Question 1

Most of the dry weight of a plant is derived from

Accepted Answer

A) NO₃ and CO₂. 
B) K and CO₂. 
C) PO₄ and K. 
D) H₂O and K. 
E) H₂O and CO₂. 
A) NO₃ and CO₂. 
B) K and CO₂. 
C) PO₄ and K. 
D) H₂O and K. 
E) H₂O and CO₂.

Question 2

Which of the following would be in the lowest concentration in an actively growing shoot tip?

Accepted Answer

A) zinc 
B) nitrogen 
C) phosphorus 
D) potassium 
E) calcium 
A) zinc 
B) nitrogen 
C) phosphorus 
D) potassium 
E) calcium

Question 3

We would expect the greatest difference in plant health between two groups of plants of the same species, one group with mycorrhizae and one group without mycorrhizae, in an environment

Accepted Answer

A) where nitrogen-fixing bacteria are abundant. 
B) that has soil with poor drainage. 
C) that has hot summers and cold winters. 
D) in which the soil is relatively deficient in mineral nutrients. 
E) that is near a body of water, such as a pond or river. 
A) where nitrogen-fixing bacteria are abundant. 
B) that has soil with poor drainage. 
C) that has hot summers and cold winters. 
D) in which the soil is relatively deficient in mineral nutrients. 
E) that is near a body of water, such as a pond or river.

Question 4

Rhizobia, actinomycetes, and cyanobacteria all share the common feature that they can

Accepted Answer

A) increase water uptake in plants. 
B) increase nutrient availability in the soil for plants. 
C) kill parasites in the soil. 
D) exist in extreme environments. 
E) fix atmospheric nitrogen. 
A) increase water uptake in plants. 
B) increase nutrient availability in the soil for plants. 
C) kill parasites in the soil. 
D) exist in extreme environments. 
E) fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Question 5

There are several properties that are characteristic of a soil in which typical plants would grow well. Of the following, which would be the least conducive to plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A) abundant humus 
B) numerous soil organisms 
C) compacted soil 
D) high porosity 
E) high cation exchange capacity 
A) abundant humus 
B) numerous soil organisms 
C) compacted soil 
D) high porosity 
E) high cation exchange capacity

Question 6

In hydroponic culture, what is the purpose of bubbling air into the solute?

Accepted Answer

A) to keep dissolved nutrients evenly distributed 
B) to provide oxygen to the root cells 
C) to inhibit the growth of aerobic algae 
D) to inhibit the growth of anaerobic bacteria 
E) to provide CO₂ for photosynthesis 
A) to keep dissolved nutrients evenly distributed 
B) to provide oxygen to the root cells 
C) to inhibit the growth of aerobic algae 
D) to inhibit the growth of anaerobic bacteria 
E) to provide CO₂ for photosynthesis

Question 7

A corn (Zea mays)mutant is developed that is deficient in magnesium uptake. The most likely phenotypic expression would be

Accepted Answer

A) chlorosis, especially in the older leaves. 
B) a purple tinge to actively growing shoots. 
C) severely stunted root growth and branching. 
D) a reduction in leaf surface area. 
E) a delay in flowering. 
A) chlorosis, especially in the older leaves. 
B) a purple tinge to actively growing shoots. 
C) severely stunted root growth and branching. 
D) a reduction in leaf surface area. 
E) a delay in flowering.

Question 8

When comparing a developing leaf with a fully mature leaf, the developing leaf will have

Accepted Answer

A) a lower water content. 
B) higher nutrient levels. 
C) a lower DNA content. 
D) a higher photosynthetic rate. 
E) a lower gas exchange rate. 
A) a lower water content. 
B) higher nutrient levels. 
C) a lower DNA content. 
D) a higher photosynthetic rate. 
E) a lower gas exchange rate.

Question 9

Which of the following plant structures shares the most common features and functions with a fungal hyphae?

Accepted Answer

A) stomata 
B) vascular cambium 
C) lenticels 
D) root hairs 
E) prop roots 
A) stomata 
B) vascular cambium 
C) lenticels 
D) root hairs 
E) prop roots

Question 10

You are conducting an experiment on plant growth. You take a plant fresh from the soil that weighs 5 kg. Then you dry the plant overnight and determine the dry weight to be 1 kg. Of this dry weight, how much would you expect to be made up of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 gram 
B) 4 grams 
C) 40 grams 
D) 960 grams 
E) 1 kg 
A) 1 gram 
B) 4 grams 
C) 40 grams 
D) 960 grams 
E) 1 kg

Question 11

Which of the following is a primary difference between ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae?

