Question 1

When does the synaptonemal complex disappear?

Accepted Answer

A) late prophase of meiosis I 
B) during fertilization or fusion of gametes 
C) early anaphase of meiosis I 
D) mid-prophase of meiosis II 
E) late metaphase of meiosis II 
A) late prophase of meiosis I 
B) during fertilization or fusion of gametes 
C) early anaphase of meiosis I 
D) mid-prophase of meiosis II 
E) late metaphase of meiosis II A

Question 2

In these asexual rotifers, how does variation occur without meiosis and fertilization?

Accepted Answer

A) The rotifers have evolved a different mechanism to exchange DNA. 
B) Rotifers must produce haploid spores. 
C) Variation is caused by mutation and maintained by selection. 
D) Some rotifers must selectively lose chromosomes. 
E) Rotifers must live only in specialized environments. 
A) The rotifers have evolved a different mechanism to exchange DNA. 
B) Rotifers must produce haploid spores. 
C) Variation is caused by mutation and maintained by selection. 
D) Some rotifers must selectively lose chromosomes. 
E) Rotifers must live only in specialized environments. C

Question 3

Chromatids are separated from each other.

Accepted Answer

A) The statement is true for mitosis only. 
B) The statement is true for meiosis I only. 
C) The statement is true for meiosis II only. 
D) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I. 
E) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II. 
A) The statement is true for mitosis only. 
B) The statement is true for meiosis I only. 
C) The statement is true for meiosis II only. 
D) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I. 
E) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II. E

Question 4

The following question refers to the essential steps in meiosis described below.
1. Formation of four new nuclei, each with half the chromosomes present in the parental nucleus
2. Alignment of tetrads at the metaphase plate
3. Separation of sister chromatids
4. Separation of the homologues; no uncoupling of the centromere
5. Synapsis; chromosomes moving to the middle of the cell in pairs
-How does the sexual life cycle increase the genetic variation in a species?

Accepted Answer

A) by allowing crossing over 
B) by allowing fertilization 
C) by increasing gene stability 
D) by conserving chromosomal gene order 
E) by decreasing mutation frequency 
A) by allowing crossing over 
B) by allowing fertilization 
C) by increasing gene stability 
D) by conserving chromosomal gene order 
E) by decreasing mutation frequency

Question 5

You have isolated DNA from cells in different stages of meiosis within one species. You have determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown below. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions.
  
-If the species were known to be haploid, which sample might represent a zygote?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) either I or II 
E) either II or III 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) either I or II 
E) either II or III

Question 6

The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division goes awry and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most probable source of this error would be a mistake in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) mitosis in her ovary 
B) metaphase I of one meiotic event 
C) telophase II of one meiotic event 
D) telophase I of one meiotic event 
E) either anaphase I or II 
A) mitosis in her ovary 
B) metaphase I of one meiotic event 
C) telophase II of one meiotic event 
D) telophase I of one meiotic event 
E) either anaphase I or II

Question 7

The following question refers to the essential steps in meiosis described below.
1. Formation of four new nuclei, each with half the chromosomes present in the parental nucleus
2. Alignment of tetrads at the metaphase plate
3. Separation of sister chromatids
4. Separation of the homologues; no uncoupling of the centromere
5. Synapsis; chromosomes moving to the middle of the cell in pairs
-Which of the steps takes place in both mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 5 
D) 2 and 3 only 
E) 2, 3, and 5 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 5 
D) 2 and 3 only 
E) 2, 3, and 5

Question 8

Which life cycle stage is found in plants but not animals?

Accepted Answer

A) gamete 
B) zygote 
C) multicellular diploid 
D) multicellular haploid 
E) unicellular diploid 
A) gamete 
B) zygote 
C) multicellular diploid 
D) multicellular haploid 
E) unicellular diploid

Question 9

To visualize and identify meiotic cells at metaphase with a microscope, what would you ?look for?

Accepted Answer

A) sister chromatids grouped at the poles 
B) individual chromosomes all at the cell's centre 
C) an uninterrupted spindle array 
D) the synaptonemal complex 
E) tetrads all aligned at the cell's centre 
A) sister chromatids grouped at the poles 
B) individual chromosomes all at the cell's centre 
C) an uninterrupted spindle array 
D) the synaptonemal complex 
E) tetrads all aligned at the cell's centre

Question 10

If a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents?

Accepted Answer

A) It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis. 
B) It has the same number of chromosomes but each of them has different alleles than another cell from the same meiosis. 
C) It has half the chromosomes but twice the DNA of the originating cell. 
D) It has one-fourth the DNA and one-half the chromosomes as the originating cell. 
E) It is identical in content to another cell from the same meiosis. 
A) It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis. 
B) It has the same number of chromosomes but each of them has different alleles than another cell from the same meiosis. 
C) It has half the chromosomes but twice the DNA of the originating cell. 
D) It has one-fourth the DNA and one-half the chromosomes as the originating cell. 
E) It is identical in content to another cell from the same meiosis.

