Question 1

A researcher computes a coefficient of correlation and determines that it is zero. This finding indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  a perfect correlation between two variables exists. 
B)  as one variable increases, the other variable decreases. 
C)  there is no relationship between two variables. 
D)  as one variable increases, the other variable increases. 
A)  a perfect correlation between two variables exists. 
B)  as one variable increases, the other variable decreases. 
C)  there is no relationship between two variables. 
D)  as one variable increases, the other variable increases.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a problem with experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Experimenter bias may affect subjects' performance. 
B)  Generalization may be limited because the situation is artificial. 
C)  Use of volunteers may bias the results. 
D)  Cause and effect cannot be determined in an experiment. 
A)  Experimenter bias may affect subjects' performance. 
B)  Generalization may be limited because the situation is artificial. 
C)  Use of volunteers may bias the results. 
D)  Cause and effect cannot be determined in an experiment.

Question 3

The higher a male monkey's level of the hormone testosterone, the more aggressive he is likely to be. This means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  aggression stimulates the production of testosterone. 
B)  age may influence aggression and hormone production independently. 
C)  testosterone causes aggression. 
D)  any of the above explanations is a possibility. 
A)  aggression stimulates the production of testosterone. 
B)  age may influence aggression and hormone production independently. 
C)  testosterone causes aggression. 
D)  any of the above explanations is a possibility.

Question 4

Match these definitions with the terms they define.
-The consistency of scores derived from a test, from one time and place to another.

Accepted Answer

A) standardization 
B) validity 
C) psychological tests 
D) reliability 
E) norms 
A) standardization 
B) validity 
C) psychological tests 
D) reliability 
E) norms

Question 5

Ideally, everything in an experiment except the dependent variable is held constant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Hadley is told that the achievement test that he is taking is a standardized test. This means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the test will be measuring what is it intended to measure. 
B)  the score he receives is likely to be similar to the score he would receive at a later test session. 
C)  similar scores occur when the test is given in a standard laboratory setting or in a naturalistic setting. 
D)  uniform procedures exist for giving and scoring the test. 
A)  the test will be measuring what is it intended to measure. 
B)  the score he receives is likely to be similar to the score he would receive at a later test session. 
C)  similar scores occur when the test is given in a standard laboratory setting or in a naturalistic setting. 
D)  uniform procedures exist for giving and scoring the test.

Question 7

Descriptive methods allow a researcher to do all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  choose one explanation about behaviour over competing ones. 
B)  predict behaviour. 
C)  describe behaviour 
D)  depict behaviour. 
A)  choose one explanation about behaviour over competing ones. 
B)  predict behaviour. 
C)  describe behaviour 
D)  depict behaviour.

Question 8

Professor Hardin wants to know if people consume greater quantities of alcohol during "happy hour" specials. It is most likely that she will use the ________ method to explore this topic.

Accepted Answer

A)  double-blind 
B)  experimental 
C)  naturalistic observation 
D)  case study 
A)  double-blind 
B)  experimental 
C)  naturalistic observation 
D)  case study

Question 9

Match these definitions with the terms they define.
-The development of uniform procedures for giving and scoring a test.

Accepted Answer

A) standardization 
B) validity 
C) psychological tests 
D) reliability 
E) norms 
A) standardization 
B) validity 
C) psychological tests 
D) reliability 
E) norms

Question 10

The colder the weather, the fewer muggings tend to occur. This means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  cold weather causes a reduction in crime. 
B)  cold weather and crime are positively correlated. 
C)  cold weather and crime are negatively correlated. 
D)  cold weather and crime are uncorrelated. 
A)  cold weather causes a reduction in crime. 
B)  cold weather and crime are positively correlated. 
C)  cold weather and crime are negatively correlated. 
D)  cold weather and crime are uncorrelated.

Question 11

________ is an experiment in which subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group.

Accepted Answer

A)  Field research 
B)  The double-blind study 
C)  The single-blind study 
D)  Correlational research 
A)  Field research 
B)  The double-blind study 
C)  The single-blind study 
D)  Correlational research

Question 12

The standard deviation is a commonly used measure of variability that indicates the average difference between scores in a distribution and their mean.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

An advantage of correlation is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it shows whether two or more variables are related. 
B)  firm conclusions about cause and effect can be drawn. 
C)  it is often useful in the first stages of a research program. 
D)  it provides a large amount of information on large numbers of people. 
A)  it shows whether two or more variables are related. 
B)  firm conclusions about cause and effect can be drawn. 
C)  it is often useful in the first stages of a research program. 
D)  it provides a large amount of information on large numbers of people.

Question 14

A precise meaning of a term, which specifies the operations for observing and measuring the process or phenomenon being investigated, is called a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  double-blind study. 
B)  theory. 
C)  hypothesis. 
D)  operational definition. 
A)  double-blind study. 
B)  theory. 
C)  hypothesis. 
D)  operational definition.

Question 15

When Haylee takes a personality test, the researcher gives her detailed instructions and plenty of time to complete it. But Tyler takes the same test and is given only vague instructions and a limited amount of time. This procedural difference shows a problem in regard to:

Accepted Answer

A)  reliability. 
B)  validity. 
C)  standardization. 
D)  norms. 
A)  reliability. 
B)  validity. 
C)  standardization. 
D)  norms.