Accepted Answer

A) Endomycorrhizae have thicker, shorter hyphae than ectomycorrhizae. 
B) Endomycorrhizae, but not ectomycorrhizae, form a dense sheath over the surface of the root. 
C) Ectomycorrhizae do not penetrate root cells, whereas endomycorrhizae grow into invaginations of the root cell membranes. 
D) Ectomycorrhizae are found in woody plant species; about 85% of plant families form ectomycorrhizae. 
E) There are no significant differences between ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae. 
A) Endomycorrhizae have thicker, shorter hyphae than ectomycorrhizae. 
B) Endomycorrhizae, but not ectomycorrhizae, form a dense sheath over the surface of the root. 
C) Ectomycorrhizae do not penetrate root cells, whereas endomycorrhizae grow into invaginations of the root cell membranes. 
D) Ectomycorrhizae are found in woody plant species; about 85% of plant families form ectomycorrhizae. 
E) There are no significant differences between ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae.

Question 12

A farming commitment that embraces a variety of methods that are conservation-minded, environmentally safe, and profitable is called

Accepted Answer

A) hydroponics. 
B) nitrogen fixation. 
C) responsible irrigation. 
D) genetic engineering. 
E) sustainable agriculture. 
A) hydroponics. 
B) nitrogen fixation. 
C) responsible irrigation. 
D) genetic engineering. 
E) sustainable agriculture.

Question 13

The specific relationship between a legume and its mutualistic Rhizobium strain probably depends on

Accepted Answer

A) each legume having a chemical dialogue with a fungus. 
B) each Rhizobium strain having a form of nitrogenase that works only in the appropriate legume host. 
C) each legume being found where the soil has only the Rhizobium specific to that legume. 
D) specific recognition between the chemical signals and signal receptors of the Rhizobium strain and legume species. 
E) destruction of all incompatible Rhizobium strains by enzymes secreted from the legume's roots. 
A) each legume having a chemical dialogue with a fungus. 
B) each Rhizobium strain having a form of nitrogenase that works only in the appropriate legume host. 
C) each legume being found where the soil has only the Rhizobium specific to that legume. 
D) specific recognition between the chemical signals and signal receptors of the Rhizobium strain and legume species. 
E) destruction of all incompatible Rhizobium strains by enzymes secreted from the legume's roots.

Question 14

The following statements are true about carnivorous plants, with the exception of

Accepted Answer

A) all parasitic plants lack chlorophyll. 
B) carnivorous plants do not require insects to survive. 
C) many carnivorous plants live in acid bogs. 
D) some plants are parasites of mycorrhizae. 
E) carnivorous plants capture both insects and small mammals. 
A) all parasitic plants lack chlorophyll. 
B) carnivorous plants do not require insects to survive. 
C) many carnivorous plants live in acid bogs. 
D) some plants are parasites of mycorrhizae. 
E) carnivorous plants capture both insects and small mammals.

Question 15

The figure below shows the results of a study to determine the effect of soil air spaces on plant growth.
  
-The best explanation for the shape of the growth response curve in the above figure is that

Accepted Answer

A) the plant requires air in the soil for photosynthesis. 
B) the roots are able to absorb more nitrogen (N₂)in high levels of air. 
C) most of the decrease in weight at low air levels is due to transpiration from the leaves. 
D) increased soil air produces more root mass in the soil but does not affect the top stems and leaves. 
E) the roots require oxygen for respiration and growth. 
A) the plant requires air in the soil for photosynthesis. 
B) the roots are able to absorb more nitrogen (N₂)in high levels of air. 
C) most of the decrease in weight at low air levels is due to transpiration from the leaves. 
D) increased soil air produces more root mass in the soil but does not affect the top stems and leaves. 
E) the roots require oxygen for respiration and growth.

