Question 1

Atelectasis can cause a shunt-producing ventilation-perfusion mismatch.Which pathophysiologic mechanism explains how this occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  An alveolus that is receiving perfusion exceeding ventilation 
B)  An alveolus that is receiving ventilation exceeding perfusion 
C)  An alveolus that is receiving ventilation but not perfusion 
D)  An alveolus that is not receiving perfusion or ventilation 
A)  An alveolus that is receiving perfusion exceeding ventilation 
B)  An alveolus that is receiving ventilation exceeding perfusion 
C)  An alveolus that is receiving ventilation but not perfusion 
D)  An alveolus that is not receiving perfusion or ventilation A

Question 2

What is the portion of total ventilation that participates in gas exchange termed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alveolar dead space 
B)  Anatomic dead space 
C)  Physiologic dead space 
D)  Alveolar ventilation 
A)  Alveolar dead space 
B)  Anatomic dead space 
C)  Physiologic dead space 
D)  Alveolar ventilation D

Question 3

The lymphatic system plays which of the following important roles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ridding lung tissue of excess CO₂ 
B)  Connecting the thebesian veins to the coronary circulation 
C)  Removing fluid from the lungs 
D)  Producing immune responses 
E)  Removing cell debris from the lungs 
A)  Ridding lung tissue of excess CO₂ 
B)  Connecting the thebesian veins to the coronary circulation 
C)  Removing fluid from the lungs 
D)  Producing immune responses 
E)  Removing cell debris from the lungs C,D,E

Question 4

What anatomic regions are considered physiologic dead space?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory bronchiole and unperfused alveoli 
B)  Trachea and perfused alveoli 
C)  Trachea and unperfused alveoli 
D)  Trachea and mainstem bronchi 
A)  Respiratory bronchiole and unperfused alveoli 
B)  Trachea and perfused alveoli 
C)  Trachea and unperfused alveoli 
D)  Trachea and mainstem bronchi

Question 5

Normally,the central chemoreceptors responsible for triggering ventilation changes respond to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased PaCO₂ 
B)  Increased HCO₃¯ 
C)  Decreased PaO₂ 
D)  Increased PaO₂ 
A)  Increased PaCO₂ 
B)  Increased HCO₃¯ 
C)  Decreased PaO₂ 
D)  Increased PaO₂

Question 6

What is the main function of the conducting airways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gas exchange 
B)  Cool the inhaled air 
C)  Remove moisture from inhaled air 
D)  Prevent the entry of foreign material 
A)  Gas exchange 
B)  Cool the inhaled air 
C)  Remove moisture from inhaled air 
D)  Prevent the entry of foreign material

Question 7

What is the most important function of type I alveolar epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They comprise 90% of total alveolar surface in the lungs for gas exchange. 
B)  The ability to produce, store, and secrete pulmonary surfactant. 
C)  The ability to trap foreign particles for auto digestion. 
D)  The maintenance, repair, and restoration of the mucociliary escalator. 
A)  They comprise 90% of total alveolar surface in the lungs for gas exchange. 
B)  The ability to produce, store, and secrete pulmonary surfactant. 
C)  The ability to trap foreign particles for auto digestion. 
D)  The maintenance, repair, and restoration of the mucociliary escalator.

Question 8

A patient has sustained a stroke and is no longer able to control his epiglottis.Why should the nurse be concerned about the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  The patient is at increased risk of aspiration. 
B)  The patient will need surgery to close his epiglottis. 
C)  The patient will need a tracheostomy to breathe. 
D)  The patient is at risk for a pneumothorax. 
A)  The patient is at increased risk of aspiration. 
B)  The patient will need surgery to close his epiglottis. 
C)  The patient will need a tracheostomy to breathe. 
D)  The patient is at risk for a pneumothorax.

Question 9

At what anatomic site does the trachea divide into the right and left mainstem bronchi?

Accepted Answer

A)  Posterior larynx 
B)  Cricoid cartilage 
C)  Epiglottis 
D)  Major carina 
A)  Posterior larynx 
B)  Cricoid cartilage 
C)  Epiglottis 
D)  Major carina

Question 10

Which statement best describes the left bronchus?

Accepted Answer

A)  The left bronchus has a slight angle of 20 to 30 degrees from the midline. 
B)  The two mainstem bronchi are structurally and functionally similar. 
C)  The left bronchus is slightly narrower. 
D)  The bronchi are the end units of the bronchial tree. 
A)  The left bronchus has a slight angle of 20 to 30 degrees from the midline. 
B)  The two mainstem bronchi are structurally and functionally similar. 
C)  The left bronchus is slightly narrower. 
D)  The bronchi are the end units of the bronchial tree.

Question 11

If a patient sustained an injury to the apneustic center in the lower pons area,in which area should the nurse most expect the patient to exhibit problems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory rate 
B)  Triggering exhalation 
C)  Respiratory rhythm 
D)  Depth of respiration 
A)  Respiratory rate 
B)  Triggering exhalation 
C)  Respiratory rhythm 
D)  Depth of respiration

Question 12

Which range would be considered normal for pulmonary artery systolic pressures?

