Question 1

Antimicrobial agents that usually kill target organisms are said to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  bactericidal. 
B)  antibiotic. 
C)  bacteriostatic. 
D)  antagonistic. 
A)  bactericidal. 
B)  antibiotic. 
C)  bacteriostatic. 
D)  antagonistic. A

Question 2

MATCHING
Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
-Ciprofloxacin

Accepted Answer

A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  synthesis inhibition 
A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  synthesis inhibition D

Question 3

MATCHING
Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
-Tetracycline

Accepted Answer

A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  synthesis inhibition 
A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  synthesis inhibition C

Question 4

MATCHING
Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
-Penicillin

Accepted Answer

A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  synthesis inhibition 
A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  synthesis inhibition

Question 5

Mycoplasmas are organisms without cell walls.Which antimicrobial agents would be ineffective in treating infections involving this bacterium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tetracycline 
B)  Aminoglycosides 
C)  Penicillin 
D)  Rifampin 
A)  Tetracycline 
B)  Aminoglycosides 
C)  Penicillin 
D)  Rifampin

Question 6

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive organism that produces the enzyme beta-lactamase, which renders certain types of antibiotics inactive.The mode of action that is prevented in certain antibiotics sensitive to this enzyme is:

Accepted Answer

A)  cell wall synthesis. 
B)  protein synthesis to the 30S ribosomal subunit. 
C)  protein synthesis to the 50S ribosomal subunit. 
D)  deoxyribonucleic acid (DN
A)  synthesis. 
A)  cell wall synthesis. 
B)  protein synthesis to the 30S ribosomal subunit. 
C)  protein synthesis to the 50S ribosomal subunit. 
D)  deoxyribonucleic acid (DN
A)  synthesis.

Question 7

MATCHING
Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
-Rifampin

Accepted Answer

A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  synthesis inhibition 
A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  synthesis inhibition

Question 8

Antimicrobial agents that inhibit bacterial growth but generally do not kill the organism are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  bactericidal. 
B)  antibiotic. 
C)  bacteriostatic. 
D)  antagonistic. 
A)  bactericidal. 
B)  antibiotic. 
C)  bacteriostatic. 
D)  antagonistic.

Question 9

Antibiotic resistance resulting from altered cellular physiologic structure caused by changes in a microorganism's usual genetic makeup is known as __________ resistance.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic 
B)  inherent 
C)  acquired 
D)  environmentally mediated 
A)  intrinsic 
B)  inherent 
C)  acquired 
D)  environmentally mediated

Question 10

MATCHING
Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
-Polymyxin B

Accepted Answer

A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  synthesis inhibition 
A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  synthesis inhibition

Question 11

Antimicrobial resistance resulting from the normal genetic, structural, or physiologic state of a microorganism is referred to as ________ resistance.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic 
B)  inherent 
C)  microorganism-mediated 
D)  clinical 
A)  intrinsic 
B)  inherent 
C)  microorganism-mediated 
D)  clinical

Question 12

Klebsiella spp.were isolated from a sputum sample, and susceptibility testing was performed.The isolates were sensitive to several antibiotics; however, they were resistant to ampicillin.Which one of the following statements explains this discrepancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ampicillin disk is most likely expired. 
B)  Because Klebsiella spp. should be sensitive to ampicillin, a technical error is to blame. 
C)  Ampicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis. In addition, because Klebsiella spp. do not have a cell wall, they should not have been tested for ampicillin. 
D)  No discrepancy is present; Klebsiella spp. are normally resistant to ampicillin. 
A)  The ampicillin disk is most likely expired. 
B)  Because Klebsiella spp. should be sensitive to ampicillin, a technical error is to blame. 
C)  Ampicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis. In addition, because Klebsiella spp. do not have a cell wall, they should not have been tested for ampicillin. 
D)  No discrepancy is present; Klebsiella spp. are normally resistant to ampicillin.