Question 16

Most of the mass of organic material of a plant comes from

Accepted Answer

A) water. 
B) carbon dioxide. 
C) soil minerals. 
D) atmospheric oxygen. 
E) nitrogen. 
A) water. 
B) carbon dioxide. 
C) soil minerals. 
D) atmospheric oxygen. 
E) nitrogen.

Question 17

Plant roots can enhance the availability of mineral nutrients for uptake by

Accepted Answer

A) increased respiration. 
B) increased photosynthesis. 
C) release of chelating agents. 
D) growing faster. 
E) acidifying the soil. 
A) increased respiration. 
B) increased photosynthesis. 
C) release of chelating agents. 
D) growing faster. 
E) acidifying the soil.

Question 18

Iron deficiency is often indicated by yellowing in newly formed leaves. This suggests that iron

Accepted Answer

A) is a relatively immobile nutrient in plants. 
B) is tied up in formed chlorophyll molecules. 
C) is concentrated in the xylem of older leaves. 
D) is concentrated in the phloem of older leaves. 
E) is found in leghemoglobin and reduces the amount available to new plant parts. 
A) is a relatively immobile nutrient in plants. 
B) is tied up in formed chlorophyll molecules. 
C) is concentrated in the xylem of older leaves. 
D) is concentrated in the phloem of older leaves. 
E) is found in leghemoglobin and reduces the amount available to new plant parts.

Question 19

A growing plant exhibits chlorosis of the leaves, especially the older, more mature ones. The chlorosis is probably due to a deficiency of which of the following macronutrients?

Accepted Answer

A) carbon 
B) oxygen 
C) nitrogen 
D) calcium 
E) hydrogen 
A) carbon 
B) oxygen 
C) nitrogen 
D) calcium 
E) hydrogen

Question 20

Why is nitrogen fixation an essential process?

Accepted Answer

A) Nitrogen fixation can only be done by certain prokaryotes. 
B) Fixed nitrogen is often the limiting factor in plant growth. 
C) Nitrogen fixation is very expensive in terms of metabolic energy. 
D) Nitrogen fixers are sometimes symbiotic with legumes. 
E) Nitrogen-fixing capacity can be genetically engineered. 
A) Nitrogen fixation can only be done by certain prokaryotes. 
B) Fixed nitrogen is often the limiting factor in plant growth. 
C) Nitrogen fixation is very expensive in terms of metabolic energy. 
D) Nitrogen fixers are sometimes symbiotic with legumes. 
E) Nitrogen-fixing capacity can be genetically engineered.

Exam 37: Soil and Plant Nutrition

Most of the dry weight of a plant is derived from

Which of the following would be in the lowest concentration in an actively growing shoot tip?

We would expect the greatest difference in plant health between two groups of plants of the same species, one group with mycorrhizae and one group without mycorrhizae, in an environment

Rhizobia, actinomycetes, and cyanobacteria all share the common feature that they can

There are several properties that are characteristic of a soil in which typical plants would grow well. Of the following, which would be the least conducive to plant growth?

In hydroponic culture, what is the purpose of bubbling air into the solute?

A corn (Zea mays)mutant is developed that is deficient in magnesium uptake. The most likely phenotypic expression would be

When comparing a developing leaf with a fully mature leaf, the developing leaf will have

Which of the following plant structures shares the most common features and functions with a fungal hyphae?

You are conducting an experiment on plant growth. You take a plant fresh from the soil that weighs 5 kg. Then you dry the plant overnight and determine the dry weight to be 1 kg. Of this dry weight, how much would you expect to be made up of organic molecules?

Which of the following is a primary difference between ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae?

A farming commitment that embraces a variety of methods that are conservation-minded, environmentally safe, and profitable is called

The specific relationship between a legume and its mutualistic Rhizobium strain probably depends on

The following statements are true about carnivorous plants, with the exception of

The figure below shows the results of a study to determine the effect of soil air spaces on plant growth. -The best explanation for the shape of the growth response curve in the above figure is that

Most of the mass of organic material of a plant comes from

Plant roots can enhance the availability of mineral nutrients for uptake by

Iron deficiency is often indicated by yellowing in newly formed leaves. This suggests that iron

A growing plant exhibits chlorosis of the leaves, especially the older, more mature ones. The chlorosis is probably due to a deficiency of which of the following macronutrients?

Why is nitrogen fixation an essential process?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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