Question 1

Nursing ethics committees often differ from institutional ethics committees in what way?

Accepted Answer

A)  They do not involve specific client situations. 
B)  Their recommendations for action are binding. 
C)  Staff education is an important component. 
D)  Their primary role is to create policies for the hospital on ethical issues. 
A)  They do not involve specific client situations. 
B)  Their recommendations for action are binding. 
C)  Staff education is an important component. 
D)  Their primary role is to create policies for the hospital on ethical issues. C

Question 2

In the ethical decision-making process,after the identification of alternative options has been established,

Accepted Answer

A)  an outcome for each action must be predicted. 
B)  the team must determine which options to present to the patient or family. 
C)  the choice of one option compromises the option not chosen. 
D)  "no action" is not an option in this step of the decision-making process. 
A)  an outcome for each action must be predicted. 
B)  the team must determine which options to present to the patient or family. 
C)  the choice of one option compromises the option not chosen. 
D)  "no action" is not an option in this step of the decision-making process. A

Question 3

Place the following steps in ethical decision making in the order in which they should be carried out:
1)Identify the health problem.
2)Implement decisions.
3)Identify the decision maker.
4)Define the ethical issue.
5)Evaluate actions and decisions.
6)Gather additional information.
7)Examine moral and ethical principles.
8)Explore alternative options.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 3, 2, 5 
B)  1, 4, 3, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 
C)  1, 4, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 
D)  4, 1, 3, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 
A)  1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 3, 2, 5 
B)  1, 4, 3, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 
C)  1, 4, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 
D)  4, 1, 3, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 A

Question 4

Which of the following contribute to the issues of the complexity to allocate health care availability and cost?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased number of physicians 
B)  Expanded technologies 
C)  Retirement of the baby boomers 
D)  Limited access to insurance 
E)  Escalating health care costs
F) Increases in special health care needs
G) Decreased number of qualified health care personnel
H) Increase in the drug manufacturing industry 
A)  Increased number of physicians 
B)  Expanded technologies 
C)  Retirement of the baby boomers 
D)  Limited access to insurance 
E)  Escalating health care costs
F) Increases in special health care needs
G) Decreased number of qualified health care personnel
H) Increase in the drug manufacturing industry

Question 5

Values clarification can assist the client to clarify his or her own values to facilitate effective decision making.Which of the following nursing activities is incorporated into this intervention?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoid the use of open-ended questions. 
B)  Use multiple sessions to cross-examine the client to ensure he or she is clear about personal values. 
C)  Use appropriate questions to assist the client in reflecting on the situation and what is personally important. 
D)  Encourage members of the health care team to relate how they would make the decision. 
A)  Avoid the use of open-ended questions. 
B)  Use multiple sessions to cross-examine the client to ensure he or she is clear about personal values. 
C)  Use appropriate questions to assist the client in reflecting on the situation and what is personally important. 
D)  Encourage members of the health care team to relate how they would make the decision.

Question 6

Institutional ethics committees (IECs)review ethical cases that are problematic for the practitioner.Major functions of IECs include

Accepted Answer

A)  consultation with purely binding recommendations. 
B)  support and education to health care providers. 
C)  conflict resolution for moral dilemmas. 
D)  recommendations that are binding in all cases. 
A)  consultation with purely binding recommendations. 
B)  support and education to health care providers. 
C)  conflict resolution for moral dilemmas. 
D)  recommendations that are binding in all cases.

Question 7

Fidelity includes faithfulness and promise-keeping to clients,and it incorporates the added concepts of

Accepted Answer

A)  confidentiality and privacy. 
B)  truth and reflection. 
C)  autonomy and paternalism. 
D)  beneficence and nonmaleficence. 
A)  confidentiality and privacy. 
B)  truth and reflection. 
C)  autonomy and paternalism. 
D)  beneficence and nonmaleficence.

Question 8

Failures and inadequacies in the health care facility's operation and organization are often misinterpreted as ethical issues.These issues are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  systems problems. 
B)  social problems. 
C)  ethical issues. 
D)  governmental problems. 
A)  systems problems. 
B)  social problems. 
C)  ethical issues. 
D)  governmental problems.

