Question 1

MATCHING
Match the description to the most likely identification.
-Pigmented Prevotella

Accepted Answer

A) Are kanamycin-resistant, colistin-resistant, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative, and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate, and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin, and fluoresce a chartreuse color 
A) Are kanamycin-resistant, colistin-resistant, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative, and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate, and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin, and fluoresce a chartreuse color C

Question 2

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus that produces spores is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Bifidobacterium. 
B)  Eubacterium. 
C)  Eggerthella. 
D)  Clostridium. 
A)  Bifidobacterium. 
B)  Eubacterium. 
C)  Eggerthella. 
D)  Clostridium. D

Question 3

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that will fluoresce brick red or has a brown-to-black-pigment is:

Accepted Answer

A)  nonpigmented Prevotella. 
B)  Porphyromonas spp. 
C)  Bacteroides fragilis group. 
D)  Fusobacterium spp. 
A)  nonpigmented Prevotella. 
B)  Porphyromonas spp. 
C)  Bacteroides fragilis group. 
D)  Fusobacterium spp. B

Question 4

MATCHING
Match the description to the most likely identification.
-Porphyromonas spp.

Accepted Answer

A) Are kanamycin-resistant, colistin-resistant, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative, and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate, and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin, and fluoresce a chartreuse color 
A) Are kanamycin-resistant, colistin-resistant, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative, and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate, and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin, and fluoresce a chartreuse color

Question 5

MATCHING
Match the description to the most likely identification.
-Nonpigmented Prevotella

Accepted Answer

A) Are kanamycin-resistant, colistin-resistant, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative, and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate, and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin, and fluoresce a chartreuse color 
A) Are kanamycin-resistant, colistin-resistant, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative, and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate, and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin, and fluoresce a chartreuse color

Question 6

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus that is a very large fusiform bacillus with one pointed end and one blunt end is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Eubacterium. 
B)  Veillonella. 
C)  Leptotrichia. 
D)  Propionibacterium. 
A)  Eubacterium. 
B)  Veillonella. 
C)  Leptotrichia. 
D)  Propionibacterium.

Question 7

Characteristics that strongly indicate the presence of pigmented Prevotella or Porphyromonas in a clinical specimen include:

Accepted Answer

A)  yellow-green fluorescence. 
B)  rhizoid margins resembling a "Medusa head" on anaerobic blood agar. 
C)  brick-red fluorescence under long-wavelength ultraviolet (UV) light. 
D)  chartreuse fluorescens. 
A)  yellow-green fluorescence. 
B)  rhizoid margins resembling a "Medusa head" on anaerobic blood agar. 
C)  brick-red fluorescence under long-wavelength ultraviolet (UV) light. 
D)  chartreuse fluorescens.

Question 8

MATCHING
Match the description to the most likely identification.
-Bacteroides ureolyticus

Accepted Answer

A) Are kanamycin-resistant, colistin-resistant, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative, and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate, and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin, and fluoresce a chartreuse color 
A) Are kanamycin-resistant, colistin-resistant, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative, and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate, and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin, and fluoresce a chartreuse color

Question 9

Incubation conditions for anaerobic cultures include:

Accepted Answer

A)  30° to 35° C. 
B)  incubation for 48 hours before exposing the culture to air. 
C)  incubation for at least 3 days before discarding. 
D)  aerobic incubation of the broth medium with the cap loose. 
A)  30° to 35° C. 
B)  incubation for 48 hours before exposing the culture to air. 
C)  incubation for at least 3 days before discarding. 
D)  aerobic incubation of the broth medium with the cap loose.

Question 10

Fecal cultures to isolate Clostridium difficile are plated on:

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic blood agar. 
B)  LKV blood agar. 
C)  aerobic 5% sheep blood agar. 
D)  cycloserine cefoxitin fructose agar (CCF
A) . 
A)  anaerobic blood agar. 
B)  LKV blood agar. 
C)  aerobic 5% sheep blood agar. 
D)  cycloserine cefoxitin fructose agar (CCF
A) .

