Question 1

What type of diet would be appropriate for a patient with hypertension after a myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Three meals a day with two snacks 
B)  Low-protein diet 
C)  Low-salt, low-cholesterol diet 
D)  High-carbohydrate diet 
A)  Three meals a day with two snacks 
B)  Low-protein diet 
C)  Low-salt, low-cholesterol diet 
D)  High-carbohydrate diet C

Question 2

A tracheostomy patient is experiencing regurgitation of tube feeding formula.What should be the nurse's first priority?

Accepted Answer

A)  Checking to make sure the tracheostomy cuff is inflated during tube feedings 
B)  Placing the patient in the right lateral decubitus position to promote gastric emptying 
C)  Discussing the use of metoclopramide to facilitate gastric motility with the practitioner 
D)  Placing the patient in prone position to improve draining from mouth 
A)  Checking to make sure the tracheostomy cuff is inflated during tube feedings 
B)  Placing the patient in the right lateral decubitus position to promote gastric emptying 
C)  Discussing the use of metoclopramide to facilitate gastric motility with the practitioner 
D)  Placing the patient in prone position to improve draining from mouth A

Question 3

What nutritional alteration is most frequently encountered in hospitalized patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory quotient (RQ) 
B)  Protein-calorie malnutrition 
C)  Fat-calorie malnutrition 
D)  Gluconeogenesis 
A)  Respiratory quotient (RQ) 
B)  Protein-calorie malnutrition 
C)  Fat-calorie malnutrition 
D)  Gluconeogenesis B

Question 4

What intervention should be included in a nutrition plan for a patient with hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreasing carbohydrates 
B)  Limiting salt 
C)  Increasing protein 
D)  Increasing fluids 
A)  Decreasing carbohydrates 
B)  Limiting salt 
C)  Increasing protein 
D)  Increasing fluids

Question 5

Which of the following nutritional interventions is a priority for the patient with renal disease who is receiving dialysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase fluids to replace losses. 
B)  Encourage potassium-rich foods to replace losses. 
C)  Ensure an adequate amount of protein to prevent catabolism. 
D)  Limit all nutrients to account for altered renal excretion. 
A)  Increase fluids to replace losses. 
B)  Encourage potassium-rich foods to replace losses. 
C)  Ensure an adequate amount of protein to prevent catabolism. 
D)  Limit all nutrients to account for altered renal excretion.

Question 6

A patient is admitted with severe malnutrition.A central venous catheter is placed in the right subclavian vein and total parenteral nutrition (TPN)is started.For which complication should the patient be evaluated immediately after insertion of the catheter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumothorax 
B)  Hypoglycemia 
C)  Central venous thrombosis 
D)  Pulmonary aspiration 
A)  Pneumothorax 
B)  Hypoglycemia 
C)  Central venous thrombosis 
D)  Pulmonary aspiration

Question 7

Biochemical and clinical data play an important role in assessing a patient's nutritional status.What laboratory and clinical findings may be present in the patient with cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and transferrin 
B)  Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and decreased subcutaneous fat 
C)  Elevated sodium levels and a soft, fatty liver on palpation 
D)  Normal triglyceride levels and the presence of S3 on auscultation 
A)  Low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and transferrin 
B)  Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and decreased subcutaneous fat 
C)  Elevated sodium levels and a soft, fatty liver on palpation 
D)  Normal triglyceride levels and the presence of S3 on auscultation

Question 8

A patient is mechanically ventilated and is receiving enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube.Which intervention should be included the patient's plan of care to prevent clogging of the feeding tube?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flush the tube with gastric juice every 8 hours. 
B)  Obtain an order for a prokinetic agent to stimulate gastric emptying. 
C)  Irrigate the tube with water before and after administration of any medication. 
D)  Add crushed medications to the enteral feeding formula. 
A)  Flush the tube with gastric juice every 8 hours. 
B)  Obtain an order for a prokinetic agent to stimulate gastric emptying. 
C)  Irrigate the tube with water before and after administration of any medication. 
D)  Add crushed medications to the enteral feeding formula.

Question 9

Which signs would alert the nurse to possible nutritional alterations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Impaired wound healing 
B)  Edema 
C)  Nail growth 
D)  Muscle atrophy 
E)  Diaphoresis 
A)  Impaired wound healing 
B)  Edema 
C)  Nail growth 
D)  Muscle atrophy 
E)  Diaphoresis

Question 10

Patients with coronary artery disease should be taught about cholesterol.Which situation is most desirable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 
B)  Low levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 
C)  Hypocholesterolemia 
D)  Low levels of both HDL and LDL cholesterol 
A)  Low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 
B)  Low levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 
C)  Hypocholesterolemia 
D)  Low levels of both HDL and LDL cholesterol

Question 11

A patient is admitted with severe malnutrition.A central venous catheter is placed in the right subclavian vein and total parenteral nutrition (TPN)is started.What medical interventions may be initiated with the onset of hyperglycemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Discontinuing the infusion 
B)  Adding insulin to the TPN 
C)  Weaning from the TPN over a 6-hour period 
D)  Starting an infusion of 0.9% normal saline 
A)  Discontinuing the infusion 
B)  Adding insulin to the TPN 
C)  Weaning from the TPN over a 6-hour period 
D)  Starting an infusion of 0.9% normal saline

Question 12

The loss of exocrine function of pancreatitis results in what disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anorexia 
B)  Obesity 
C)  Malabsorption 
D)  Hyperglycemia 
A)  Anorexia 
B)  Obesity 
C)  Malabsorption 
D)  Hyperglycemia

Question 13

A patient on mechanical ventilation is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN).Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excessive calorie intake can cause an increase in PaCO₂. 
B)  The patient's head should remain elevated at 45 degrees to avoid aspiration. 
C)  Lipid intake should be maintained at greater than 2 g/kg/day. 
D)  TPN is preferred over the use of enteral feeding to avoid the complication of aspiration. 
A)  Excessive calorie intake can cause an increase in PaCO₂. 
B)  The patient's head should remain elevated at 45 degrees to avoid aspiration. 
C)  Lipid intake should be maintained at greater than 2 g/kg/day. 
D)  TPN is preferred over the use of enteral feeding to avoid the complication of aspiration.

