Question 1

The cortical reaction functions directly in the

Accepted Answer

A) formation of a fertilization envelope. 
B) production of a fast block to polyspermy. 
C) release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm cell. 
D) generation of a nerve-like impulse by the egg cell. 
E) fusion of egg and sperm nuclei. 
A) formation of a fertilization envelope. 
B) production of a fast block to polyspermy. 
C) release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm cell. 
D) generation of a nerve-like impulse by the egg cell. 
E) fusion of egg and sperm nuclei.

Question 2

The embryonic precursor to the human spinal cord is the

Accepted Answer

A) notochord. 
B) neural tube. 
C) mesoderm. 
D) archenteron. 
E) set of bilateral somites. 
A) notochord. 
B) neural tube. 
C) mesoderm. 
D) archenteron. 
E) set of bilateral somites.

Question 3

The archenteron develops into

Accepted Answer

A) the mesoderm. 
B) the blastocoel. 
C) the endoderm. 
D) the placenta. 
E) the lumen of the digestive tract. 
A) the mesoderm. 
B) the blastocoel. 
C) the endoderm. 
D) the placenta. 
E) the lumen of the digestive tract.

Question 4

Assume that successful reproduction in a rare salamander species, wherein all individuals are females, relies on those females having access to sperm from males of another species but that the resulting embryos show no signs of a genetic contribution from the sperm. In this case, the sperm appear to be used only for

Accepted Answer

A) morphogenesis. 
B) epigenesis. 
C) egg activation. 
D) cell differentiation. 
E) the creation of a diploid cell. 
A) morphogenesis. 
B) epigenesis. 
C) egg activation. 
D) cell differentiation. 
E) the creation of a diploid cell.

Question 5

In a frog embryo, gastrulation

Accepted Answer

A) produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere. 
B) occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere. 
C) is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the ovum. 
D) proceeds by involution as cells roll over the lip of the blastopore. 
E) occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk. 
A) produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere. 
B) occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere. 
C) is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the ovum. 
D) proceeds by involution as cells roll over the lip of the blastopore. 
E) occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

Question 6

Syndactyly, a congenital abnormality in which webbing is present between fingers and toes, can be corrected after birth. In utero, the cells comprising the webbing failed to undergo

Accepted Answer

A) differentiation. 
B) gastrulation. 
C) apoptosis. 
D) convergent extension. 
E) morphogenesis. 
A) differentiation. 
B) gastrulation. 
C) apoptosis. 
D) convergent extension. 
E) morphogenesis.

Question 7

At the time of implantation, the human embryo is called a

Accepted Answer

A) blastocyst. 
B) gastrula. 
C) fetus. 
D) somite. 
E) zygote. 
A) blastocyst. 
B) gastrula. 
C) fetus. 
D) somite. 
E) zygote.

Question 8

The yolk of the frog egg

Accepted Answer

A) prevents gastrulation. 
B) is concentrated at the animal pole. 
C) is homogeneously arranged in the egg. 
D) impedes the formation of a primitive streak. 
E) supports the higher rate of cleavage at the animal pole compared to the vegetal pole. 
A) prevents gastrulation. 
B) is concentrated at the animal pole. 
C) is homogeneously arranged in the egg. 
D) impedes the formation of a primitive streak. 
E) supports the higher rate of cleavage at the animal pole compared to the vegetal pole.

Question 9

In an egg cell treated with EDTA, a chemical that binds calcium and magnesium ions,

Accepted Answer

A) the acrosomal reaction would be blocked. 
B) the fusion of sperm and egg nuclei would be blocked. 
C) the fast block to polyspermy would not occur. 
D) the fertilization envelope would not form. 
E) the zygote would not contain maternal and paternal chromosomes. 
A) the acrosomal reaction would be blocked. 
B) the fusion of sperm and egg nuclei would be blocked. 
C) the fast block to polyspermy would not occur. 
D) the fertilization envelope would not form. 
E) the zygote would not contain maternal and paternal chromosomes.

Question 10

A sea urchin zygote undergoes its first cell division

Accepted Answer

A) 5 seconds after fertilization. 
B) 30 minutes after fertilization. 
C) 90 minutes after fertilization. 
D) 4 hours after fertilization. 
E) 24 hours after fertilization. 
A) 5 seconds after fertilization. 
B) 30 minutes after fertilization. 
C) 90 minutes after fertilization. 
D) 4 hours after fertilization. 
E) 24 hours after fertilization.

Question 11

A primitive streak forms during the early embryonic development of

Accepted Answer

A) birds, but not frogs or humans. 
B) frogs, but not birds or humans. 
C) humans, but not birds or frogs. 
D) birds and frogs, but not humans. 
E) humans and birds, but not frogs. 
A) birds, but not frogs or humans. 
B) frogs, but not birds or humans. 
C) humans, but not birds or frogs. 
D) birds and frogs, but not humans. 
E) humans and birds, but not frogs.

Question 12

The developmental precursors to the gonadal tissues of C. elegans uniquely contain

Accepted Answer

A) proteins of maternal origin. 
B) high concentrations of potassium ions. 
C) haploid proteins. 
D) T tubules for the propagation of action potentials. 
E) P granules of mRNA and protein. 
A) proteins of maternal origin. 
B) high concentrations of potassium ions. 
C) haploid proteins. 
D) T tubules for the propagation of action potentials. 
E) P granules of mRNA and protein.