Question 13

The mechanism of acquired, high-level resistance to vancomycin involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymatic destruction of the antibiotic. 
B)  altered antibiotic targets. 
C)  decreased intracellular uptake of the drug. 
D)  production of altered cell wall precursors that do not bind the antibiotic with sufficient avidity. 
A)  enzymatic destruction of the antibiotic. 
B)  altered antibiotic targets. 
C)  decreased intracellular uptake of the drug. 
D)  production of altered cell wall precursors that do not bind the antibiotic with sufficient avidity.

Question 14

MATCHING
Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
-Vancomycin

Accepted Answer

A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  synthesis inhibition 
A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  synthesis inhibition

Question 15

MATCHING
Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
-Gentamicin

Accepted Answer

A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  synthesis inhibition 
A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  synthesis inhibition

Exam 11: Principles of Antimicrobial Action and Resistance

Antimicrobial agents that usually kill target organisms are said to be:

MATCHING Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action. -Ciprofloxacin

MATCHING Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action. -Tetracycline

MATCHING Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action. -Penicillin

Mycoplasmas are organisms without cell walls.Which antimicrobial agents would be ineffective in treating infections involving this bacterium?

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive organism that produces the enzyme beta-lactamase, which renders certain types of antibiotics inactive.The mode of action that is prevented in certain antibiotics sensitive to this enzyme is:

MATCHING Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action. -Rifampin

Antimicrobial agents that inhibit bacterial growth but generally do not kill the organism are known as:

Antibiotic resistance resulting from altered cellular physiologic structure caused by changes in a microorganism's usual genetic makeup is known as __________ resistance.

MATCHING Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action. -Polymyxin B

Antimicrobial resistance resulting from the normal genetic, structural, or physiologic state of a microorganism is referred to as ________ resistance.

Klebsiella spp.were isolated from a sputum sample, and susceptibility testing was performed.The isolates were sensitive to several antibiotics; however, they were resistant to ampicillin.Which one of the following statements explains this discrepancy?

The mechanism of acquired, high-level resistance to vancomycin involves:

MATCHING Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action. -Vancomycin

MATCHING Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action. -Gentamicin

Microbial Taxonomy

Bacterial Genetics, Metabolism, and Structure

Host-Microorganism Interactions

Laboratory Safety

Specimen Management

Role of Microscopy

Traditional Cultivation and Identification

Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Immunochemical Methods Used for Organism Detection

Serologic Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Laboratory Methods and Strategies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococcus Micrococcus and Similar Organisms

Streptococcus Enterococcus and Similar Organisms

Bacillus and Similar Organisms

Listeria Corynebacterium and Similar Organisms

Erysipelothrix Lactobacillus and Similar Organisms

Nocardia Streptomyces Rhodococcus and Similar Organisms

Enterobacteriaceae

Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Other Organisms

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Similar Organisms

Rhizobium, Ochrobactrum, and Similar Organisms

Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Similar Organisms

Alcaligenes, Bordetella Nonpertussis, Comamonas, and Similar Organisms

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Chromobacterium, and Related Organisms

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis and Similar Organisms

Moraxella and Related Organisms

Eikenella and Similar Organisms

Pasteurella and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus, Aggregatibacter, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Haemophilus

Bartonella and Afipia

Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter

Legionella

Brucella

Bordetella Pertussis, Bordetella Parapertussis, and Related Species

Francisella

Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus

Neisseria and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Overview and General Considerations

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

Mycobacteria

Obligate Intracellular and Non-culturable Bacterial Agents

Cell Walldeficient Bacteria: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

The Spirochetes

Laboratory Methods for Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections: Overview

Intestinal Protozoa

Blood and Tissue Protozoa

Other Protozoa

Intestinal Nematodes Roundworms

Tissue Nematodes Roundworms

Blood and Tissue Filarialnematodes

Intestinal Cestodes

Tissue Cestodes

Intestinal Trematodes

Liver and Lung Trematodes

Blood Trematodes

Overview of Fungal Identification Methods and Strategies

Hyaline Molds, Mucorales Zygomycetes, Dermatophytes, and Opportunitistic and Systemic Mycoses

Dematiaceous Melanizedmolds

Opportunistic Atypical Fungus: Pneumocystis Jiroveci

The Yeasts

Anti-fungal Susceptibility Testing, Therapy, and Prevention

Overview of the Methods and Strategies in Virology

Viruses in Human Disease