Question 11

Optimal recovery and identification of anaerobic bacteria in clinical specimens occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)  the initial incubation period is at 35° to 37° C for 48 hours. 
B)  plates are incubated for at least 3 days before discarding as negative. 
C)  the initial incubation period is at 35° to 37° C for 24 hours. 
D)  thioglycollate broth can be inspected daily for 3 days. 
A)  the initial incubation period is at 35° to 37° C for 48 hours. 
B)  plates are incubated for at least 3 days before discarding as negative. 
C)  the initial incubation period is at 35° to 37° C for 24 hours. 
D)  thioglycollate broth can be inspected daily for 3 days.

Question 12

The most likely identification of a bile-resistant, kanamycin-resistant, colistin-resistant, and vancomycin-resistant anaerobic gram-negative bacilli is:

Accepted Answer

A)  nonpigmented Prevotella. 
B)  Porphyromonas spp. 
C)  Bacteroides fragilis group. 
D)  Fusobacterium spp. 
A)  nonpigmented Prevotella. 
B)  Porphyromonas spp. 
C)  Bacteroides fragilis group. 
D)  Fusobacterium spp.

Question 13

MATCHING
Match the description to the most likely identification.
-Fusobacterium spp.

Accepted Answer

A) Are kanamycin-resistant, colistin-resistant, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative, and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate, and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin, and fluoresce a chartreuse color 
A) Are kanamycin-resistant, colistin-resistant, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) Are bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative, and indole-negative 
C) Fluoresce brick red or have a brown-to-black pigment 
D) Reduces nitrate, and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) Are sensitive to kanamycin, and fluoresce a chartreuse color

Question 14

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-positive coccus that is resistant to metronidazole is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus. 
B)  Peptostreptococcus. 
C)  Leptotrichia. 
D)  Peptococcus. 
A)  Streptococcus. 
B)  Peptostreptococcus. 
C)  Leptotrichia. 
D)  Peptococcus.

Question 15

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-negative bacillus that reduces nitrate and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Porphyromonas spp. 
B)  Bacteroides ureolyticus. 
C)  pigmented Prevotella. 
D)  Fusobacterium spp. 
A)  Porphyromonas spp. 
B)  Bacteroides ureolyticus. 
C)  pigmented Prevotella. 
D)  Fusobacterium spp.

Question 16

The primary plating medium used to select out Clostridia spp.would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic blood agar. 
B)  laked kanamycin-vancomycin (LKV) blood agar. 
C)  phenylethyl alcohol agar (PE
A) . 
D)  thioglycollate. 
A)  anaerobic blood agar. 
B)  laked kanamycin-vancomycin (LKV) blood agar. 
C)  phenylethyl alcohol agar (PE
A) . 
D)  thioglycollate.

Question 17

The most likely identification of an anaerobic, curved, gram-variable bacillus with tapered ends on Gram stain of vaginal secretions when vaginosis is suggested is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Porphyromonas spp. 
B)  Actinomyces. 
C)  Mobiluncus. 
D)  Fusobacterium spp. 
A)  Porphyromonas spp. 
B)  Actinomyces. 
C)  Mobiluncus. 
D)  Fusobacterium spp.

Question 18

The ethanol shock or heat shock test will separate which two bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium ramosum 
B)  Clostridium and Bifidobacterium 
C)  Actinomyces and Bifidobacterium 
D)  Eubacterium and Eggerthella 
A)  Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium ramosum 
B)  Clostridium and Bifidobacterium 
C)  Actinomyces and Bifidobacterium 
D)  Eubacterium and Eggerthella

Question 19

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-negative coccus is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Porphyromonas spp. 
B)  Veillonella. 
C)  Leptotrichia. 
D)  Fusobacterium spp. 
A)  Porphyromonas spp. 
B)  Veillonella. 
C)  Leptotrichia. 
D)  Fusobacterium spp.