Accepted Answer

A)  15 to 30 mm Hg 
B)  4 to 12 mm Hg 
C)  25 to 35 mm Hg 
D)  1 to 11 mm Hg 
A)  15 to 30 mm Hg 
B)  4 to 12 mm Hg 
C)  25 to 35 mm Hg 
D)  1 to 11 mm Hg

Question 13

Which V/Q ratio would most suggest intrapulmonary shunting?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.8 
B)  2.2 
C)  0.4 
D)  V/Q ratios are not related to shunting. 
A)  0.8 
B)  2.2 
C)  0.4 
D)  V/Q ratios are not related to shunting.

Question 14

Which pleura adheres to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parietal 
B)  Visceral 
C)  Intrapleural 
D)  Surfactant 
A)  Parietal 
B)  Visceral 
C)  Intrapleural 
D)  Surfactant

Question 15

Muscles of exhalation include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abdominal 
B)  Diaphragm 
C)  External intercostals 
D)  Internal intercostals 
E)  Scalene 
A)  Abdominal 
B)  Diaphragm 
C)  External intercostals 
D)  Internal intercostals 
E)  Scalene

Question 16

The lobes are divided into 18 segments.How many are on the right lung?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  8 
C)  10 
D)  15 
A)  3 
B)  8 
C)  10 
D)  15

Question 17

A patient is admitted with an acute exacerbation of asthma.Respirations are 28 breaths/min.Blood gases reveal an uncompensated respiratory acidosis.The patient's work effort for breathing is increased due to which pathophysiologic mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased lung compliance 
B)  Decreased lung recoil 
C)  Increased chest wall compliance 
D)  Increased airway resistance 
A)  Increased lung compliance 
B)  Decreased lung recoil 
C)  Increased chest wall compliance 
D)  Increased airway resistance

Question 18

Which pulmonary condition is related to a lack of surfactant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary embolus 
B)  Pulmonary hypertension 
C)  Pulmonary atelectasis 
D)  Pulmonary edema 
A)  Pulmonary embolus 
B)  Pulmonary hypertension 
C)  Pulmonary atelectasis 
D)  Pulmonary edema

Question 19

The oxygen saturation of a healthy individual rarely reaches 100% on room air.This can best be explained by what concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Physiologic shunting 
B)  Alveolar capillary diffusion 
C)  Collateral air passages 
D)  Anatomic dead space 
A)  Physiologic shunting 
B)  Alveolar capillary diffusion 
C)  Collateral air passages 
D)  Anatomic dead space

Question 20

A shift to the left of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve would cause which physiologic alteration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Better tissue perfusion 
B)  Lower SpO₂ 
C)  Decreased hemoglobin affinity for O₂ 
D)  Impaired tissue oxygen delivery 
A)  Better tissue perfusion 
B)  Lower SpO₂ 
C)  Decreased hemoglobin affinity for O₂ 
D)  Impaired tissue oxygen delivery

Exam 16: Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology

Atelectasis can cause a shunt-producing ventilation-perfusion mismatch.Which pathophysiologic mechanism explains how this occurs?

What is the portion of total ventilation that participates in gas exchange termed?

The lymphatic system plays which of the following important roles?

What anatomic regions are considered physiologic dead space?

Normally,the central chemoreceptors responsible for triggering ventilation changes respond to which of the following?

What is the main function of the conducting airways?

What is the most important function of type I alveolar epithelial cells?

A patient has sustained a stroke and is no longer able to control his epiglottis.Why should the nurse be concerned about the patient?

At what anatomic site does the trachea divide into the right and left mainstem bronchi?

Which statement best describes the left bronchus?

If a patient sustained an injury to the apneustic center in the lower pons area,in which area should the nurse most expect the patient to exhibit problems?

Which range would be considered normal for pulmonary artery systolic pressures?

Which V/Q ratio would most suggest intrapulmonary shunting?

Which pleura adheres to the lungs?

Muscles of exhalation include which of the following?

The lobes are divided into 18 segments.How many are on the right lung?

A patient is admitted with an acute exacerbation of asthma.Respirations are 28 breaths/min.Blood gases reveal an uncompensated respiratory acidosis.The patient's work effort for breathing is increased due to which pathophysiologic mechanism?

Which pulmonary condition is related to a lack of surfactant?

The oxygen saturation of a healthy individual rarely reaches 100% on room air.This can best be explained by what concept?

A shift to the left of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve would cause which physiologic alteration?

Critical Care Nursing Practice

Ethical Issues

Legal Issues

Genetic Issues

Patient and Family Education

Psychosocial and Spiritual Alterations and Management

Nutrition Alterations and Management

Pain and Pain Management

Sedation,Agitation,and Delirium Management

End-Of-Life Care

Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology

Cardiovascular Clinical Assessment

Cardiovascular Diagnostic Procedures

Cardiovascular Disorders

Cardiovascular Therapeutic Management

Pulmonary Clinical Assessment

Pulmonary Diagnostic Procedures

Pulmonary Disorders

Pulmonary Therapeutic Management

Neurologic Anatomy and Physiology

Neurologic Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

Neurologic Disorders and Therapeutic Management

Kidney Anatomy and Physiology

Kidney Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

Kidney Disorders and Therapeutic Management

Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology

Gastrointestinal Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

Gastrointestinal Disorders and Therapeutic Management

Endocrine Anatomy and Physiology

Endocrine Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

Endocrine Disorders and Therapeutic Management

Trauma

Shock,sepsis,and Multiple-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Burns

Organ Donation and Transplantation

Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies

The Obstetric Patient

The Pediatric Patient

The Older Adult Patient

The Perianesthesia Patient

Filters