Question 16

The ability of a test to measure what it is designed to measure is called validity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypotheses are derived from theories, which, in turn, lead to testable predictions. 
B)  Testable predictions derive from theories based on a set of hypotheses. 
C)  Predictions are derived from theories, which lead to a set of hypotheses. 
D)  Theories derive from hypotheses based on a set of predictions. 
A)  Hypotheses are derived from theories, which, in turn, lead to testable predictions. 
B)  Testable predictions derive from theories based on a set of hypotheses. 
C)  Predictions are derived from theories, which lead to a set of hypotheses. 
D)  Theories derive from hypotheses based on a set of predictions.

Question 18

In a laboratory, smokers are asked to "drive" using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal. The object is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some of the subjects smoke a real cigarette immediately before climbing into the driver's seat. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. You are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have. In this study, the dependent variable is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of collisions. 
B)  the use of nicotine. 
C)  the driving skills of each driver. 
D)  the use of a driving simulator. 
A)  the number of collisions. 
B)  the use of nicotine. 
C)  the driving skills of each driver. 
D)  the use of a driving simulator.

Question 19

Match these definitions with the appropriate statistical term.
-Statistical procedures that organize and summarize research data.

Accepted Answer

A) inferential statistics 
B) effect size 
C) significance tests 
D) descriptive statistics 
E) meta-analysis 
A) inferential statistics 
B) effect size 
C) significance tests 
D) descriptive statistics 
E) meta-analysis

Question 20

One purpose of peer review is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  make sure that the researchers did not deceive their subjects in any way. 
B)  make sure that the research does not involve animals as subjects. 
C)  scrutinize the evidence before any announcement to the public. 
D)  choose which, among competing interpretations of a finding, is best. 
A)  make sure that the researchers did not deceive their subjects in any way. 
B)  make sure that the research does not involve animals as subjects. 
C)  scrutinize the evidence before any announcement to the public. 
D)  choose which, among competing interpretations of a finding, is best.

A researcher computes a coefficient of correlation and determines that it is zero. This finding indicates that:

Which of the following is NOT a problem with experiments?

The higher a male monkey's level of the hormone testosterone, the more aggressive he is likely to be. This means that:

Match these definitions with the terms they define. -The consistency of scores derived from a test, from one time and place to another.

Ideally, everything in an experiment except the dependent variable is held constant.

Hadley is told that the achievement test that he is taking is a standardized test. This means that:

Descriptive methods allow a researcher to do all of the following EXCEPT:

Professor Hardin wants to know if people consume greater quantities of alcohol during "happy hour" specials. It is most likely that she will use the ________ method to explore this topic.

Match these definitions with the terms they define. -The development of uniform procedures for giving and scoring a test.

The colder the weather, the fewer muggings tend to occur. This means that:

________ is an experiment in which subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group.

The standard deviation is a commonly used measure of variability that indicates the average difference between scores in a distribution and their mean.

An advantage of correlation is that:

A precise meaning of a term, which specifies the operations for observing and measuring the process or phenomenon being investigated, is called a/an:

When Haylee takes a personality test, the researcher gives her detailed instructions and plenty of time to complete it. But Tyler takes the same test and is given only vague instructions and a limited amount of time. This procedural difference shows a problem in regard to:

The ability of a test to measure what it is designed to measure is called validity.

Which of the following statements is true?

Match these definitions with the appropriate statistical term. -Statistical procedures that organize and summarize research data.

One purpose of peer review is to:

What Is Psychology

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

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Exam 2: How Psychologists Do Research

A researcher computes a coefficient of correlation and determines that it is zero. This finding indicates that:

Which of the following is NOT a problem with experiments?

The higher a male monkey's level of the hormone testosterone, the more aggressive he is likely to be. This means that:

Match these definitions with the terms they define. -The consistency of scores derived from a test, from one time and place to another.

Ideally, everything in an experiment except the dependent variable is held constant.

Hadley is told that the achievement test that he is taking is a standardized test. This means that:

Descriptive methods allow a researcher to do all of the following EXCEPT:

Professor Hardin wants to know if people consume greater quantities of alcohol during "happy hour" specials. It is most likely that she will use the ________ method to explore this topic.

Match these definitions with the terms they define. -The development of uniform procedures for giving and scoring a test.

The colder the weather, the fewer muggings tend to occur. This means that:

________ is an experiment in which subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group.

The standard deviation is a commonly used measure of variability that indicates the average difference between scores in a distribution and their mean.

An advantage of correlation is that:

A precise meaning of a term, which specifies the operations for observing and measuring the process or phenomenon being investigated, is called a/an:

When Haylee takes a personality test, the researcher gives her detailed instructions and plenty of time to complete it. But Tyler takes the same test and is given only vague instructions and a limited amount of time. This procedural difference shows a problem in regard to:

The ability of a test to measure what it is designed to measure is called validity.

Which of the following statements is true?

Match these definitions with the appropriate statistical term. -Statistical procedures that organize and summarize research data.

One purpose of peer review is to:

What Is Psychology

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters