Question 1

Which statement is false about giant cell tumors?

Accepted Answer

A) They are an overexpression of genes including osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL). 
B) They are malignant, solitary, irregularly shaped tumors. 
C) They are typically located in the epiphysis in the femur, tibia, radius, and humerus. 
D) They are slow-growing tumors that extend over the articular cartilage. 
A) They are an overexpression of genes including osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL). 
B) They are malignant, solitary, irregularly shaped tumors. 
C) They are typically located in the epiphysis in the femur, tibia, radius, and humerus. 
D) They are slow-growing tumors that extend over the articular cartilage.

Question 2

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics.
-Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency

Accepted Answer

A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairs the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease 
A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairs the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease

Question 3

In osteoarthritis, what is the effect of the disruption of the pumping action of proteoglycans?

Accepted Answer

A) Pump malfunction stimulates the induction of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO), which degrades the cartilage. 
B) Cartilage is damaged by proteolytic enzymes because they cannot be pumped out of the joint. 
C) Cartilage becomes dry, brittle, and wears away because fluid cannot be pumped into the cartilage. 
D) Cartilage takes in too much fluid and is unable to withstand the stresses of weightbearing. 
A) Pump malfunction stimulates the induction of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO), which degrades the cartilage. 
B) Cartilage is damaged by proteolytic enzymes because they cannot be pumped out of the joint. 
C) Cartilage becomes dry, brittle, and wears away because fluid cannot be pumped into the cartilage. 
D) Cartilage takes in too much fluid and is unable to withstand the stresses of weightbearing.

Question 4

The pathophysiology of gout is closely linked to the metabolism of:

Accepted Answer

A) purine. 
B) pyrimidine. 
C) vitamin E. 
D) amino acid. 
A) purine. 
B) pyrimidine. 
C) vitamin E. 
D) amino acid.

Question 5

Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, which hormone exerts antiapoptotic effects on osteoblasts, but proapoptotic effects on osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

A) Parathyroid hormone 
B) Glucocorticoid 
C) Growth hormone 
D) Estrogen 
A) Parathyroid hormone 
B) Glucocorticoid 
C) Growth hormone 
D) Estrogen

Question 6

What pattern of bone destruction is described as not well defined and not easily separated from normal bone?

Accepted Answer

A) Moth-eaten 
B) Permeative 
C) Geographic 
D) Porous 
A) Moth-eaten 
B) Permeative 
C) Geographic 
D) Porous

Question 7

What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis?

Accepted Answer

A) Reduced excretion of purines 
B) Overproduction of uric acid 
C) Increase in the glycosaminoglycan levels 
D) Overproduction of proteoglycans 
A) Reduced excretion of purines 
B) Overproduction of uric acid 
C) Increase in the glycosaminoglycan levels 
D) Overproduction of proteoglycans

Question 8

_____ is the temporary displacement of two bones in which the bone surfaces partially lose contact.

Accepted Answer

A) Dislocation 
B) Subluxation 
C) Malunion 
D) Nonunion 
A) Dislocation 
B) Subluxation 
C) Malunion 
D) Nonunion

Question 9

Alcohol abuse is the most common cause of toxic myopathy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

When considering osteomyelitis, sequestrum is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) area of devascularized and devitalized bone. 
B) enzyme that phagocytizes necrotic bone. 
C) subperiosteal abscess. 
D) layer of new bone surrounding the infected bone. 
A) area of devascularized and devitalized bone. 
B) enzyme that phagocytizes necrotic bone. 
C) subperiosteal abscess. 
D) layer of new bone surrounding the infected bone.

Question 11

Clinical manifestations of fibromyalgia include:

Accepted Answer

A) hot, tender, and edematous muscle groups bilaterally. 
B) fasciculations of the upper and lower extremity muscles. 
C) exercise intolerance and painful muscle cramps. 
D) burning or gnawing pain at tender points and profound fatigue. 
A) hot, tender, and edematous muscle groups bilaterally. 
B) fasciculations of the upper and lower extremity muscles. 
C) exercise intolerance and painful muscle cramps. 
D) burning or gnawing pain at tender points and profound fatigue.

Question 12

What is the diagnosis of a person who has tennis elbow characterized by tissue degeneration or irritation of the extensor carpi brevis tendon?

Accepted Answer

A) Lateral epicondylitis 
B) Medial tendinitis 
C) Bursitis 
D) Lateral tendinitis 
A) Lateral epicondylitis 
B) Medial tendinitis 
C) Bursitis 
D) Lateral tendinitis

Question 13

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics.
-Polymyositis

Accepted Answer

A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairs the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease 
A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairs the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease

Question 14

The most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis is:

Accepted Answer

A) bone deformity. 
B) bone pain. 
C) pathologic fracture. 
D) muscle strain. 
A) bone deformity. 
B) bone pain. 
C) pathologic fracture. 
D) muscle strain.

Question 15

Acute alcoholic myopathy, McArdle disease, and disorders of lipid metabolism in muscles:

Accepted Answer

A) are autoimmune diseases. 
B) are capable of depositing immune complexes in muscles. 
C) are causes of myoglobinuria. 
D) result in progressive muscle weakness. 
A) are autoimmune diseases. 
B) are capable of depositing immune complexes in muscles. 
C) are causes of myoglobinuria. 
D) result in progressive muscle weakness.

Exam 42: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Which statement is false about giant cell tumors?

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics. -Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency

In osteoarthritis, what is the effect of the disruption of the pumping action of proteoglycans?

The pathophysiology of gout is closely linked to the metabolism of:

Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, which hormone exerts antiapoptotic effects on osteoblasts, but proapoptotic effects on osteoclasts?

What pattern of bone destruction is described as not well defined and not easily separated from normal bone?

What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis?

_____ is the temporary displacement of two bones in which the bone surfaces partially lose contact.

Alcohol abuse is the most common cause of toxic myopathy.

When considering osteomyelitis, sequestrum is a(n):

Clinical manifestations of fibromyalgia include:

What is the diagnosis of a person who has tennis elbow characterized by tissue degeneration or irritation of the extensor carpi brevis tendon?

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics. -Polymyositis

The most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis is:

Acute alcoholic myopathy, McArdle disease, and disorders of lipid metabolism in muscles:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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