Question 9

The difference between withholding treatment and withdrawing treatment is that the decision to withhold treatment

Accepted Answer

A)  is used when it has been determined that there is no hope for success from the onset of care. 
B)  reflects surrendering hope after all options have been unsuccessful. 
C)  requires a court order. 
D)  is an economical decision not a moral or ethical decision. 
A)  is used when it has been determined that there is no hope for success from the onset of care. 
B)  reflects surrendering hope after all options have been unsuccessful. 
C)  requires a court order. 
D)  is an economical decision not a moral or ethical decision.

Question 10

Which statement best reflects the concept of allocation of resources within the critical care setting?

Accepted Answer

A)  Limitations of resources force reexamination of goals of critical care for clients. 
B)  Care is provided equally to all those who need the resources. 
C)  Equal access is available for those with the same condition or diagnosis. 
D)  Technologic advances are available to most of those in a given community. 
A)  Limitations of resources force reexamination of goals of critical care for clients. 
B)  Care is provided equally to all those who need the resources. 
C)  Equal access is available for those with the same condition or diagnosis. 
D)  Technologic advances are available to most of those in a given community.

Question 11

A client's wife has been informed by the physician that her spouse has a permanent C2-C3 spinal injury,which has resulted in permanent quadriplegia.The wife states that she does not want the physician or nursing staff to tell the client about his injury.The client is awake,alert,and oriented when he asks his nurse to tell him what has happened.The nurse has conflicting emotions about how to handle the situation and is experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomy. 
B)  moral distress. 
C)  moral doubt. 
D)  moral courage. 
A)  autonomy. 
B)  moral distress. 
C)  moral doubt. 
D)  moral courage.

Question 12

Ethical decisions are best made by

Accepted Answer

A)  following the guidelines of a framework or model. 
B)  having the client discuss alternatives with the physician or nurse. 
C)  prioritizing the greatest good for the greatest number of persons. 
D)  careful consideration by the Ethics Committee after all diagnostic data are reviewed. 
A)  following the guidelines of a framework or model. 
B)  having the client discuss alternatives with the physician or nurse. 
C)  prioritizing the greatest good for the greatest number of persons. 
D)  careful consideration by the Ethics Committee after all diagnostic data are reviewed.

Question 13

A client's wife has been informed by the physician that her spouse has a permanent C2-C3 spinal injury,which has resulted in permanent quadriplegia.The wife states that she does not want the physician or nursing staff to tell the client about his injury.The client is awake,alert,and oriented when he asks his nurse to tell him what has happened.Based on which ethical principles does the nurse answer the patient's questions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Veracity 
B)  Justice 
C)  Autonomy 
D)  Nonmaleficence 
A)  Veracity 
B)  Justice 
C)  Autonomy 
D)  Nonmaleficence

Question 14

The first step of the ethical decision-making process is

Accepted Answer

A)  consulting with an authority. 
B)  identifying the health problem. 
C)  delineating the ethical problem from other types of problems. 
D)  identifying the client as the primary decision maker. 
A)  consulting with an authority. 
B)  identifying the health problem. 
C)  delineating the ethical problem from other types of problems. 
D)  identifying the client as the primary decision maker.

Question 15

Critical care nurses can best enhance the principle of autonomy by

Accepted Answer

A)  presenting only the information to prevent relapse in a patient. 
B)  assisting with only tasks that cannot be done by the patient. 
C)  providing the patient with all of the information and facts. 
D)  guiding the patient toward the best choices for care. 
A)  presenting only the information to prevent relapse in a patient. 
B)  assisting with only tasks that cannot be done by the patient. 
C)  providing the patient with all of the information and facts. 
D)  guiding the patient toward the best choices for care.

Question 16

When deciding whether to withdraw or withhold treatment,it is important to

Accepted Answer

A)  examine one's own beliefs to guide the family to a correct decision. 
B)  approach the family with honesty and provide clear information. 
C)  simply follow the advance directive if available. 
D)  allow the physician to approach the family. 
A)  examine one's own beliefs to guide the family to a correct decision. 
B)  approach the family with honesty and provide clear information. 
C)  simply follow the advance directive if available. 
D)  allow the physician to approach the family.

Question 17

Which of the following is/are criteria for defining an ethical dilemma?

