Question 1

Select the pathway that would lead to the activation of B cells in the humoral immune response.

Accepted Answer

A) B cell internalizes antigen → helper T cell binds to class II MHC molecule-antigen complex → B cell proliferates and differentiates → activated helper T cell binds to B cell and releases cytokines 
B) self-tolerance of immune cells → B cells contact antigen → cytokines released 
C) complement is secreted → B cell contacts antigen → helper T cell activated → cytokines released 
D) B cell internalizes antigen → class II MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed→ activated helper T cell binds to B cell and releases cytokines → B cell proliferates and differentiates 
E) natural killer cells → class II MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed → cytokines released → cell lysis 
A) B cell internalizes antigen → helper T cell binds to class II MHC molecule-antigen complex → B cell proliferates and differentiates → activated helper T cell binds to B cell and releases cytokines 
B) self-tolerance of immune cells → B cells contact antigen → cytokines released 
C) complement is secreted → B cell contacts antigen → helper T cell activated → cytokines released 
D) B cell internalizes antigen → class II MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed→ activated helper T cell binds to B cell and releases cytokines → B cell proliferates and differentiates 
E) natural killer cells → class II MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed → cytokines released → cell lysis

Question 2

Naturally acquired passive immunity results from the

Accepted Answer

A) injection of vaccine. 
B) ingestion of interferon. 
C) placental transfer of antibodies. 
D) absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes. 
E) injection of antibodies. 
A) injection of vaccine. 
B) ingestion of interferon. 
C) placental transfer of antibodies. 
D) absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes. 
E) injection of antibodies.

Question 3

Arrange these components of the mammalian immune system as it first responds to a pathogen in the correct sequence. I. Pathogen is destroyed.
II. Lymphocytes secrete antibodies.
III. Antigenic determinants from pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes.
IV. Lymphocytes specific to antigenic determinants from pathogen become numerous.
V. Only memory cells remain.

Accepted Answer

A) I → III → II → IV → V 
B) III → II → I → V → IV 
C) II → I → IV → III → V 
D) IV → II → III → I → V 
E) III → IV → II → I → V 
A) I → III → II → IV → V 
B) III → II → I → V → IV 
C) II → I → IV → III → V 
D) IV → II → III → I → V 
E) III → IV → II → I → V

Question 4

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
John is in the hospital recovering from kidney transplant surgery. He is currently taking a cocktail of anti-rejection drugs. Friends and family have come to visit with John, including his cousin Susan who is suffering from a cold.
-Why should Susan have stayed home?

Accepted Answer

A) She needs rest in order to recover from her illness. 
B) John's immune system is suppressed due to the anti-rejection drugs he is taking. 
C) She is more susceptible to contracting additional illnesses while at the hospital. 
D) John's immune system is heightened due to the anti-rejection drugs he is taking. 
E) Susan poses no risk to John's wellbeing. 
A) She needs rest in order to recover from her illness. 
B) John's immune system is suppressed due to the anti-rejection drugs he is taking. 
C) She is more susceptible to contracting additional illnesses while at the hospital. 
D) John's immune system is heightened due to the anti-rejection drugs he is taking. 
E) Susan poses no risk to John's wellbeing.

Question 5

Secondary immune responses upon a second exposure to a pathogen are due to the activation of

Accepted Answer

A) memory cells. 
B) macrophages. 
C) stem cells. 
D) B cells. 
E) T cells. 
A) memory cells. 
B) macrophages. 
C) stem cells. 
D) B cells. 
E) T cells.

Question 6

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
John is in the hospital recovering from kidney transplant surgery. He is currently taking a cocktail of anti-rejection drugs. Friends and family have come to visit with John, including his cousin Susan who is suffering from a cold.
-The molecule that stimulates the immune response that leads to rejection is

Accepted Answer

A) MHC. 
B) TLR. 
C) signalling molecule. 
D) polysaccharide. 
E) immunoglobulin. 
A) MHC. 
B) TLR. 
C) signalling molecule. 
D) polysaccharide. 
E) immunoglobulin.

Question 7

Clonal selection of B cells activated by antigen exposure leads to production of

Accepted Answer

A) large numbers of neutrophils. 
B) large quantities of the antigen initially recognized. 
C) vast numbers of B cells with random antigen-recognition receptors. 
D) long-lived erythrocytes that can later secrete antibodies for the antigen. 
E) short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen. 
A) large numbers of neutrophils. 
B) large quantities of the antigen initially recognized. 
C) vast numbers of B cells with random antigen-recognition receptors. 
D) long-lived erythrocytes that can later secrete antibodies for the antigen. 
E) short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen.

Question 8

A systemic inflammatory response that is often life-threatening is

Accepted Answer

A) mild fever. 
B) aches and dull pain. 
C) septic shock. 
D) high blood pressure. 
E) increased white blood cell count. 
A) mild fever. 
B) aches and dull pain. 
C) septic shock. 
D) high blood pressure. 
E) increased white blood cell count.

Question 9

Among the last line of defences against prolonged exposure to an extracellular pathogen is

Accepted Answer

A) lysozyme production. 
B) phagocytosis by neutrophils. 
C) antibody production by plasma cells. 
D) histamine release by basophils. 
E) lysis by natural killer cells. 
A) lysozyme production. 
B) phagocytosis by neutrophils. 
C) antibody production by plasma cells. 
D) histamine release by basophils. 
E) lysis by natural killer cells.

Question 10

Septic shock, a systemic response including high fever and low blood pressure, is a response to

Accepted Answer

A) certain bacterial infections. 
B) specific forms of viruses. 
C) the presence of natural killer cells. 
D) a fever of >39.5°C in adults. 
E) increased production of neutrophils. 
A) certain bacterial infections. 
B) specific forms of viruses. 
C) the presence of natural killer cells. 
D) a fever of >39.5°C in adults. 
E) increased production of neutrophils.

Exam 43: The Immune System

Select the pathway that would lead to the activation of B cells in the humoral immune response.

Naturally acquired passive immunity results from the

Secondary immune responses upon a second exposure to a pathogen are due to the activation of

Clonal selection of B cells activated by antigen exposure leads to production of

A systemic inflammatory response that is often life-threatening is

Among the last line of defences against prolonged exposure to an extracellular pathogen is

Septic shock, a systemic response including high fever and low blood pressure, is a response to

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

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The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

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Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

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Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

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An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

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