Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding protein structure is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The primary structure is formed by covalent bonding between amino acid subunits. 
B) Secondary structures are formed only from hydrogen bonds. 
C) Tertiary structures are formed only from covalent bonds. 
D) Quaternary structures involved multiple polypeptides. 
A) The primary structure is formed by covalent bonding between amino acid subunits. 
B) Secondary structures are formed only from hydrogen bonds. 
C) Tertiary structures are formed only from covalent bonds. 
D) Quaternary structures involved multiple polypeptides.

Question 2

Identify the following reaction: NH₄OH ⇌ NH₃ + H₂O

Accepted Answer

A) dehydration synthesis reaction 
B) hydrolysis reaction 
C) exchange reaction 
D) reversible reaction 
E) ionic reaction 
A) dehydration synthesis reaction 
B) hydrolysis reaction 
C) exchange reaction 
D) reversible reaction 
E) ionic reaction

Question 3

Which molecule is composed of a chain of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrate 
B) lipid 
C) protein 
D) nucleic acid 
A) carbohydrate 
B) lipid 
C) protein 
D) nucleic acid

Question 4

What is the type of strong chemical bond between carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen atoms in a single organic molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) ionic bond 
B) covalent bond 
C) hydrogen bond 
A) ionic bond 
B) covalent bond 
C) hydrogen bond

Question 5

Water has recently been found just beneath the soil on Mars,but in frozen form.What does this mean for both the prospect of finding life on Mars in some form,but also for the possibility of humans to survive on/colonize the surface of Mars?

Accepted Answer

The discovery of frozen water just benea

Question 6

A scientist wants to perform a test that will indicate whether a nucleic acid sample is composed of either RNA or DNA.Testing for the presence of which of the following is most appropriate in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphate 
B) nitrogen 
C) guanine 
D) uracil 
E) thymine 
A) phosphate 
B) nitrogen 
C) guanine 
D) uracil 
E) thymine

Question 7

Based upon the valence numbers of the elements magnesium (2)and hydrogen (1),predict how many covalent bonds would form between these atoms to achieve the full complement of electrons in their outermost energy shells.

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four

Question 8

Which of the following is the type of bond between molecules of water in a beaker of water?

Accepted Answer

A) ionic bond 
B) covalent bond 
C) hydrogen bond 
A) ionic bond 
B) covalent bond 
C) hydrogen bond

Question 9

The density of liquid water is greater than the density of ice.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

All chemical reactions are,in theory,reversible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Figure 2.3  
-What kind of bond is at the arrow in Figure 2.3?

Accepted Answer

A) disulfide bridge 
B) double covalent bond 
C) hydrogen bond 
D) ionic bond 
E) peptide bond 
A) disulfide bridge 
B) double covalent bond 
C) hydrogen bond 
D) ionic bond 
E) peptide bond

Question 12

Identify the following reaction: Glucose + Fructose → Sucrose + Water

Accepted Answer

A) dehydration synthesis reaction 
B) hydrolysis reaction 
C) exchange reaction 
D) reversible reaction 
E) ionic reaction 
A) dehydration synthesis reaction 
B) hydrolysis reaction 
C) exchange reaction 
D) reversible reaction 
E) ionic reaction

Question 13

Which one of the following microbes would grow best at pH 1-3.5?

Accepted Answer

A) Cyanobacteria in ocean water 
B) Propionibacterium acnes bacteria on human skin 
C) Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in the runoff from a copper mine 
A) Cyanobacteria in ocean water 
B) Propionibacterium acnes bacteria on human skin 
C) Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in the runoff from a copper mine

Question 14

Radioisotopes are frequently used to label molecules in a cell.The fate of atoms and molecules in a cell can then be followed.Assume Saccharomyces cerevisiae is grown in a nutrient medium containing the radioisotope ³²P.After a 48-hour incubation,the majority of the ³²P would be found in the S.cerevisiae's

Accepted Answer

A) plasma membrane. 
B) cell wall. 
C) water. 
D) proteins. 
E) carbohydrates. 
A) plasma membrane. 
B) cell wall. 
C) water. 
D) proteins. 
E) carbohydrates.

