Question 1

Which of the following antibiotics is recommended for use against gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) polyenes 
B) bacitracin 
C) cephalosporin 
D) penicillin 
E) polymyxin 
A) polyenes 
B) bacitracin 
C) cephalosporin 
D) penicillin 
E) polymyxin

Question 2

Which of the following antibiotics does NOT interfere with cell wall synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) cephalosporins 
B) macrolides 
C) natural penicillins 
D) semisynthetic penicillins 
E) vancomycin 
A) cephalosporins 
B) macrolides 
C) natural penicillins 
D) semisynthetic penicillins 
E) vancomycin

Question 3

Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others?

Accepted Answer

A) bacitracin 
B) cephalosporin 
C) monobactam 
D) penicillin 
E) streptomycin 
A) bacitracin 
B) cephalosporin 
C) monobactam 
D) penicillin 
E) streptomycin

Question 4

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Fluoroquinolone inhibits DNA synthesis. 
B) Acyclovir inhibits DNA synthesis. 
C) Amantadine inhibits the release of viral nucleic acid. 
D) Interferon inhibits glycolysis. 
E) Azoles inhibit plasma membrane synthesis. 
A) Fluoroquinolone inhibits DNA synthesis. 
B) Acyclovir inhibits DNA synthesis. 
C) Amantadine inhibits the release of viral nucleic acid. 
D) Interferon inhibits glycolysis. 
E) Azoles inhibit plasma membrane synthesis.

Question 5

Table 20.2
The following results were obtained from a disk-diffusion test for microbial susceptibility to antibiotics.Staphylococcus aureus was the test organism.
 $$\begin{array} { | c | c | } 
\hline \text { Antibiotic } & \text { Zone of Inhibition } \
\hline \text { A } & 3 \mathrm {~mm} \
\hline \text { B } & 7 \mathrm {~mm} \
\hline \text { C } & 0 \mathrm {~mm} \
\hline \text { D } & 10 \mathrm {~mm} \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-In Table 20.2,the most effective antibiotic tested was

Accepted Answer

A) A. 
B) B. 
C) C. 
D) D. 
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A) A. 
B) B. 
C) C. 
D) D. 
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 6

Which one of the following anti-protozoan drugs was a traditional Chinese medicine for controlling fevers,but which has also exhibited useful anti-malarial properties?

Accepted Answer

A) Quinacrine 
B) Metronidazole 
C) Miltefosine 
D) Mebendazole 
E) Artemisinin 
A) Quinacrine 
B) Metronidazole 
C) Miltefosine 
D) Mebendazole 
E) Artemisinin

Question 7

More than half of our antibiotics are

Accepted Answer

A) produced by fungi. 
B) produced by bacteria. 
C) synthesized in laboratories. 
D) produced by Fleming. 
E) produced by eukaryotic organisms. 
A) produced by fungi. 
B) produced by bacteria. 
C) synthesized in laboratories. 
D) produced by Fleming. 
E) produced by eukaryotic organisms.

Question 8

Which of the following would be selective against the tubercle bacillus?

Accepted Answer

A) bacitracin - inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis 
B) ethambutol - inhibits mycolic acid synthesis 
C) streptogramin - inhibits protein synthesis 
D) streptomycin - inhibits protein synthesis 
E) vancomycin - inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis 
A) bacitracin - inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis 
B) ethambutol - inhibits mycolic acid synthesis 
C) streptogramin - inhibits protein synthesis 
D) streptomycin - inhibits protein synthesis 
E) vancomycin - inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 9

The antibiotic actinomycin D binds between adjacent G-C pairs,thus interfering with

Accepted Answer

A) transcription. 
B) translation. 
C) cellular respiration. 
D) plasma membrane function. 
E) peptide bond formation. 
A) transcription. 
B) translation. 
C) cellular respiration. 
D) plasma membrane function. 
E) peptide bond formation.

Question 10

Undergrowth of fungi after antibiotic use is commonly referred to as a superinfection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Explain why penicillin was called the "miracle drug" when it was first used in the 1940s.

Accepted Answer

Penicillin was called the "miracle drug"

Question 12

Drug resistance occurs

Accepted Answer

A) because bacteria are normal microbiota. 
B) when antibiotics are used indiscriminately. 
C) against antibiotics and not against synthetic chemotherapeutic agents. 
D) when antibiotics are taken after the symptoms disappear. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) because bacteria are normal microbiota. 
B) when antibiotics are used indiscriminately. 
C) against antibiotics and not against synthetic chemotherapeutic agents. 
D) when antibiotics are taken after the symptoms disappear. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

Which of the following antibiotics causes misreading of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) aminoglycoside - changes shape of 30S units 
B) chloramphenicol - inhibits peptide bonds at 50S subunit 
C) oxazolidinone - prevents formation of 70S ribosome 
D) streptogamin - prevents release of peptide from 70S ribosome 
E) tetracyclines - bind with 30S subunit 
A) aminoglycoside - changes shape of 30S units 
B) chloramphenicol - inhibits peptide bonds at 50S subunit 
C) oxazolidinone - prevents formation of 70S ribosome 
D) streptogamin - prevents release of peptide from 70S ribosome 
E) tetracyclines - bind with 30S subunit

Question 14

Niclosamide prevents ATP generation in mitochondria.You would expect this drug to be effective against

Accepted Answer

A) gram-negative bacteria. 
B) gram-positive bacteria. 
C) helminths. 
D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
E) viruses. 
A) gram-negative bacteria. 
B) gram-positive bacteria. 
C) helminths. 
D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
E) viruses.

