Question 1

Which of the following is an advantage of case studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Case studies produce a more detailed picture of an individual than do other methods. 
B)  The observer may have biases that influence which facts are observed and which are ignored. 
C)  An individual case may not be representative of others. 
D)  Information is often missing or hard to interpret. 
A)  Case studies produce a more detailed picture of an individual than do other methods. 
B)  The observer may have biases that influence which facts are observed and which are ignored. 
C)  An individual case may not be representative of others. 
D)  Information is often missing or hard to interpret.

Question 2

According to the principle of falsifiability:

Accepted Answer

A)  false conclusions are reached in a scientific study when researchers make risky predictions. 
B)  researchers must conduct naturalistic observations in order to reach a causal explanation about a particular behaviour. 
C)  hypotheses should be considered false until scientific research proves, without a doubt, that they are true. 
D)  a scientific theory must make predictions that are specific enough to expose the theory to the possibility of disconfirmation. 
A)  false conclusions are reached in a scientific study when researchers make risky predictions. 
B)  researchers must conduct naturalistic observations in order to reach a causal explanation about a particular behaviour. 
C)  hypotheses should be considered false until scientific research proves, without a doubt, that they are true. 
D)  a scientific theory must make predictions that are specific enough to expose the theory to the possibility of disconfirmation.

Question 3

Match these definitions with the appropriate statistical term.
-Statistical procedures that allow researchers to draw conclusions about how statistically meaningful a study's results are.

Accepted Answer

A) inferential statistics 
B) effect size 
C) significance tests 
D) descriptive statistics 
E) meta-analysis 
A) inferential statistics 
B) effect size 
C) significance tests 
D) descriptive statistics 
E) meta-analysis

Question 4

The principle of falsifiability is the tendency to look for information that confirms one's beliefs, thereby avoiding information that would prove one's beliefs to be false.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Reliability in tests means that the test:

Accepted Answer

A)  is unbiased. 
B)  is fair. 
C)  actually measures what it is supposed to measure. 
D)  produces the same results from one time and place to the next. 
A)  is unbiased. 
B)  is fair. 
C)  actually measures what it is supposed to measure. 
D)  produces the same results from one time and place to the next.

Question 6

Confirmation bias is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  tendency to accept replicated studies but not accept studies that have not been replicated. 
B)  belief that bias exists in many studies that prevents them from being confirmed. 
C)  tendency to believe theories that have been confirmed by empirical data. 
D)  tendency to look for evidence that supports our theory and ignore evidence that contradicts it. 
A)  tendency to accept replicated studies but not accept studies that have not been replicated. 
B)  belief that bias exists in many studies that prevents them from being confirmed. 
C)  tendency to believe theories that have been confirmed by empirical data. 
D)  tendency to look for evidence that supports our theory and ignore evidence that contradicts it.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Even though skepticism about new ideas is important, a scientist should accept older ideas that have been endorsed by authorities in the field. 
B)  It is important to balance skepticism with openness to new ideas. 
C)  Skepticism and caution go hand in hand. 
D)  Skepticism in science is an unwillingness to accept an idea without empirical evidence. 
A)  Even though skepticism about new ideas is important, a scientist should accept older ideas that have been endorsed by authorities in the field. 
B)  It is important to balance skepticism with openness to new ideas. 
C)  Skepticism and caution go hand in hand. 
D)  Skepticism in science is an unwillingness to accept an idea without empirical evidence.

Question 8

Psychologists study animals for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  to clarify theoretical questions, such as assessing that a male-female difference in lifestyle exists in mammals other than humans. 
B)  to improve human welfare, for example, investigating the mechanisms underlying memory loss and senility. 
C)  to discover practical applications of psychological principles without concerns over the treatment of the subjects. 
D)  to conduct basic research on a particular species, such as studying cooperation among apes. 
A)  to clarify theoretical questions, such as assessing that a male-female difference in lifestyle exists in mammals other than humans. 
B)  to improve human welfare, for example, investigating the mechanisms underlying memory loss and senility. 
C)  to discover practical applications of psychological principles without concerns over the treatment of the subjects. 
D)  to conduct basic research on a particular species, such as studying cooperation among apes.

Question 9

Norman Cousins wrote a bestseller explaining how humour and vitamins cured him of a life-threatening disease. What rule of science did he violate?

Accepted Answer

A GOOD ANSWER WILL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING

Question 10

The word "correlation" is often used incorrectly as a synonym for:

Accepted Answer

A)  relationship. 
B)  variable. 
C)  reliability. 
D)  validity. 
A)  relationship. 
B)  variable. 
C)  reliability. 
D)  validity.

Question 11

Results from longitudinal studies find that as people age, they sometime perform as well as they ever did on certain mental tests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In order to be useful, a test must be reliable, that is, it must:

Accepted Answer

A)  produce the same results from one time to the next. 
B)  measure what it is designed to measure. 
C)  compare results against established standards of performance. 
D)  predict other criteria of the trait in question. 
A)  produce the same results from one time to the next. 
B)  measure what it is designed to measure. 
C)  compare results against established standards of performance. 
D)  predict other criteria of the trait in question.

