Question 1

Why do eukaryotes generate only about 36 ATP per glucose in aerobic respiration but prokaryotes may generate about 38 ATP?

Accepted Answer

A) eukaryotes have a less efficient electron transport system. 
B) eukaryotes do not transport as much hydrogen across the mitochondrial membrane as prokaryotes do across the cytoplasmic membrane. 
C) eukaryotes must shuttle pyruvate across the mitochondrial membrane by active transport. 
D) eukaryotes do not completely oxidize glucose in their respiration reactions. 
E) prokaryotes possess an alternate to the Krebs cycle that generates more reduced electron.carriers. 
A) eukaryotes have a less efficient electron transport system. 
B) eukaryotes do not transport as much hydrogen across the mitochondrial membrane as prokaryotes do across the cytoplasmic membrane. 
C) eukaryotes must shuttle pyruvate across the mitochondrial membrane by active transport. 
D) eukaryotes do not completely oxidize glucose in their respiration reactions. 
E) prokaryotes possess an alternate to the Krebs cycle that generates more reduced electron.carriers.

Question 2

Which of the following uses glucose for carbon and energy?

Accepted Answer

A) chemoautotroph 
B) chemoheterotroph 
C) photoautotroph 
D) photoheterotroph 
A) chemoautotroph 
B) chemoheterotroph 
C) photoautotroph 
D) photoheterotroph

Question 3

Which organism is NOT correctly matched to its energy source?

Accepted Answer

A) photoheterotroph - light 
B) photoautotroph - CO₂ 
C) chemoautotroph - Fe²⁺ 
D) chemoheterotroph - glucose 
E) chemoautotroph - NH₃ 
A) photoheterotroph - light 
B) photoautotroph - CO₂ 
C) chemoautotroph - Fe²⁺ 
D) chemoheterotroph - glucose 
E) chemoautotroph - NH₃

Question 4

In noncyclic photophosphorylation,O₂ is released from

Accepted Answer

A) CO₂. 
B) 2H₂O. 
C) C₆H₁₂O₆. 
D) sunlight. 
E) chlorophyll. 
A) CO₂. 
B) 2H₂O. 
C) C₆H₁₂O₆. 
D) sunlight. 
E) chlorophyll.

Question 5

Figure 5.3  
-How would a noncompetitive inhibitor interfere with a reaction involving the enzyme shown in Figure 5.3?

Accepted Answer

A) It would bind to a. 
B) It would bind to b. 
C) It would bind to c. 
D) It would bind to d. 
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A) It would bind to a. 
B) It would bind to b. 
C) It would bind to c. 
D) It would bind to d. 
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 6

Streptococcus lacks an electron transport chain.How does this bacterium reoxidize NADH? Where is the NADH formed?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus is a genus of bacteria tha

Question 7

Which of the following compounds is NOT an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A) dehydrogenase 
B) cellulase 
C) coenzyme A 
D) β-galactosidase 
E) sucrase 
A) dehydrogenase 
B) cellulase 
C) coenzyme A 
D) β-galactosidase 
E) sucrase

Question 8

Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A) the partial reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid 
B) the partial oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors 
C) the complete catabolism of glucose to CO₂ and H₂O 
D) the production of energy by oxidative-level phosphorylation 
E) the production of energy by both substrate and oxidative phosphorylation 
A) the partial reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid 
B) the partial oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors 
C) the complete catabolism of glucose to CO₂ and H₂O 
D) the production of energy by oxidative-level phosphorylation 
E) the production of energy by both substrate and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 9

Once an enzyme has converted substrates into products,the active site reverts back to its original form.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A urease test is used to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis because

Accepted Answer

A) urease is a sign of tuberculosis. 
B) M)tuberculosis produces urease. 
C) urea accumulates during tuberculosis. 
D) some bacteria reduce nitrate ion. 
E) M)bovis can cause tuberculosis. 
A) urease is a sign of tuberculosis. 
B) M)tuberculosis produces urease. 
C) urea accumulates during tuberculosis. 
D) some bacteria reduce nitrate ion. 
E) M)bovis can cause tuberculosis.

