Question 1

Which electrolyte abnormality is evident early in the course of kidney failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium 
B)  Potassium 
C)  Chloride 
D)  Phosphorus 
A)  Sodium 
B)  Potassium 
C)  Chloride 
D)  Phosphorus D

Question 2

Which electrolytes are cations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium, potassium, and chloride 
B)  Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate 
C)  Bicarbonate, chloride, and calcium 
D)  Sodium, potassium, and magnesium 
A)  Sodium, potassium, and chloride 
B)  Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate 
C)  Bicarbonate, chloride, and calcium 
D)  Sodium, potassium, and magnesium D

Question 3

When renin eventually stimulates angiotensin II,the adrenal glands then secrete what hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aldosterone 
B)  Adrenal stimulating hormone 
C)  Antidiuretic hormone 
D)  Vasopressin 
A)  Aldosterone 
B)  Adrenal stimulating hormone 
C)  Antidiuretic hormone 
D)  Vasopressin A

Question 4

Where does the concentration and dilution of urine occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the juxtamedullary nephrons 
B)  In the cortical nephrons 
C)  In the peritubular capillaries 
D)  In the internal nephron 
A)  In the juxtamedullary nephrons 
B)  In the cortical nephrons 
C)  In the peritubular capillaries 
D)  In the internal nephron

Question 5

A patient has been admitted with a severe kidney infection.The nurse suspects the patient has damage to the glomerular membrane.Which substance in the urine would confirm the nurse's suspicion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Creatinine 
B)  Bicarbonate ions 
C)  Sodium 
D)  Albumin 
A)  Creatinine 
B)  Bicarbonate ions 
C)  Sodium 
D)  Albumin

Question 6

Chloride plays a major role in maintaining what physiologic process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellular immunity 
B)  Serum osmolality 
C)  Bone strength 
D)  Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 
A)  Cellular immunity 
B)  Serum osmolality 
C)  Bone strength 
D)  Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 7

The following substances,among others,are found in a patient's urine sample: urea,creatinine,sodium,chlorine,potassium,glucose,and bicarbonate ions.Which patient situation could account for this abnormal finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure of 76/30 mm Hg 
B)  Blood glucose of 456 mg/dL 
C)  Blood glucose of 40 mg/dL 
D)  Blood potassium level of 4.1 mEq/L 
A)  Blood pressure of 76/30 mm Hg 
B)  Blood glucose of 456 mg/dL 
C)  Blood glucose of 40 mg/dL 
D)  Blood potassium level of 4.1 mEq/L

Question 8

A patient has been admitted with acute kidney injury.Which parameter would the nurse expect to find to confirm this diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased blood urea nitrogen 
B)  Bibasilar lung crackles 
C)  Peripheral edema 
D)  Decreased creatinine clearance 
A)  Decreased blood urea nitrogen 
B)  Bibasilar lung crackles 
C)  Peripheral edema 
D)  Decreased creatinine clearance

Question 9

Which condition would result in an increased release of renin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased release of angiotensin I 
B)  Increased release of angiotensin II 
C)  Increased amount of sodium in the distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Reduced pressure in the glomerulus 
A)  Increased release of angiotensin I 
B)  Increased release of angiotensin II 
C)  Increased amount of sodium in the distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Reduced pressure in the glomerulus

Question 10

What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman capsule 
B)  Glomerulus 
C)  Nephron 
D)  Distal tubule 
A)  Bowman capsule 
B)  Glomerulus 
C)  Nephron 
D)  Distal tubule

Question 11

Which statement regarding kidney function and aging is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kidney function declines with age but this usually does not affect homeostasis. 
B)  Serum creatinine rises with age due to increased catabolism of red muscle. 
C)  Glomerular filtration rate falls at a rate of 2 mL/min/year. 
D)  Older adults are less susceptible to acute kidney dysfunction but more susceptible to chronic kidney dysfunction. 
A)  Kidney function declines with age but this usually does not affect homeostasis. 
B)  Serum creatinine rises with age due to increased catabolism of red muscle. 
C)  Glomerular filtration rate falls at a rate of 2 mL/min/year. 
D)  Older adults are less susceptible to acute kidney dysfunction but more susceptible to chronic kidney dysfunction.