Question 13

The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in

Accepted Answer

A) the formation of a fertilization envelope. 
B) the production of a fast block to polyspermy. 
C) the release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm. 
D) the generation of an electrical impulse by the egg. 
E) the fusion of egg and sperm nuclei. 
A) the formation of a fertilization envelope. 
B) the production of a fast block to polyspermy. 
C) the release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm. 
D) the generation of an electrical impulse by the egg. 
E) the fusion of egg and sperm nuclei.

Question 14

Thalidomide, now banned for use as a sedative in pregnancy, was used in the early 1960s by many women in their first trimester of pregnancy. Some of these women gave birth to children with arm and leg deformities, suggesting that the drug most likely influenced

Accepted Answer

A) early cleavage divisions. 
B) determination of the polarity of the zygote. 
C) differentiation of bone tissue. 
D) morphogenesis. 
E) organogenesis. 
A) early cleavage divisions. 
B) determination of the polarity of the zygote. 
C) differentiation of bone tissue. 
D) morphogenesis. 
E) organogenesis.

Question 15

A human zygote undergoes its first cell division

Accepted Answer

A) 5 seconds after fertilization. 
B) 30 minutes after fertilization. 
C) 90 minutes after fertilization. 
D) 4 hours after fertilization. 
E) 24 hours after fertilization. 
A) 5 seconds after fertilization. 
B) 30 minutes after fertilization. 
C) 90 minutes after fertilization. 
D) 4 hours after fertilization. 
E) 24 hours after fertilization.

Question 16

Animal development compares to plant development in that

Accepted Answer

A) plant cells, but not animal cells, migrate during morphogenesis. 
B) animal cells, but not plant cells, migrate during morphogenesis. 
C) plant cells and animal cells migrate extensively during morphogenesis. 
D) neither plant cells nor animal cells migrate during morphogenesis. 
E) plant cells, but not animal cells, undergo convergent extension. 
A) plant cells, but not animal cells, migrate during morphogenesis. 
B) animal cells, but not plant cells, migrate during morphogenesis. 
C) plant cells and animal cells migrate extensively during morphogenesis. 
D) neither plant cells nor animal cells migrate during morphogenesis. 
E) plant cells, but not animal cells, undergo convergent extension.

Question 17

Contact of a sea urchin egg with signal molecules on sperm causes the egg to undergo a brief

Accepted Answer

A) mitosis. 
B) membrane depolarization. 
C) apoptosis. 
D) vitellogenesis. 
E) acrosomal reaction. 
A) mitosis. 
B) membrane depolarization. 
C) apoptosis. 
D) vitellogenesis. 
E) acrosomal reaction.

Question 18

Meroblastic cleavage occurs in

Accepted Answer

A) sea urchins, but not humans or birds. 
B) humans, but not sea urchins or birds. 
C) birds, but not sea urchins or humans. 
D) both sea urchins and birds, but not humans. 
E) both humans and birds, but not sea urchins. 
A) sea urchins, but not humans or birds. 
B) humans, but not sea urchins or birds. 
C) birds, but not sea urchins or humans. 
D) both sea urchins and birds, but not humans. 
E) both humans and birds, but not sea urchins.

Question 19

When you slice up a pie that contains a swirled mixture of chocolate and vanilla filling, you notice that some slices have more chocolate than vanilla and that other slices have more vanilla than chocolate. This uneven distribution of chocolate and vanilla is most like the uneven distribution of

Accepted Answer

A) nuclei in a zygote. 
B) nuclei in an early embryo. 
C) nuclei in an egg prior to fertilization. 
D) cytoplasmic determinants in a newly formed zygote. 
E) cytoplasmic determinants in a baby just prior to birth. 
A) nuclei in a zygote. 
B) nuclei in an early embryo. 
C) nuclei in an egg prior to fertilization. 
D) cytoplasmic determinants in a newly formed zygote. 
E) cytoplasmic determinants in a baby just prior to birth.

Question 20

In mammalian eggs, the receptors for sperm are found in the

Accepted Answer

A) fertilization membrane. 
B) zona pellucida. 
C) cytosol of the egg. 
D) nucleus of the egg. 
E) mitochondria of the egg. 
A) fertilization membrane. 
B) zona pellucida. 
C) cytosol of the egg. 
D) nucleus of the egg. 
E) mitochondria of the egg.

Exam 47: Animal Development

The cortical reaction functions directly in the

The embryonic precursor to the human spinal cord is the

The archenteron develops into

In a frog embryo, gastrulation

Syndactyly, a congenital abnormality in which webbing is present between fingers and toes, can be corrected after birth. In utero, the cells comprising the webbing failed to undergo

At the time of implantation, the human embryo is called a

The yolk of the frog egg

In an egg cell treated with EDTA, a chemical that binds calcium and magnesium ions,

A sea urchin zygote undergoes its first cell division

A primitive streak forms during the early embryonic development of

The developmental precursors to the gonadal tissues of C. elegans uniquely contain

The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in

Thalidomide, now banned for use as a sedative in pregnancy, was used in the early 1960s by many women in their first trimester of pregnancy. Some of these women gave birth to children with arm and leg deformities, suggesting that the drug most likely influenced

A human zygote undergoes its first cell division

Animal development compares to plant development in that

Contact of a sea urchin egg with signal molecules on sperm causes the egg to undergo a brief

Meroblastic cleavage occurs in

When you slice up a pie that contains a swirled mixture of chocolate and vanilla filling, you notice that some slices have more chocolate than vanilla and that other slices have more vanilla than chocolate. This uneven distribution of chocolate and vanilla is most like the uneven distribution of

In mammalian eggs, the receptors for sperm are found in the

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters