems of sociopolitical organization that aim to control and administer everything from conflict resolution to population movements, with the overall aim of achieving egalitarianism among their members.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Teotihuacán state?

In this chapter we learn that the most complete explanation of primary state formation is