Question 15

Identify the following reaction: HCl + NaHCO₃ → NaCl + H₂CO₃

Accepted Answer

A) dehydration synthesis reaction 
B) hydrolysis reaction 
C) exchange reaction 
D) reversible reaction 
E) ionic reaction 
A) dehydration synthesis reaction 
B) hydrolysis reaction 
C) exchange reaction 
D) reversible reaction 
E) ionic reaction

Question 16

Which one of the following would be the most difficult covalent bond to break in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) Na⁺ and Cl⁻ in NaCl 
B) two oxygen atoms in a molecule of O₂ 
C) two nitrogen atoms in a molecule of N₂ 
D) two hydrogen atoms in a molecule of H₂ 
A) Na⁺ and Cl⁻ in NaCl 
B) two oxygen atoms in a molecule of O₂ 
C) two nitrogen atoms in a molecule of N₂ 
D) two hydrogen atoms in a molecule of H₂

Question 17

If an amino acid contained a large hydrocarbon (a group of multiple carbons and hydrogens linked together)as its side group,in which of the following categories could it be appropriately designated?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrophilic 
B) polar 
C) nonpolar 
D) basic 
E) acidic 
A) hydrophilic 
B) polar 
C) nonpolar 
D) basic 
E) acidic

Question 18

Table 2.1 $${ } _ { 8 } ^ { 16 } \mathrm { O } \quad { } _ { 6 } ^ { 12 } \mathrm { C } \quad { } _ { 1 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { H }$$
Using the information in Table 2.1,calculate the number of moles in 92 grams of ethanol,C₂H₅OH.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) The answer cannot be determined. 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) The answer cannot be determined.

Question 19

A dehydration synthesis reaction between glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)and fructose (C₆H₁₂O₆)produces a molecule of sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁).Why don't the two individual molecular formulae add up to the same number of atoms in the sucrose product?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxygen must be burned/consumed during the reaction. 
B) In a dehydration reaction,a water molecule (H2O)is removed from the final molecule formed. 
C) In a dehydration reaction,a water molecule (H2O)is added to the final molecule formed. 
D) Hydrogen must be burned/consumed during the reaction. 
A) Oxygen must be burned/consumed during the reaction. 
B) In a dehydration reaction,a water molecule (H2O)is removed from the final molecule formed. 
C) In a dehydration reaction,a water molecule (H2O)is added to the final molecule formed. 
D) Hydrogen must be burned/consumed during the reaction.

Question 20

Compare a molecule of a nucleotide to ATP.Could a cell simply insert ATP into DNA without altering it? Explain.

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenou

Exam 2: Chemical Principles

Which of the following statements regarding protein structure is FALSE?

Identify the following reaction: NH₄OH ⇌ NH₃ + H₂O

Which molecule is composed of a chain of amino acids?

What is the type of strong chemical bond between carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen atoms in a single organic molecule?

Water has recently been found just beneath the soil on Mars,but in frozen form.What does this mean for both the prospect of finding life on Mars in some form,but also for the possibility of humans to survive on/colonize the surface of Mars?

A scientist wants to perform a test that will indicate whether a nucleic acid sample is composed of either RNA or DNA.Testing for the presence of which of the following is most appropriate in this situation?

Based upon the valence numbers of the elements magnesium (2)and hydrogen (1),predict how many covalent bonds would form between these atoms to achieve the full complement of electrons in their outermost energy shells.

Which of the following is the type of bond between molecules of water in a beaker of water?

The density of liquid water is greater than the density of ice.

All chemical reactions are,in theory,reversible.

Figure 2.3 -What kind of bond is at the arrow in Figure 2.3?

Identify the following reaction: Glucose + Fructose → Sucrose + Water

Which one of the following microbes would grow best at pH 1-3.5?

Identify the following reaction: HCl + NaHCO₃ → NaCl + H₂CO₃

Which one of the following would be the most difficult covalent bond to break in a chemical reaction?

If an amino acid contained a large hydrocarbon (a group of multiple carbons and hydrogens linked together)as its side group,in which of the following categories could it be appropriately designated?

Table 2.1 816O612C11H{ } _ { 8 } ^ { 16 } \mathrm { O } \quad { } _ { 6 } ^ { 12 } \mathrm { C } \quad { } _ { 1 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { H }816​O612​C11​H Using the information in Table 2.1,calculate the number of moles in 92 grams of ethanol,C₂H₅OH.

A dehydration synthesis reaction between glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)and fructose (C₆H₁₂O₆)produces a molecule of sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁).Why don't the two individual molecular formulae add up to the same number of atoms in the sucrose product?

Compare a molecule of a nucleotide to ATP.Could a cell simply insert ATP into DNA without altering it? Explain.

The Microbial World and You

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, algae, protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses,viroids,and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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Table 2.1 ${ } _ { 8 } ^ { 16 } \mathrm { O } \quad { } _ { 6 } ^ { 12 } \mathrm { C } \quad { } _ { 1 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { H }$ Using the information in Table 2.1,calculate the number of moles in 92 grams of ethanol,C₂H₅OH.