Question 1

The structure of the Drosophila gene called Tinman is similar to a gene in humans that also

Accepted Answer

A) promotes ear development. 
B) specifies the location of the heart. 
C) determines structures in the eyes. 
D) specifies limb elongation points. 
E) filters lymphatic fluid. 
A) promotes ear development. 
B) specifies the location of the heart. 
C) determines structures in the eyes. 
D) specifies limb elongation points. 
E) filters lymphatic fluid.

Question 2

In humans, identical twins are possible because

Accepted Answer

A) of the heterogeneous distribution of cytoplasmic determinants in unfertilized eggs. 
B) of interactions between extraembryonic cells and the zygote nucleus. 
C) of convergent extension. 
D) early blastomeres can form a complete embryo if isolated. 
E) the grey crescent divides the dorsal-ventral axis into new cells. 
A) of the heterogeneous distribution of cytoplasmic determinants in unfertilized eggs. 
B) of interactions between extraembryonic cells and the zygote nucleus. 
C) of convergent extension. 
D) early blastomeres can form a complete embryo if isolated. 
E) the grey crescent divides the dorsal-ventral axis into new cells.

Question 3

If an amphibian zygote is manipulated so that the first cleavage plane fails to divide the grey crescent, then

Accepted Answer

A) the daughter cell with the entire grey crescent will die. 
B) both daughter cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage. 
C) only the daughter cell with the grey crescent will develop normally. 
D) both daughter cells will develop abnormally. 
E) both daughter cells will die immediately. 
A) the daughter cell with the entire grey crescent will die. 
B) both daughter cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage. 
C) only the daughter cell with the grey crescent will develop normally. 
D) both daughter cells will develop abnormally. 
E) both daughter cells will die immediately.

Question 4

Changes in the shape of a cell usually involve a reorganization of the

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus. 
B) cytoskeleton. 
C) extracellular matrix. 
D) transport proteins. 
E) nucleolus. 
A) nucleus. 
B) cytoskeleton. 
C) extracellular matrix. 
D) transport proteins. 
E) nucleolus.

Question 5

An open space within the gastrula is the

Accepted Answer

A) ectoderm. 
B) mesoderm. 
C) archenteron. 
D) endoderm. 
E) neural crest cells. 
A) ectoderm. 
B) mesoderm. 
C) archenteron. 
D) endoderm. 
E) neural crest cells.

Question 6

Changes in both cell shape and cell position occur extensively during

Accepted Answer

A) gastrulation, but not organogenesis or cleavage. 
B) organogenesis, but not gastrulation or cleavage. 
C) cleavage, but not gastrulation or organogenesis. 
D) gastrulation and organogenesis, but not cleavage. 
E) gastrulation, organogenesis, and cleavage. 
A) gastrulation, but not organogenesis or cleavage. 
B) organogenesis, but not gastrulation or cleavage. 
C) cleavage, but not gastrulation or organogenesis. 
D) gastrulation and organogenesis, but not cleavage. 
E) gastrulation, organogenesis, and cleavage.

Question 7

If the apical ectodermal ridge is surgically removed from an embryo, it will lose

Accepted Answer

A) positional information for limb-bud pattern formation. 
B) guidance signals needed for correct gastrulation. 
C) unequal cytokinesis of blastomeres. 
D) the developmental substrate for the gonads. 
E) the developmental substrate for the kidneys. 
A) positional information for limb-bud pattern formation. 
B) guidance signals needed for correct gastrulation. 
C) unequal cytokinesis of blastomeres. 
D) the developmental substrate for the gonads. 
E) the developmental substrate for the kidneys.

Question 8

Gases are exchanged in a mammalian embryo in the

Accepted Answer

A) amnion. 
B) hypoblast. 
C) chorion. 
D) trophoblast. 
E) yolk sac. 
A) amnion. 
B) hypoblast. 
C) chorion. 
D) trophoblast. 
E) yolk sac.

Question 9

Animal cells that are present only for a brief developmental phase will, following completion of that phase, undergo

Accepted Answer

A) diapause. 
B) apoptosis 
C) meiosis. 
D) oxidative phosphorylation. 
E) re-differentiation. 
A) diapause. 
B) apoptosis 
C) meiosis. 
D) oxidative phosphorylation. 
E) re-differentiation.

Question 10

Which of the following is an adult organism that has fewer than 1000 cells?

Accepted Answer

A) chickens, Gallus domesticus 
B) African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis 
C) humans, Homo sapiens 
D) fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster 
E) nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans 
A) chickens, Gallus domesticus 
B) African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis 
C) humans, Homo sapiens 
D) fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster 
E) nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans

Question 11

The vitelline layer of the sea urchin egg

Accepted Answer

A) is outside of the fertilization membrane. 
B) releases calcium, which initiates the cortical reaction. 
C) has receptor molecules that are specific for binding acrosomal proteins. 
D) is first visible only when organogenesis is nearly completed. 
E) is a mesh of proteins crossing through the cytosol of the egg. 
A) is outside of the fertilization membrane. 
B) releases calcium, which initiates the cortical reaction. 
C) has receptor molecules that are specific for binding acrosomal proteins. 
D) is first visible only when organogenesis is nearly completed. 
E) is a mesh of proteins crossing through the cytosol of the egg.

Question 12

The first cavity formed during sea urchin development is the

Accepted Answer

A) blastopore. 
B) mouth. 
C) blastocoel. 
D) anus. 
A) blastopore. 
B) mouth. 
C) blastocoel. 
D) anus.

Question 13

To meet a zygote's metabolic and developmental requirements

Accepted Answer

A) maternal RNA and maternal proteins must be present. 
B) paternal RNA and maternal proteins must be present. 
C) the haploid DNA in the nucleus must be transcribed. 
D) the nucleus must have hundreds of copies of every gene, allowing a high rate of gene expression. 
E) the zygote must continuously undergo endocytosis of proteins to take them from its environment. 
A) maternal RNA and maternal proteins must be present. 
B) paternal RNA and maternal proteins must be present. 
C) the haploid DNA in the nucleus must be transcribed. 
D) the nucleus must have hundreds of copies of every gene, allowing a high rate of gene expression. 
E) the zygote must continuously undergo endocytosis of proteins to take them from its environment.

Question 14

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
In a study of the development of frog embryos, researchers stained several early gastrulas with vital dyes and noted the locations of the dyes after gastrulation. The results are shown in the following table.
  
-The endoderm was probably stained with

Accepted Answer

A) red and yellow colours. 
B) yellow and green colours. 
C) green and purple colours. 
D) blue and yellow colours. 
E) purple and red colours. 
A) red and yellow colours. 
B) yellow and green colours. 
C) green and purple colours. 
D) blue and yellow colours. 
E) purple and red colours.

Question 15

The primitive streak in a bird is the functional equivalent of

Accepted Answer

A) the lip of the blastopore in the frog. 
B) the archenteron in a frog. 
C) polar bodies in a sea urchin. 
D) the notochord in a mammal. 
E) neural crest cells in a mammal. 
A) the lip of the blastopore in the frog. 
B) the archenteron in a frog. 
C) polar bodies in a sea urchin. 
D) the notochord in a mammal. 
E) neural crest cells in a mammal.

Question 16

In frog embryos, the blastopore becomes the

Accepted Answer

A) anus. 
B) ears. 
C) eyes. 
D) nose. 
E) mouth. 
A) anus. 
B) ears. 
C) eyes. 
D) nose. 
E) mouth.

Question 17

Use the following information as background for the next few questions.
Scientific studies have shown that ectrodactyly, a condition involving deficient or absent digits on the hand or foot, may be caused by a defect in the apical ectodermal ridge of an embryo's limb bud.
-This condition affects development in which axis?

Accepted Answer

A) proximal-distal 
B) left-right 
C) anterior-posterior 
D) dorsal-ventral 
E) transverse 
A) proximal-distal 
B) left-right 
C) anterior-posterior 
D) dorsal-ventral 
E) transverse

Question 18

Cells move to new positions as an embryo establishes its three germ tissue layers during

Accepted Answer

A) determination. 
B) cleavage. 
C) fertilization. 
D) induction. 
E) gastrulation. 
A) determination. 
B) cleavage. 
C) fertilization. 
D) induction. 
E) gastrulation.

Exam 47: Animal Development

The structure of the Drosophila gene called Tinman is similar to a gene in humans that also

In humans, identical twins are possible because

If an amphibian zygote is manipulated so that the first cleavage plane fails to divide the grey crescent, then

Changes in the shape of a cell usually involve a reorganization of the

An open space within the gastrula is the

Changes in both cell shape and cell position occur extensively during

If the apical ectodermal ridge is surgically removed from an embryo, it will lose

Gases are exchanged in a mammalian embryo in the

Animal cells that are present only for a brief developmental phase will, following completion of that phase, undergo

Which of the following is an adult organism that has fewer than 1000 cells?

The vitelline layer of the sea urchin egg

The first cavity formed during sea urchin development is the

To meet a zygote's metabolic and developmental requirements

The primitive streak in a bird is the functional equivalent of

In frog embryos, the blastopore becomes the

Cells move to new positions as an embryo establishes its three germ tissue layers during

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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