Question 1

Experiments with cohesins have found that

Accepted Answer

A) cohesins are protected from destruction throughout meiosis I and II. 
B) cohesins are cleaved from chromosomes at the centromere before anaphase I. 
C) cohesins are protected from cleavage at the centromere during meiosis I. 
D) a protein cleaves cohesins before metaphase I. 
E) a protein that cleaves cohesins would cause cellular death. 
A) cohesins are protected from destruction throughout meiosis I and II. 
B) cohesins are cleaved from chromosomes at the centromere before anaphase I. 
C) cohesins are protected from cleavage at the centromere during meiosis I. 
D) a protein cleaves cohesins before metaphase I. 
E) a protein that cleaves cohesins would cause cellular death.

Question 2

When homologous chromosomes cross over, what occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) Two chromatids get tangled, resulting in one re-sequencing its DNA. 
B) Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA. 
C) Specific proteins break the two strands and re-join them with their homologues. 
D) Each of the four DNA strands of a tetrad is broken and the pieces are mixed. 
E) Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles and vice versa. 
A) Two chromatids get tangled, resulting in one re-sequencing its DNA. 
B) Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA. 
C) Specific proteins break the two strands and re-join them with their homologues. 
D) Each of the four DNA strands of a tetrad is broken and the pieces are mixed. 
E) Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles and vice versa.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations?

Accepted Answer

A) A grandparent and grandchild each have dark hair, but the parent has blond hair. 
B) A diploid plant (sporophyte)produces, by meiosis, a spore that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte). 
C) A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. 
D) A haploid mushroom produces gametes by mitosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization, which is immediately followed by meiosis. 
E) A diploid cell divides by mitosis to produce two diploid daughter cells, which then fuse to produce a tetraploid cell. 
A) A grandparent and grandchild each have dark hair, but the parent has blond hair. 
B) A diploid plant (sporophyte)produces, by meiosis, a spore that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte). 
C) A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. 
D) A haploid mushroom produces gametes by mitosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization, which is immediately followed by meiosis. 
E) A diploid cell divides by mitosis to produce two diploid daughter cells, which then fuse to produce a tetraploid cell.

Question 4

Use the following information to answer the next questions.
There is a group of invertebrate animals called rotifers, among which a particular group of species reproduces, as far as is known, only asexually. These rotifers, however, have survived a long evolutionary history without evidence of having been overcome by excessive mutations.
-Since the rotifers develop from eggs, but asexually, what can you predict?

Accepted Answer

A) The eggs and the zygotes are all haploid. 
B) The animals are all hermaphrodites. 
C) While asexual, both males and females are found in nature. 
D) All males can produce eggs. 
E) No males can be found. 
A) The eggs and the zygotes are all haploid. 
B) The animals are all hermaphrodites. 
C) While asexual, both males and females are found in nature. 
D) All males can produce eggs. 
E) No males can be found.

Question 5

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A) They have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. 
B) They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
C) They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
D) They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. 
E) They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA. 
A) They have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. 
B) They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
C) They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
D) They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. 
E) They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.

Question 6

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?

Accepted Answer

A) Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits. 
B) Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits. 
C) Clone the plant asexually to produce an identical one. 
D) Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one. 
E) Add nitrogen to the soil of the offspring of this plant so the desired traits continue. 
A) Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits. 
B) Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits. 
C) Clone the plant asexually to produce an identical one. 
D) Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one. 
E) Add nitrogen to the soil of the offspring of this plant so the desired traits continue.

Question 7

Whether during mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesins. Such molecules must have which of the following properties?

Accepted Answer

A) They must persist throughout the cell cycle. 
B) They must be removed before meiosis can begin. 
C) They must be removed before anaphase can occur. 
D) They must reattach to chromosomes during G₁. 
E) They must be intact for nuclear envelope reformation. 
A) They must persist throughout the cell cycle. 
B) They must be removed before meiosis can begin. 
C) They must be removed before anaphase can occur. 
D) They must reattach to chromosomes during G₁. 
E) They must be intact for nuclear envelope reformation.

Question 8

The somatic cells of a particular shrub (the privet shrub)each contain 46 chromosomes. They are obviously very different than human cells, yet have the same number of chromosomes. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) This shrub's cells cannot reproduce sexually. 
B) The shrub's sex cells have chromosomes that can synapse with human chromosomes in the laboratory. 
C) Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different than those in humans. 
D) Privet shrubs must be metabolically more like animals than like other shrubs. 
E) Genes on a particular privet chromosome, such as the X, must be on a different human chromosome, such as number 18. 
A) This shrub's cells cannot reproduce sexually. 
B) The shrub's sex cells have chromosomes that can synapse with human chromosomes in the laboratory. 
C) Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different than those in humans. 
D) Privet shrubs must be metabolically more like animals than like other shrubs. 
E) Genes on a particular privet chromosome, such as the X, must be on a different human chromosome, such as number 18.