Question 13

A sample's size is less critical than its representativeness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In order to maintain scientific objectivity, psychologists and other scientists cannot work on research that is sponsored by private, for-profit businesses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

When psychologists say that a test has been standardized, they mean that uniform procedures for giving and scoring a test have been developed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A theory is an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Match these definitions with the terms they define.
-Unintended changes in subjects' behaviour due to cues inadvertently given by the experimenter.

Accepted Answer

A) confirmation bias 
B) volunteer bias 
C) placebo 
D) experimenter effects 
E) double-blind study 
A) confirmation bias 
B) volunteer bias 
C) placebo 
D) experimenter effects 
E) double-blind study

Question 18

Which variable does the experimenter manipulate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The confounding variable 
B)  The control variable 
C)  The dependent variable 
D)  The independent variable 
A)  The confounding variable 
B)  The control variable 
C)  The dependent variable 
D)  The independent variable

Question 19

An academic researcher would use the case study method in all of the following situations EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  when the purpose of the research is to track down a cause. 
B)  when practical considerations prevent other methods of gathering information. 
C)  when first beginning to study a research topic. 
D)  when ethical considerations prevent other methods of gathering information. 
A)  when the purpose of the research is to track down a cause. 
B)  when practical considerations prevent other methods of gathering information. 
C)  when first beginning to study a research topic. 
D)  when ethical considerations prevent other methods of gathering information.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why research methods matter so much to psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A)  These methods allow psychologists to separate truth from unfounded belief. 
B)  These methods allow psychologists to gain respect from the "hard" sciences. 
C)  These methods allow psychologists to correct false ideas that might cause people harm. 
D)  These methods allow psychologists to sort out conflicting views. 
A)  These methods allow psychologists to separate truth from unfounded belief. 
B)  These methods allow psychologists to gain respect from the "hard" sciences. 
C)  These methods allow psychologists to correct false ideas that might cause people harm. 
D)  These methods allow psychologists to sort out conflicting views.

Which of the following is an advantage of case studies?

According to the principle of falsifiability:

Match these definitions with the appropriate statistical term. -Statistical procedures that allow researchers to draw conclusions about how statistically meaningful a study's results are.

The principle of falsifiability is the tendency to look for information that confirms one's beliefs, thereby avoiding information that would prove one's beliefs to be false.

Reliability in tests means that the test:

Confirmation bias is a:

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Psychologists study animals for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Norman Cousins wrote a bestseller explaining how humour and vitamins cured him of a life-threatening disease. What rule of science did he violate?

The word "correlation" is often used incorrectly as a synonym for:

Results from longitudinal studies find that as people age, they sometime perform as well as they ever did on certain mental tests.

In order to be useful, a test must be reliable, that is, it must:

A sample's size is less critical than its representativeness.

In order to maintain scientific objectivity, psychologists and other scientists cannot work on research that is sponsored by private, for-profit businesses.

When psychologists say that a test has been standardized, they mean that uniform procedures for giving and scoring a test have been developed.

A theory is an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships.

Match these definitions with the terms they define. -Unintended changes in subjects' behaviour due to cues inadvertently given by the experimenter.

Which variable does the experimenter manipulate?

An academic researcher would use the case study method in all of the following situations EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why research methods matter so much to psychologists?

What Is Psychology

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

Exam 2: How Psychologists Do Research

Which of the following is an advantage of case studies?

According to the principle of falsifiability:

Match these definitions with the appropriate statistical term. -Statistical procedures that allow researchers to draw conclusions about how statistically meaningful a study's results are.

The principle of falsifiability is the tendency to look for information that confirms one's beliefs, thereby avoiding information that would prove one's beliefs to be false.

Reliability in tests means that the test:

Confirmation bias is a:

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Psychologists study animals for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Norman Cousins wrote a bestseller explaining how humour and vitamins cured him of a life-threatening disease. What rule of science did he violate?

The word "correlation" is often used incorrectly as a synonym for:

Results from longitudinal studies find that as people age, they sometime perform as well as they ever did on certain mental tests.

In order to be useful, a test must be reliable, that is, it must:

A sample's size is less critical than its representativeness.

In order to maintain scientific objectivity, psychologists and other scientists cannot work on research that is sponsored by private, for-profit businesses.

When psychologists say that a test has been standardized, they mean that uniform procedures for giving and scoring a test have been developed.

A theory is an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships.

Match these definitions with the terms they define. -Unintended changes in subjects' behaviour due to cues inadvertently given by the experimenter.

Which variable does the experimenter manipulate?

An academic researcher would use the case study method in all of the following situations EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why research methods matter so much to psychologists?

What Is Psychology

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters