Exam 13: Motivation

At Cuppamher, a paper carton manufacturing company, only the factory workers who meet their daily targets are eligible for the monthly bonuses that are disbursed along with their salaries. In the context of reinforcement theory of motivation, which of the following intermittent reinforcement schedules does this scenario best illustrate?

Melissa, a lawyer by profession, was considered one of the best singers in her previous company. After she switched jobs, she registered for all music-related activities in her new company so that her talent could be recognized in the new company as well. In the context of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, this scenario best illustrates Melissa's _____.

Victor, a software engineer, accepted a project for developing an easy-buy application for cell phones. The project had a stringent deadline that other engineers deemed impossible to complete. With proper planning and motivation, Victor was able to develop the application on time. Victor's accomplishment was rewarded with a pay increment. In this scenario, Victor was awarded a(n) _____ for his efforts.

Cynthia, a copy editor at a leading daily newspaper, wants one month's leave from work. Because of tight deadlines, her supervisor attempts to persuade her to cancel her leave by offering her a pay hike. However, Cynthia declines his offer. In the context of expectancy theory of motivation, this scenario best illustrates the factor of _____.

Ruth, a cashier at a private bank, strongly believes that no matter how much effort she puts in or how many hours she works overtime, she will not be offered a promotion in the next 10 years. In this scenario, Ruth's beliefs are in accordance with _____.

Clarence used to work as a doctor in a federal government hospital. After retiring, he started a private clinic to continue practicing medicine and to maintain his reputation as a doctor. In the context of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, this scenario best illustrates Clarence's _____.

Edna, a fashion photographer at a media company, feels demotivated at work because her colleague, Barry, a forensic photographer, gets paid more than her even though he has fewer responsibilities than her. Which of the following theories of motivation does this scenario best illustrate?

According to equity theory, employees compare the rewards they receive from their organization with the contributions they make toward their organization. This comparison is known as the _____.

Marilyn, a human resources associate in a public relations firm, maintains friendly relationships with her colleagues. She prefers to work in groups and tends to avoid conflicts as much as she can. She makes sure that she does not miss opportunities to build close interpersonal relationships with every member in her team. In the context of McClelland's Learned Needs Theory, Marilyn is most likely motivated by the need for _____.

In the context of equity theory, when people perceive that they have been underrewarded, they may try to restore equity by:

Jonathan's employer does not provide health coverage for his family members. Therefore, he decides to purchase health insurance for his kids so that he does not have to pay for their vaccinations and doctor visits every time. In the context of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, this scenario best illustrates Jonathan's _____.

According to goal-setting theory, managers should assign challenging goals to motivate employees.

Miguel is a fashion designer at an apparel company. Despite his seniority in the company, his salary is lower than that of the entry-level fashion designers in the company. As a result, Miguel is looking for another job. Which of the following theories of motivation does this scenario best illustrate?

At the peak of her career, Evelyn, a tennis champion, wanted to launch her own sports shoe brand. In the context of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, this scenario best illustrates Evelyn's _____.

Which of the following is a difference between fixed interval reinforcement schedules and variable interval reinforcement schedules?

Which of the following statements describes positive reinforcement?

In the context of reinforcement theory, reinforcement contingencies directly affect the attractiveness of rewards.

Which of the following is a difference between fixed ratio reinforcement schedules and variable ratio reinforcement schedules?

In the context of reinforcement contingencies, which of the following is a similarity between punishment and extinction?

The engineers at Westbloc Inc. who failed to complete their tasks on time were asked to work on weekends without additional pay. Which of the following theories of motivation does this scenario best illustrate?