Question 9

A triploid cell contains three sets of chromosomes. If a cell of a usually diploid species with 42 chromosomes per cell is triploid, this cell would be expected to have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) 63 chromosomes in 31 1/2 pairs 
B) 63 chromosomes in 21 sets of 3 
C) 63 chromosomes, each with three chromatids 
D) 21 chromosome pairs and 21 unique chromosomes 
A) 63 chromosomes in 31 1/2 pairs 
B) 63 chromosomes in 21 sets of 3 
C) 63 chromosomes, each with three chromatids 
D) 21 chromosome pairs and 21 unique chromosomes

Question 10

Refer to the drawings below of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions.
  
-Which diagram(s)represent anaphase II of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A) II only 
B) III only 
C) IV only 
D) V only 
E) either II or V 
A) II only 
B) III only 
C) IV only 
D) V only 
E) either II or V

Question 11

To view and analyze human chromosomes in a dividing cell, which of the following is/are required?

Accepted Answer

A) electron microscope 
B) radioactive staining 
C) fluorescent staining 
D) DNA stain and a light microscope 
E) a stain particular to human cells 
A) electron microscope 
B) radioactive staining 
C) fluorescent staining 
D) DNA stain and a light microscope 
E) a stain particular to human cells

Question 12

After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is

Accepted Answer

A) diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. 
B) diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. 
C) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. 
D) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. 
E) tetraploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. 
A) diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. 
B) diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. 
C) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. 
D) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. 
E) tetraploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.

Question 13

In sexual reproduction, the reduction division stage is known as

Accepted Answer

A) fertilization. 
B) anaphase. 
C) meiosis II. 
D) meiosis I. 
E) G₁. 
A) fertilization. 
B) anaphase. 
C) meiosis II. 
D) meiosis I. 
E) G₁.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?

Accepted Answer

A) The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes per cell. 
B) The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell. 
C) Each cell has eight homologous pairs. 
D) During the S phase of the cell cycle there will be 32 separate chromosomes. 
E) A gamete from this species has four chromosomes. 
A) The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes per cell. 
B) The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell. 
C) Each cell has eight homologous pairs. 
D) During the S phase of the cell cycle there will be 32 separate chromosomes. 
E) A gamete from this species has four chromosomes.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the frequency of crossing over in mammals?

Accepted Answer

A) ~50 per chromosome pair 
B) ~2 per meiotic cell 
C) at least 1-2 per chromosome pair 
D) ~1 per pair of sister chromatids 
E) a very rare event among hundreds of cells 
A) ~50 per chromosome pair 
B) ~2 per meiotic cell 
C) at least 1-2 per chromosome pair 
D) ~1 per pair of sister chromatids 
E) a very rare event among hundreds of cells

Question 16

A cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically different.

Accepted Answer

A) The statement is true for mitosis only. 
B) The statement is true for meiosis I only. 
C) The statement is true for meiosis II only. 
D) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I. 
E) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II. 
A) The statement is true for mitosis only. 
B) The statement is true for meiosis I only. 
C) The statement is true for meiosis II only. 
D) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I. 
E) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.

Question 17

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase I V. Prophase II
II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II
III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II
IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II
-Synaptonemal complexes form or are still present.

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) I and IV only 
C) I and VIII only 
D) II and VI only 
E) I, II, III, and IV only 
A) I only 
B) I and IV only 
C) I and VIII only 
D) II and VI only 
E) I, II, III, and IV only

Question 18

Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs.

Accepted Answer

A) The statement is true for mitosis only. 
B) The statement is true for meiosis I only. 
C) The statement is true for meiosis II only. 
D) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I. 
E) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II. 
A) The statement is true for mitosis only. 
B) The statement is true for meiosis I only. 
C) The statement is true for meiosis II only. 
D) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I. 
E) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.

Question 19

Which of the following can utilize both mitosis and meiosis in the correct circumstances?

Accepted Answer

A) a haploid animal cell 
B) a diploid cell from a plant stem 
C) any diploid animal cell 
D) a plant-like protist 
E) an archaea 
A) a haploid animal cell 
B) a diploid cell from a plant stem 
C) any diploid animal cell 
D) a plant-like protist 
E) an archaea

Question 20

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure below to answer the following questions.
  
-Which of the life cycles is typical for most fungi and some protists?

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I and III 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I and III

Exam 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Experiments with cohesins have found that

When homologous chromosomes cross over, what occurs?

Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations?

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?

Whether during mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesins. Such molecules must have which of the following properties?

The somatic cells of a particular shrub (the privet shrub)each contain 46 chromosomes. They are obviously very different than human cells, yet have the same number of chromosomes. Which of the following is true?

A triploid cell contains three sets of chromosomes. If a cell of a usually diploid species with 42 chromosomes per cell is triploid, this cell would be expected to have which of the following?

Refer to the drawings below of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions. -Which diagram(s)represent anaphase II of meiosis?

To view and analyze human chromosomes in a dividing cell, which of the following is/are required?

After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is

In sexual reproduction, the reduction division stage is known as

Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?

Which of the following best describes the frequency of crossing over in mammals?

A cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically different.

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. Prophase I V. Prophase II II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II -Synaptonemal complexes form or are still present.

Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs.

Which of the following can utilize both mitosis and meiosis in the correct circumstances?

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure below to answer the following questions. -Which of the life cycles is typical for most fungi and some protists?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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