Question 14

The patient is receiving corticosteroid treatment for neurologic alterations.The patient should be routinely monitored for what common complication of this type of therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyponatremia 
B)  Hyperalbuminemia 
C)  Hyperkalemia 
D)  Hyperglycemia 
A)  Hyponatremia 
B)  Hyperalbuminemia 
C)  Hyperkalemia 
D)  Hyperglycemia

Question 15

The nursing management plan for a patient at risk for aspiration should include which intervention?

Accepted Answer

A)  Administer intermittent feedings 
B)  Add thickening agents to the tube feeding solution 
C)  Suction the patient hourly 
D)  Elevate the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees 
A)  Administer intermittent feedings 
B)  Add thickening agents to the tube feeding solution 
C)  Suction the patient hourly 
D)  Elevate the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees

Question 16

A patient with heart failure is placed on a sodium and fluid restriction.What is the purpose of this order?

Accepted Answer

A)  To enhance the metabolize of medications 
B)  To normalize the patient's weight 
C)  To reduce cardiac workload 
D)  To decrease serum lipids 
A)  To enhance the metabolize of medications 
B)  To normalize the patient's weight 
C)  To reduce cardiac workload 
D)  To decrease serum lipids

Question 17

A patient with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus is to be started on enteral tube feeding.What type of formula would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Whole proteins and glucose polymers 
B)  Concentrated in calories 
C)  Low sodium 
D)  High fat, low carbohydrate 
A)  Whole proteins and glucose polymers 
B)  Concentrated in calories 
C)  Low sodium 
D)  High fat, low carbohydrate

Question 18

Two types of protein-caloric malnutrition are kwashiorkor and marasmus.What physiologic changes are associated with Kwashiorkor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Weight loss and muscle wasting 
B)  Low levels of serum proteins, low lymphocyte count, and hair loss 
C)  Elevated serum albumin and increased creatinine excretion in the urine 
D)  Hyperpigmentation and a hard, easily palpated liver margin 
A)  Weight loss and muscle wasting 
B)  Low levels of serum proteins, low lymphocyte count, and hair loss 
C)  Elevated serum albumin and increased creatinine excretion in the urine 
D)  Hyperpigmentation and a hard, easily palpated liver margin

Question 19

Most of the energy produced from carbohydrate metabolism is used to form what substance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Galactose 
B)  Glycogen 
C)  Adenosine triphosphate 
D)  Antibodies 
A)  Galactose 
B)  Glycogen 
C)  Adenosine triphosphate 
D)  Antibodies

Question 20

A patient who has sustained a head injury has increased nutritional needs related to what physiologic mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased metabolism as a result of coma 
B)  Decreased blood sugar from a lack of dietary supplementation 
C)  Anabolism and wound healing 
D)  Hypermetabolism and catabolism associated with the injury 
A)  Decreased metabolism as a result of coma 
B)  Decreased blood sugar from a lack of dietary supplementation 
C)  Anabolism and wound healing 
D)  Hypermetabolism and catabolism associated with the injury

Exam 7: Nutrition Alterations and Management

What type of diet would be appropriate for a patient with hypertension after a myocardial infarction?

A tracheostomy patient is experiencing regurgitation of tube feeding formula.What should be the nurse's first priority?

What nutritional alteration is most frequently encountered in hospitalized patients?

What intervention should be included in a nutrition plan for a patient with hypertension?

Which of the following nutritional interventions is a priority for the patient with renal disease who is receiving dialysis?

A patient is admitted with severe malnutrition.A central venous catheter is placed in the right subclavian vein and total parenteral nutrition (TPN)is started.For which complication should the patient be evaluated immediately after insertion of the catheter?

Biochemical and clinical data play an important role in assessing a patient's nutritional status.What laboratory and clinical findings may be present in the patient with cardiovascular disease?

A patient is mechanically ventilated and is receiving enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube.Which intervention should be included the patient's plan of care to prevent clogging of the feeding tube?

Which signs would alert the nurse to possible nutritional alterations?

Patients with coronary artery disease should be taught about cholesterol.Which situation is most desirable?

A patient is admitted with severe malnutrition.A central venous catheter is placed in the right subclavian vein and total parenteral nutrition (TPN)is started.What medical interventions may be initiated with the onset of hyperglycemia?

The loss of exocrine function of pancreatitis results in what disorder?

A patient on mechanical ventilation is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN).Which statement is true?

The patient is receiving corticosteroid treatment for neurologic alterations.The patient should be routinely monitored for what common complication of this type of therapy?

The nursing management plan for a patient at risk for aspiration should include which intervention?

A patient with heart failure is placed on a sodium and fluid restriction.What is the purpose of this order?

A patient with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus is to be started on enteral tube feeding.What type of formula would be most appropriate?

Two types of protein-caloric malnutrition are kwashiorkor and marasmus.What physiologic changes are associated with Kwashiorkor?

Most of the energy produced from carbohydrate metabolism is used to form what substance?

A patient who has sustained a head injury has increased nutritional needs related to what physiologic mechanism?

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