Question 1

Which of the following is of least concern to a researcher in a mineral nutrition experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) purity of the chemicals used to make the nutrient solutions 
B) purity of the water used to make the nutrient solutions 
C) chemical inertness of the container used to make and store the nutrient solutions 
D) ability of a laboratory balance to weigh very small quantities of chemicals 
E) medium in which the test seedlings were grown 
A) purity of the chemicals used to make the nutrient solutions 
B) purity of the water used to make the nutrient solutions 
C) chemical inertness of the container used to make and store the nutrient solutions 
D) ability of a laboratory balance to weigh very small quantities of chemicals 
E) medium in which the test seedlings were grown

Question 2

In a root nodule, the gene coding for nitrogenase

Accepted Answer

A) is inactivated by leghemoglobin. 
B) is absent in active bacteroids. 
C) is found in the cells of the pericycle. 
D) protects the nodule from nitrogen. 
E) is part of the Rhizobium genome. 
A) is inactivated by leghemoglobin. 
B) is absent in active bacteroids. 
C) is found in the cells of the pericycle. 
D) protects the nodule from nitrogen. 
E) is part of the Rhizobium genome.

Question 3

You are weeding your garden when you accidentally expose some roots of your pea plants. You notice swellings (root nodules)on the roots and there is a reddish tinge to the ones you accidentally damaged. Most likely your pea plants

Accepted Answer

A) suffer from a mineral deficiency. 
B) are infected with a parasite. 
C) are benefiting from a mutualistic bacterium. 
D) are developing offshoots from the root. 
E) contain developing insect pupa. 
A) suffer from a mineral deficiency. 
B) are infected with a parasite. 
C) are benefiting from a mutualistic bacterium. 
D) are developing offshoots from the root. 
E) contain developing insect pupa.

Question 4

Upregulation of leghemoglobin biosynthesis in a leguminous species would most likely indicate

Accepted Answer

A) the plant is suffering from a mineral deficiency. 
B) the successful inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
C) the plant is suffering from water stress. 
D) the plant has been infected with mycorrhizae. 
E) an increase in the biosynthesis of amino acids. 
A) the plant is suffering from a mineral deficiency. 
B) the successful inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
C) the plant is suffering from water stress. 
D) the plant has been infected with mycorrhizae. 
E) an increase in the biosynthesis of amino acids.

Question 5

The most efficient way to increase essential amino acids in crop plants for human consumption would be to

Accepted Answer

A) breed for higher yield of deficient amino acids. 
B) increase the amount of fertilizer used on fields. 
C) use 20-20-20 fertilizer instead of 20-5-5 fertilizer. 
D) engineer nitrogen-fixing nodules into crop plants lacking them. 
E) increase irrigation of nitrogen-fixing crops. 
A) breed for higher yield of deficient amino acids. 
B) increase the amount of fertilizer used on fields. 
C) use 20-20-20 fertilizer instead of 20-5-5 fertilizer. 
D) engineer nitrogen-fixing nodules into crop plants lacking them. 
E) increase irrigation of nitrogen-fixing crops.

Question 6

Rhizobia and mycorrhizae share all of the following features except

Accepted Answer

A) they both benefit by receiving carbohydrate from the plant. 
B) many are host-specific. 
C) they both become parasitic in nutrient-rich environments. 
D) they both enhance the growth of most plants. 
E) they both are found in most ecosystems of the world. 
A) they both benefit by receiving carbohydrate from the plant. 
B) many are host-specific. 
C) they both become parasitic in nutrient-rich environments. 
D) they both enhance the growth of most plants. 
E) they both are found in most ecosystems of the world.

Question 7

Leghemoglobin is produced in some root nodules to

Accepted Answer

A) transport oxygen from air in the soil to the root tissues. 
B) bind oxygen in the nodule to keep the area anaerobic. 
C) supply iron to the nitrogenase enzyme. 
D) feed the symbiotic bacteria. 
E) attract bacteria in the soil to the developing nodule. 
A) transport oxygen from air in the soil to the root tissues. 
B) bind oxygen in the nodule to keep the area anaerobic. 
C) supply iron to the nitrogenase enzyme. 
D) feed the symbiotic bacteria. 
E) attract bacteria in the soil to the developing nodule.

Question 8

The figure below shows the results of a study to determine the effect of soil air spaces on plant growth.
  
-The best conclusion drawn from the data in the above figure is that the plant

Accepted Answer

A) grows best without air in the soil. 
B) grows fastest in 5-10% air. 
C) grows best at soil air levels above 15%. 
D) does not respond differently to different levels of air in the soil. 
E) would grow to 24 grams in 40% soil air. 
A) grows best without air in the soil. 
B) grows fastest in 5-10% air. 
C) grows best at soil air levels above 15%. 
D) does not respond differently to different levels of air in the soil. 
E) would grow to 24 grams in 40% soil air.

Question 9

Nitrogen fixation is a process that

Accepted Answer

A) recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials. 
B) converts ammonia to ammonium. 
C) releases nitrate from the rock substrate. 
D) converts nitrogen gas into ammonia. 
E) recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials, and converts ammonia to ammonium. 
A) recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials. 
B) converts ammonia to ammonium. 
C) releases nitrate from the rock substrate. 
D) converts nitrogen gas into ammonia. 
E) recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials, and converts ammonia to ammonium.

Question 10

The following questions refer to the description below.
Soil can be considered a complex ecosystem because it contains inorganic particles, minerals, water, and a large diversity of living organisms that all interact with one another. Plants need soil to grow and humans depend on plants for food, building supplies, a source of heat, etc.
-Since soil provides plants with a substrate for support and water, minerals, and oxygen, what is a plausible hypothesis to explain the evolution of carnivorous plants?

Accepted Answer

A) Not all soils are rich in nutrients, and parasitic plants that live in soils that are poor in oxygen and carbon can supplement their needs by digesting animals. 
B) If plants that consume insects grow faster and have higher reproductive success, then carnivory is adaptive. 
C) These plants have a mutant gene that decreases photosynthetic output. 
D) Carnivorous plants are rare and compete poorly with noncarniverous plants. 
E) Carnivorous plants are parasites on many invertebrates and small vertebrates. 
A) Not all soils are rich in nutrients, and parasitic plants that live in soils that are poor in oxygen and carbon can supplement their needs by digesting animals. 
B) If plants that consume insects grow faster and have higher reproductive success, then carnivory is adaptive. 
C) These plants have a mutant gene that decreases photosynthetic output. 
D) Carnivorous plants are rare and compete poorly with noncarniverous plants. 
E) Carnivorous plants are parasites on many invertebrates and small vertebrates.

Question 11

A farmer noted that many of his tomato fruits turned brown at the base as they ripened. The following spring when he replanted, seedlings only grew for a few weeks before the apical tips of many of the plants turned brown and the plants ultimately died. The most likely explanation for this observation is a soil deficiency in

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogen. 
B) phosphorus. 
C) potassium. 
D) calcium. 
E) magnesium. 
A) nitrogen. 
B) phosphorus. 
C) potassium. 
D) calcium. 
E) magnesium.

Exam 37: Soil and Plant Nutrition

Which of the following is of least concern to a researcher in a mineral nutrition experiment?

In a root nodule, the gene coding for nitrogenase

You are weeding your garden when you accidentally expose some roots of your pea plants. You notice swellings (root nodules)on the roots and there is a reddish tinge to the ones you accidentally damaged. Most likely your pea plants

Upregulation of leghemoglobin biosynthesis in a leguminous species would most likely indicate

The most efficient way to increase essential amino acids in crop plants for human consumption would be to

Rhizobia and mycorrhizae share all of the following features except

Leghemoglobin is produced in some root nodules to

The figure below shows the results of a study to determine the effect of soil air spaces on plant growth. -The best conclusion drawn from the data in the above figure is that the plant

Nitrogen fixation is a process that

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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