Question 1

The most common etiologic agent in uncomplicated community-acquired urinary tract infection is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Klebsiella spp. 
C)  Staphylococcus saprophyticus. 
D)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Klebsiella spp. 
C)  Staphylococcus saprophyticus. 
D)  Streptococcus pyogenes. A

Question 2

Mucosal antibacterial properties, a valvelike mechanism, host immune responses, and defensins are all host defense mechanisms found in the ______ tract.

Accepted Answer

A)  digestive 
B)  upper respiratory 
C)  urinary 
D)  genital 
A)  digestive 
B)  upper respiratory 
C)  urinary 
D)  genital C

Question 3

MATCHING
Match the condition with its definition.
-Acute urethral syndrome

Accepted Answer

A) Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract 
B) Isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection 
C) Infection of the bladder 
D) Dysuria, frequency, and urgency, but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture 
E) Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis), and pelvis 
A) Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract 
B) Isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection 
C) Infection of the bladder 
D) Dysuria, frequency, and urgency, but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture 
E) Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis), and pelvis D

Question 4

The resident microflora that can colonize the bladder and other structures of the urinary tract are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Enterobacteriaceae. 
B)  yeast. 
C)  Propionibacterium acnes. 
D)  Corynebacteria. 
A)  Enterobacteriaceae. 
B)  yeast. 
C)  Propionibacterium acnes. 
D)  Corynebacteria.

Question 5

The most frequent cause of uncomplicated community-acquired urinary tract infections is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus saprophyticus. 
B)  Klebsiella spp. 
C)  Escherichia coli. 
D)  Proteus. 
A)  Staphylococcus saprophyticus. 
B)  Klebsiella spp. 
C)  Escherichia coli. 
D)  Proteus.

Question 6

MATCHING
Match the condition with its definition.
-Pyelonephritis

Accepted Answer

A) Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract 
B) Isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection 
C) Infection of the bladder 
D) Dysuria, frequency, and urgency, but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture 
E) Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis), and pelvis 
A) Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract 
B) Isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection 
C) Infection of the bladder 
D) Dysuria, frequency, and urgency, but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture 
E) Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis), and pelvis

Question 7

The term acute urethral syndrome is used to describe a syndrome of symptoms that include:

Accepted Answer

A)  greater than 105 colony-forming units of bacteria per milliliter (CFU/mL) of urine, dysuria, and frequent urination. 
B)  dysuria, frequency, and urgency but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture. 
C)  fever and flank pain, dysuria, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, increased heart rate, and lower abdominal pain. 
D)  dysuria, frequency and urgency along with tenderness and pain over the area of the bladder. 
A)  greater than 105 colony-forming units of bacteria per milliliter (CFU/mL) of urine, dysuria, and frequent urination. 
B)  dysuria, frequency, and urgency but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture. 
C)  fever and flank pain, dysuria, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, increased heart rate, and lower abdominal pain. 
D)  dysuria, frequency and urgency along with tenderness and pain over the area of the bladder.

Question 8

MATCHING
Match the condition with its definition.
-Asymptomatic bacteriuria

Accepted Answer

A) Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract 
B) Isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection 
C) Infection of the bladder 
D) Dysuria, frequency, and urgency, but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture 
E) Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis), and pelvis 
A) Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract 
B) Isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection 
C) Infection of the bladder 
D) Dysuria, frequency, and urgency, but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture 
E) Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis), and pelvis

Question 9

MATCHING
Match the condition with its definition.
-Cystitis

Accepted Answer

A) Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract 
B) Isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection 
C) Infection of the bladder 
D) Dysuria, frequency, and urgency, but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture 
E) Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis), and pelvis 
A) Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract 
B) Isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection 
C) Infection of the bladder 
D) Dysuria, frequency, and urgency, but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture 
E) Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis), and pelvis

Question 10

MATCHING
Match the condition with its definition.
-Urethritis

Accepted Answer

A) Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract 
B) Isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection 
C) Infection of the bladder 
D) Dysuria, frequency, and urgency, but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture 
E) Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis), and pelvis 
A) Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract 
B) Isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection 
C) Infection of the bladder 
D) Dysuria, frequency, and urgency, but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture 
E) Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis), and pelvis

Exam 72: Infections of the Urinary Tract

The most common etiologic agent in uncomplicated community-acquired urinary tract infection is:

Mucosal antibacterial properties, a valvelike mechanism, host immune responses, and defensins are all host defense mechanisms found in the ______ tract.

MATCHING Match the condition with its definition. -Acute urethral syndrome

The resident microflora that can colonize the bladder and other structures of the urinary tract are:

The most frequent cause of uncomplicated community-acquired urinary tract infections is:

MATCHING Match the condition with its definition. -Pyelonephritis

The term acute urethral syndrome is used to describe a syndrome of symptoms that include:

MATCHING Match the condition with its definition. -Asymptomatic bacteriuria

MATCHING Match the condition with its definition. -Cystitis

MATCHING Match the condition with its definition. -Urethritis

Microbial Taxonomy

Bacterial Genetics, Metabolism, and Structure

Host-Microorganism Interactions

Laboratory Safety

Specimen Management

Role of Microscopy

Traditional Cultivation and Identification

Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Immunochemical Methods Used for Organism Detection

Serologic Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Principles of Antimicrobial Action and Resistance

Laboratory Methods and Strategies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococcus Micrococcus and Similar Organisms

Streptococcus Enterococcus and Similar Organisms

Bacillus and Similar Organisms

Listeria Corynebacterium and Similar Organisms

Erysipelothrix Lactobacillus and Similar Organisms

Nocardia Streptomyces Rhodococcus and Similar Organisms

Enterobacteriaceae

Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Other Organisms

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Similar Organisms

Rhizobium, Ochrobactrum, and Similar Organisms

Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Similar Organisms

Alcaligenes, Bordetella Nonpertussis, Comamonas, and Similar Organisms

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Chromobacterium, and Related Organisms

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis and Similar Organisms

Moraxella and Related Organisms

Eikenella and Similar Organisms

Pasteurella and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus, Aggregatibacter, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Haemophilus

Bartonella and Afipia

Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter

Legionella

Brucella

Bordetella Pertussis, Bordetella Parapertussis, and Related Species

Francisella

Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus

Neisseria and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Overview and General Considerations

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

Mycobacteria

Obligate Intracellular and Non-culturable Bacterial Agents

Cell Walldeficient Bacteria: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

The Spirochetes

Laboratory Methods for Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections: Overview

Intestinal Protozoa

Blood and Tissue Protozoa

Other Protozoa

Intestinal Nematodes Roundworms

Tissue Nematodes Roundworms

Blood and Tissue Filarialnematodes

Intestinal Cestodes

Tissue Cestodes

Intestinal Trematodes

Liver and Lung Trematodes

Blood Trematodes

Overview of Fungal Identification Methods and Strategies

Hyaline Molds, Mucorales Zygomycetes, Dermatophytes, and Opportunitistic and Systemic Mycoses

Dematiaceous Melanizedmolds

Opportunistic Atypical Fungus: Pneumocystis Jiroveci

The Yeasts

Anti-fungal Susceptibility Testing, Therapy, and Prevention

Overview of the Methods and Strategies in Virology

Viruses in Human Disease

Antiviral Therapy, Susceptibility Testing, and Prevention

Bloodstream Infections

Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Other Infections of the Oral Cavity and Neck