Question 11

Autosomes are chromosomes, which are

Accepted Answer

A) involved in sexual identity. 
B) capable of reproducing themselves. 
C) involved in the autoimmune responses. 
D) all chromosomes, except sex chromosomes. 
E) the only chromosomes that are inherited. 
A) involved in sexual identity. 
B) capable of reproducing themselves. 
C) involved in the autoimmune responses. 
D) all chromosomes, except sex chromosomes. 
E) the only chromosomes that are inherited.

Question 12

Use the following information to answer the next questions.
There is a group of invertebrate animals called rotifers, among which a particular group of species reproduces, as far as is known, only asexually. These rotifers, however, have survived a long evolutionary history without evidence of having been overcome by excessive mutations.
-Assuming that the eggs are diploid, tetraploid, or partially tetraploid, what mechanism may still occur without fertilization?

Accepted Answer

A) meiosis in each generation 
B) meiosis in every second generation 
C) independent assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes 
D) meiosis in times of adverse environmental conditions 
E) crossing over of homologues 
A) meiosis in each generation 
B) meiosis in every second generation 
C) independent assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes 
D) meiosis in times of adverse environmental conditions 
E) crossing over of homologues

Question 13

Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common? I. Alternation of generations
II. Meiosis
III. Fertilization
IV. Gametes
V. Spores

Accepted Answer

A) I, IV, and V 
B) I, II, and IV 
C) II, III, and IV 
D) II, IV, and V 
E) I, II, III, IV, and V 
A) I, IV, and V 
B) I, II, and IV 
C) II, III, and IV 
D) II, IV, and V 
E) I, II, III, IV, and V

Question 14

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase I V. Prophase II
II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II
III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II
IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II
-Tetrads of chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle; alignment determines independent assortment.

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) IV 
D) VI 
E) VIII 
A) I 
B) II 
C) IV 
D) VI 
E) VIII

Question 15

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure below to answer the following questions.
  
-Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some algae?

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I and III 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I and III

Question 16

Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of

Accepted Answer

A) the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I. 
B) the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm. 
C) the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II. 
D) the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes. 
E) the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I, the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm, the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II, and the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes. 
A) the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I. 
B) the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm. 
C) the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II. 
D) the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes. 
E) the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I, the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm, the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II, and the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes.

Question 17

A karyotype results from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) a natural cellular arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus 
B) an inherited ability of chromosomes to arrange themselves 
C) the ordering of human chromosome images 
D) the cutting and pasting of parts of chromosomes to form the standard array 
E) the separation of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I of meiosis 
A) a natural cellular arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus 
B) an inherited ability of chromosomes to arrange themselves 
C) the ordering of human chromosome images 
D) the cutting and pasting of parts of chromosomes to form the standard array 
E) the separation of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I of meiosis

Question 18

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure below to answer the following questions.
  
-In a life cycle such as that shown in part III of the above figure, if the zygote's chromosome number is 10, which of the following will be true?

Accepted Answer

A) The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is 10 and the gametophyte's is 5. 
B) The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is 5 and the gametophyte's is 10. 
C) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 10 chromosomes per cell. 
D) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 5 chromosomes per cell. 
E) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 20 chromosomes per cell. 
A) The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is 10 and the gametophyte's is 5. 
B) The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is 5 and the gametophyte's is 10. 
C) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 10 chromosomes per cell. 
D) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 5 chromosomes per cell. 
E) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 20 chromosomes per cell.

Question 19

You have isolated DNA from cells in different stages of meiosis within one species. You have determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown below. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions.
  
-Which sample of DNA might be from a cell at the end of meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) either I or II 
E) either I or III 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) either I or II 
E) either I or III

Question 20

The human genome is minimally contained in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) every human cell 
B) each human chromosome 
C) the entire DNA of a single human 
D) the entire human population 
E) each human gene 
A) every human cell 
B) each human chromosome 
C) the entire DNA of a single human 
D) the entire human population 
E) each human gene

Exam 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

When does the synaptonemal complex disappear?

In these asexual rotifers, how does variation occur without meiosis and fertilization?

Chromatids are separated from each other.

The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division goes awry and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most probable source of this error would be a mistake in which of the following?

Which life cycle stage is found in plants but not animals?

To visualize and identify meiotic cells at metaphase with a microscope, what would you ?look for?

If a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents?

Autosomes are chromosomes, which are

Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common? I. Alternation of generations II. Meiosis III. Fertilization IV. Gametes V. Spores

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure below to answer the following questions. -Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some algae?

Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of

A karyotype results from which of the following?

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure below to answer the following questions. -In a life cycle such as that shown in part III of the above figure, if the zygote's chromosome number is 10, which of the following will be true?

The human genome is minimally contained in which of the following?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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