Question 20

The most likely identification of kanamycin-sensitive and anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that fluoresce a chartreuse color is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Fusobacterium spp. 
B)  nonpigmented Prevotella. 
C)  Bacteroides ureolyticus. 
D)  Porphyromonas spp. 
A)  Fusobacterium spp. 
B)  nonpigmented Prevotella. 
C)  Bacteroides ureolyticus. 
D)  Porphyromonas spp.

Exam 41: Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

MATCHING Match the description to the most likely identification. -Pigmented Prevotella

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus that produces spores is:

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that will fluoresce brick red or has a brown-to-black-pigment is:

MATCHING Match the description to the most likely identification. -Porphyromonas spp.

MATCHING Match the description to the most likely identification. -Nonpigmented Prevotella

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus that is a very large fusiform bacillus with one pointed end and one blunt end is:

Characteristics that strongly indicate the presence of pigmented Prevotella or Porphyromonas in a clinical specimen include:

MATCHING Match the description to the most likely identification. -Bacteroides ureolyticus

Incubation conditions for anaerobic cultures include:

Fecal cultures to isolate Clostridium difficile are plated on:

Optimal recovery and identification of anaerobic bacteria in clinical specimens occurs when:

The most likely identification of a bile-resistant, kanamycin-resistant, colistin-resistant, and vancomycin-resistant anaerobic gram-negative bacilli is:

MATCHING Match the description to the most likely identification. -Fusobacterium spp.

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-positive coccus that is resistant to metronidazole is:

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-negative bacillus that reduces nitrate and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture is:

The primary plating medium used to select out Clostridia spp.would be:

The most likely identification of an anaerobic, curved, gram-variable bacillus with tapered ends on Gram stain of vaginal secretions when vaginosis is suggested is:

The ethanol shock or heat shock test will separate which two bacteria?

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-negative coccus is:

The most likely identification of kanamycin-sensitive and anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that fluoresce a chartreuse color is:

Microbial Taxonomy

Bacterial Genetics, Metabolism, and Structure

Host-Microorganism Interactions

Laboratory Safety

Specimen Management

Role of Microscopy

Traditional Cultivation and Identification

Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Immunochemical Methods Used for Organism Detection

Serologic Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Principles of Antimicrobial Action and Resistance

Laboratory Methods and Strategies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococcus Micrococcus and Similar Organisms

Streptococcus Enterococcus and Similar Organisms

Bacillus and Similar Organisms

Listeria Corynebacterium and Similar Organisms

Erysipelothrix Lactobacillus and Similar Organisms

Nocardia Streptomyces Rhodococcus and Similar Organisms

Enterobacteriaceae

Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Other Organisms

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Similar Organisms

Rhizobium, Ochrobactrum, and Similar Organisms

Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Similar Organisms

Alcaligenes, Bordetella Nonpertussis, Comamonas, and Similar Organisms

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Chromobacterium, and Related Organisms

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis and Similar Organisms

Moraxella and Related Organisms

Eikenella and Similar Organisms

Pasteurella and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus, Aggregatibacter, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Haemophilus

Bartonella and Afipia

Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter

Legionella

Brucella

Bordetella Pertussis, Bordetella Parapertussis, and Related Species

Francisella

Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus

Neisseria and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Overview and General Considerations

Mycobacteria

Obligate Intracellular and Non-culturable Bacterial Agents

Cell Walldeficient Bacteria: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

The Spirochetes

Laboratory Methods for Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections: Overview

Intestinal Protozoa

Blood and Tissue Protozoa

Other Protozoa

Intestinal Nematodes Roundworms

Tissue Nematodes Roundworms

Blood and Tissue Filarialnematodes

Intestinal Cestodes

Tissue Cestodes

Intestinal Trematodes

Liver and Lung Trematodes

Blood Trematodes

Overview of Fungal Identification Methods and Strategies

Hyaline Molds, Mucorales Zygomycetes, Dermatophytes, and Opportunitistic and Systemic Mycoses

Dematiaceous Melanizedmolds