Question 12

Stimulation from what receptors will cause contraction of the detrusor muscle of the bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bladder wall and ureters 
B)  Bladder wall and urethra 
C)  Ureters and urethra 
D)  Urethra and bladder neck 
A)  Bladder wall and ureters 
B)  Bladder wall and urethra 
C)  Ureters and urethra 
D)  Urethra and bladder neck

Question 13

Maintaining a normal range of serum potassium is important for what physiologic process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fluid regulation 
B)  Acid-base buffering 
C)  Nervous impulse conduction 
D)  Triggering antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release 
A)  Fluid regulation 
B)  Acid-base buffering 
C)  Nervous impulse conduction 
D)  Triggering antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release

Question 14

What are the functions of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of urine 
B)  Blood pressure regulation 
C)  Erythrocyte destruction 
D)  Breakdown of prostaglandins 
E)  Regulation of acid-base balance 
A)  Formation of urine 
B)  Blood pressure regulation 
C)  Erythrocyte destruction 
D)  Breakdown of prostaglandins 
E)  Regulation of acid-base balance

Question 15

When a patient's blood pressure drops,which physiologic mechanism helps maintain adequate glomerular blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  Constriction of the afferent arteriole 
B)  Dilation of the efferent arteriole 
C)  Dilation of the collecting tubule 
D)  Constriction of the efferent arteriole 
A)  Constriction of the afferent arteriole 
B)  Dilation of the efferent arteriole 
C)  Dilation of the collecting tubule 
D)  Constriction of the efferent arteriole

Question 16

Which factors stimulate the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypovolemia 
B)  Hypernatremia 
C)  Hypothermia 
D)  Opioids 
E)  Emotional stress 
A)  Hypovolemia 
B)  Hypernatremia 
C)  Hypothermia 
D)  Opioids 
E)  Emotional stress

Question 17

The initial filtering of the blood occurs in which structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The distal tubule 
B)  The proximal tubule 
C)  The glomerulus 
D)  The collecting tubule 
A)  The distal tubule 
B)  The proximal tubule 
C)  The glomerulus 
D)  The collecting tubule

Question 18

What substance is the most responsible for maintaining the colloid osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intravascular plasma proteins 
B)  Intracellular potassium 
C)  Extracellular sodium 
D)  Interstitial potassium 
A)  Intravascular plasma proteins 
B)  Intracellular potassium 
C)  Extracellular sodium 
D)  Interstitial potassium

Question 19

Which type of intravenous fluid will not create a shift of fluids within the vascular space?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypertonic 
B)  Hypotonic 
C)  Isotonic 
D)  Osmotic pressure 
A)  Hypertonic 
B)  Hypotonic 
C)  Isotonic 
D)  Osmotic pressure

Question 20

Ammonia,hydrogen,and ammonium are secreted in what part of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loop of Henle 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Glomerulus 
D)  Proximal tubule 
A)  Loop of Henle 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Glomerulus 
D)  Proximal tubule

Exam 24: Kidney Anatomy and Physiology

Which electrolyte abnormality is evident early in the course of kidney failure?

Which electrolytes are cations?

When renin eventually stimulates angiotensin II,the adrenal glands then secrete what hormone?

Where does the concentration and dilution of urine occur?

A patient has been admitted with a severe kidney infection.The nurse suspects the patient has damage to the glomerular membrane.Which substance in the urine would confirm the nurse's suspicion?

Chloride plays a major role in maintaining what physiologic process?

The following substances,among others,are found in a patient's urine sample: urea,creatinine,sodium,chlorine,potassium,glucose,and bicarbonate ions.Which patient situation could account for this abnormal finding?

A patient has been admitted with acute kidney injury.Which parameter would the nurse expect to find to confirm this diagnosis?

Which condition would result in an increased release of renin?

What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

Which statement regarding kidney function and aging is accurate?

Stimulation from what receptors will cause contraction of the detrusor muscle of the bladder?

Maintaining a normal range of serum potassium is important for what physiologic process?

What are the functions of the kidneys?

When a patient's blood pressure drops,which physiologic mechanism helps maintain adequate glomerular blood flow?

Which factors stimulate the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

The initial filtering of the blood occurs in which structure?

What substance is the most responsible for maintaining the colloid osmotic pressure?

Which type of intravenous fluid will not create a shift of fluids within the vascular space?

Ammonia,hydrogen,and ammonium are secreted in what part of the kidney?

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