Question 11

Both respiration and photosynthesis use water molecules for the donation of hydrogen ions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Fatty acids are oxidized in

Accepted Answer

A) the Krebs cycle. 
B) the electron transport chain. 
C) glycolysis. 
D) the pentose phosphate pathway. 
E) the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 
A) the Krebs cycle. 
B) the electron transport chain. 
C) glycolysis. 
D) the pentose phosphate pathway. 
E) the Entner-Doudoroff pathway.

Question 13

Differentiate the following two laboratory tests: starch hydrolysis and starch fermentation.

Accepted Answer

Starch hydrolysis and starch fermentatio

Question 14

The use of enzymes is necessary to increase the activation energy requirements of a chemical reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Explain the overall purpose of metabolic pathways.

Accepted Answer

Metabolic pathways serve the overall pur

Question 16

Gallionella bacteria can get energy from the reaction Fe²⁺ → Fe³⁺.This reaction is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) oxidation. 
B) reduction. 
C) fermentation. 
D) photophosphorylation. 
E) the Calvin-Benson cycle. 
A) oxidation. 
B) reduction. 
C) fermentation. 
D) photophosphorylation. 
E) the Calvin-Benson cycle.

Question 17

Rhodopseudomonas is an anaerobic photoautotroph that uses organic compounds as an electron donor.It is also capable of chemoheterotrophic metabolism.Diagram the metabolic pathways of this bacterium.

Accepted Answer

Rhodopseudomonas is an anaerobic photoau

Question 18

Which of the following uses CO₂ for carbon and H₂ for energy?

Accepted Answer

A) chemoautotroph 
B) chemoheterotroph 
C) photoautotroph 
D) photoheterotroph 
A) chemoautotroph 
B) chemoheterotroph 
C) photoautotroph 
D) photoheterotroph

Question 19

Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

A) Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to O₂. 
B) A proton gradient allows hydrogen ions to flow back into the cells through transmembrane protein channels,releasing energy that is used to generate ATP. 
C) ATP is directly transferred from a substrate to ADP. 
D) Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to an organic compound. 
A) Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to O₂. 
B) A proton gradient allows hydrogen ions to flow back into the cells through transmembrane protein channels,releasing energy that is used to generate ATP. 
C) ATP is directly transferred from a substrate to ADP. 
D) Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to an organic compound.

Question 20

An apoenzyme that loses its coenzyme subunit will be non-functional.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: Microbial Metabolism

Why do eukaryotes generate only about 36 ATP per glucose in aerobic respiration but prokaryotes may generate about 38 ATP?

Which of the following uses glucose for carbon and energy?

Which organism is NOT correctly matched to its energy source?

In noncyclic photophosphorylation,O₂ is released from

Figure 5.3 -How would a noncompetitive inhibitor interfere with a reaction involving the enzyme shown in Figure 5.3?

Streptococcus lacks an electron transport chain.How does this bacterium reoxidize NADH? Where is the NADH formed?

Which of the following compounds is NOT an enzyme?

Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation?

Once an enzyme has converted substrates into products,the active site reverts back to its original form.

A urease test is used to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis because

Both respiration and photosynthesis use water molecules for the donation of hydrogen ions.

Fatty acids are oxidized in

Differentiate the following two laboratory tests: starch hydrolysis and starch fermentation.

The use of enzymes is necessary to increase the activation energy requirements of a chemical reaction.

Explain the overall purpose of metabolic pathways.

Gallionella bacteria can get energy from the reaction Fe²⁺ → Fe³⁺.This reaction is an example of

Rhodopseudomonas is an anaerobic photoautotroph that uses organic compounds as an electron donor.It is also capable of chemoheterotrophic metabolism.Diagram the metabolic pathways of this bacterium.

Which of the following uses CO₂ for carbon and H₂ for energy?

Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation?

An apoenzyme that loses its coenzyme subunit will be non-functional.

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, algae, protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses,viroids,and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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