Exam 19: Nerve Signaling

Enkephalins and endorphins are subclasses of amines that are pain relievers.

The magnitude of the action potential peaks when the sodium channels close.

The lack of dopamine is linked to the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

Some neurotransmitters use cyclic adenosine monophosphate as a second messenger to cause a response in the postsynaptic cell.

Absolute refractory periods occur in the axon of the cell; relative refractory periods occur in the dendrite or soma of the cell.

The sodium-potassium pump actively pumps three potassium ions out of the neuron and two sodium ions into the neuron.

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine always has an excitatory effect.

Neurons are the only living cells that maintain a difference in the concentration of ions across their membranes.

Compared with the outside of the neuron, the inside has a(n) ____ charge.

Some neurotransmitters can be transported back to the synaptic knob and be reused by the neuron.

Define IPSP and EPSP.

A neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory, not both.

Three structures make up a synapse: a synaptic knob, a synaptic cleft, and the plasma membrane of the postsynaptic neuron.

The depolarization of a neuron is caused by the influx of the positively charged sodium ion into the cell.

In depolarization the membrane potential moves toward zero, whereas in hyperpolarization the membrane potential moves away from zero.

Serotonin is an example of a(n):

Acetylcholine is in the same class of neurotransmitters as:

The opening of stimulus-gated channels is always followed by the opening of voltage-gated channels.

Explain the process of an action potential moving down a neuron.

Many biologists believe that amino acids are among the most common neurotransmitters in the CNS.