Question 15

If you tested a 2nd strain of S.aureus with the same method and concentrations of drugs as indicated in Table 20.2,but you found that the zone of inhibition caused by drug D had dropped to 2 mm,what does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) The 2nd strain of bacteria is likely resistant to drug D. 
B) The 2nd strain of bacteria is much more sensitive to drug D. 
C) The experiment wasn't conducted properly,and is giving inaccurate results. 
D) There is no functional difference between how the 2 strains react to the drug. 
A) The 2nd strain of bacteria is likely resistant to drug D. 
B) The 2nd strain of bacteria is much more sensitive to drug D. 
C) The experiment wasn't conducted properly,and is giving inaccurate results. 
D) There is no functional difference between how the 2 strains react to the drug.

Question 16

Figure 20.2
  
-In Figure 20.2,chloramphenicol binds to the 50S ribosome subunit.What effect would occur if this drug is administered to a eukaryote?

Accepted Answer

A) Nothing - eukaryotes have a 60S large ribosomal subunit,not a 50S. 
B) The drug would effectively shut down protein synthesis in the eukaryote. 
C) The drug would bind instead to the 30S ribosome subunit,but still shut down protein synthesis. 
D) The drug would bind to the 50S ribosome subunit,but at a different location,and protein synthesis would continue. 
A) Nothing - eukaryotes have a 60S large ribosomal subunit,not a 50S. 
B) The drug would effectively shut down protein synthesis in the eukaryote. 
C) The drug would bind instead to the 30S ribosome subunit,but still shut down protein synthesis. 
D) The drug would bind to the 50S ribosome subunit,but at a different location,and protein synthesis would continue.

Question 17

Community-acquired MRSA is typically less virulent than healthcare-associated MRSA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A) Ehrlich - "magic bullet" theory 
B) Fleming - initial identification of penicillin's effect on gram-positive microbial growth 
C) Florey and Chain - identification of Penicillium as the producer of penicillin 
D) Kirby and Bauer - disc-diffusion method 
E) None of these is mismatched. 
A) Ehrlich - "magic bullet" theory 
B) Fleming - initial identification of penicillin's effect on gram-positive microbial growth 
C) Florey and Chain - identification of Penicillium as the producer of penicillin 
D) Kirby and Bauer - disc-diffusion method 
E) None of these is mismatched.

Question 19

Figure 20.3  
The substrate for transpeptidase used to synthesize peptidoglycan is shown in Figure 20.3.Which of the drugs shown would inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e

Question 20

Which of the following methods of action would be bacteriostatic?

Accepted Answer

A) competitive inhibition with folic acid synthesis 
B) inhibition of protein synthesis 
C) injury to plasma membrane 
D) inhibition of cell wall synthesis 
E) competitive inhibition with DNA gyrase 
A) competitive inhibition with folic acid synthesis 
B) inhibition of protein synthesis 
C) injury to plasma membrane 
D) inhibition of cell wall synthesis 
E) competitive inhibition with DNA gyrase

Exam 20: Antimicrobial Drugs

Which of the following antibiotics is recommended for use against gram-negative bacteria?

Which of the following antibiotics does NOT interfere with cell wall synthesis?

Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Table 20.2 The following results were obtained from a disk-diffusion test for microbial susceptibility to antibiotics.Staphylococcus aureus was the test organism. Antibiotic Zone of Inhibition A 3 B 7 C 0 D 10 -In Table 20.2,the most effective antibiotic tested was

Which one of the following anti-protozoan drugs was a traditional Chinese medicine for controlling fevers,but which has also exhibited useful anti-malarial properties?

More than half of our antibiotics are

Which of the following would be selective against the tubercle bacillus?

The antibiotic actinomycin D binds between adjacent G-C pairs,thus interfering with

Undergrowth of fungi after antibiotic use is commonly referred to as a superinfection.

Explain why penicillin was called the "miracle drug" when it was first used in the 1940s.

Drug resistance occurs

Which of the following antibiotics causes misreading of mRNA?

Niclosamide prevents ATP generation in mitochondria.You would expect this drug to be effective against

If you tested a 2nd strain of S.aureus with the same method and concentrations of drugs as indicated in Table 20.2,but you found that the zone of inhibition caused by drug D had dropped to 2 mm,what does this indicate?

Figure 20.2 -In Figure 20.2,chloramphenicol binds to the 50S ribosome subunit.What effect would occur if this drug is administered to a eukaryote?

Community-acquired MRSA is typically less virulent than healthcare-associated MRSA.

Which of the following is mismatched?

Figure 20.3 The substrate for transpeptidase used to synthesize peptidoglycan is shown in Figure 20.3.Which of the drugs shown would inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis?

Which of the following methods of action would be bacteriostatic?

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, algae, protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses,viroids,and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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