Accepted Answer

A)  An awareness of different options 
B)  An issue in which only one viable option exists 
C)  The choice of one option compromises the option not chosen 
D)  An issue that has different options 
A)  An awareness of different options 
B)  An issue in which only one viable option exists 
C)  The choice of one option compromises the option not chosen 
D)  An issue that has different options

Question 18

The difference between ethics and morals is that ethics

Accepted Answer

A)  is more concerned with the "why" of behavior. 
B)  provides a framework for evaluation of the behavior. 
C)  is broader in scope than morals. 
D)  concentrates on the right or wrong behavior based on religion and culture values. 
A)  is more concerned with the "why" of behavior. 
B)  provides a framework for evaluation of the behavior. 
C)  is broader in scope than morals. 
D)  concentrates on the right or wrong behavior based on religion and culture values.

Question 19

The Code of Ethics for Nursing provides a framework for the nurse in ethical decision making and

Accepted Answer

A)  is usurped by state or federal laws. 
B)  allows the nurse to focus on the good of society rather than the uniqueness of the client. 
C)  was recently adopted by the American Nurses Association. 
D)  provides society with a set of expectations of the profession. 
A)  is usurped by state or federal laws. 
B)  allows the nurse to focus on the good of society rather than the uniqueness of the client. 
C)  was recently adopted by the American Nurses Association. 
D)  provides society with a set of expectations of the profession.

Question 20

Which of the following ethical principles is most important when soliciting informed consent from a client?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonmaleficence 
B)  Fidelity 
C)  Beneficence 
D)  Veracity 
A)  Nonmaleficence 
B)  Fidelity 
C)  Beneficence 
D)  Veracity

Exam 2: Ethical Issues

Nursing ethics committees often differ from institutional ethics committees in what way?

In the ethical decision-making process,after the identification of alternative options has been established,

Which of the following contribute to the issues of the complexity to allocate health care availability and cost?

Values clarification can assist the client to clarify his or her own values to facilitate effective decision making.Which of the following nursing activities is incorporated into this intervention?

Institutional ethics committees (IECs)review ethical cases that are problematic for the practitioner.Major functions of IECs include

Fidelity includes faithfulness and promise-keeping to clients,and it incorporates the added concepts of

Failures and inadequacies in the health care facility's operation and organization are often misinterpreted as ethical issues.These issues are known as

The difference between withholding treatment and withdrawing treatment is that the decision to withhold treatment

Which statement best reflects the concept of allocation of resources within the critical care setting?

Ethical decisions are best made by

The first step of the ethical decision-making process is

Critical care nurses can best enhance the principle of autonomy by

When deciding whether to withdraw or withhold treatment,it is important to

Which of the following is/are criteria for defining an ethical dilemma?

The difference between ethics and morals is that ethics

The Code of Ethics for Nursing provides a framework for the nurse in ethical decision making and

Which of the following ethical principles is most important when soliciting informed consent from a client?

Critical Care Nursing Practice

Legal Issues

Genetics and Genomics in Critical Care

Patient and Family Education

Psychosocial and Spiritual Alterations and Management

Sleep Alterations and Management

Nutrition Alterations and Management

Pain and Pain Management

Sedation,Agitation,Delirium: Assessment and Management

End-Of-Life Issues

Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology

Cardiovascular Clinical Assessment

Cardiovascular Diagnostic Procedures

Cardiovascular Disorders

Cardiovascular Therapeutic Management

Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology

Pulmonary Clinical Assessment

Pulmonary Diagnostic Procedures

Pulmonary Disorders

Pulmonary Therapeutic Management

Neurologic Anatomy and Physiology

Neurologic Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

Neurologic Disorders and Therapeutic Management

Kidney Anatomy and Physiology

Kidney Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

Kidney Disorders and Therapeutic Management

Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology

Gastrointestinal Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

Gastrointestinal Disorders and Therapeutic Management

Endocrine Anatomy and Physiology

Endocrine Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

Endocrine Disorders and Therapeutic Management

Trauma

Shock,sepsis,and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Burns

Organ Donation and Transplantation

Hematologic Disorders and Oncologic Emergencies

The Obstetric Patient

The Pediatric Patient

The Older Adult Patient

The Perianesthesia Patient

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