Question 1

The pulmonary defense mechanism that propels a mucous blanket entrapping particles moving towards the oropharynx are the:

Accepted Answer

A) nasal turbinates. 
B) alveolar macrophages. 
C) cilia. 
D) irritant receptors on the nares. 
A) nasal turbinates. 
B) alveolar macrophages. 
C) cilia. 
D) irritant receptors on the nares. C

Question 2

Stretch receptors as well as peripheral chemoreceptors send afferent impulses regarding ventilation to the:

Accepted Answer

A) pneumotaxic center in the pons. 
B) apneustic center in the pons. 
C) dorsal respiratory group in the medulla oblongata. 
D) ventral respiratory group in the medulla oblongata. 
A) pneumotaxic center in the pons. 
B) apneustic center in the pons. 
C) dorsal respiratory group in the medulla oblongata. 
D) ventral respiratory group in the medulla oblongata. C

Question 3

Match the location of each receptor.
-Located in smooth muscles of airways

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors B

Question 4

If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to:

Accepted Answer

A) shift to the right, causing more O₂ to be released to the cells. 
B) shift to the left, allowing less O₂ to be released to the cells. 
C) show no change, allowing the O₂ concentration to remain stable. 
D) show dramatic fluctuation, allowing the O₂ concentration to increase. 
A) shift to the right, causing more O₂ to be released to the cells. 
B) shift to the left, allowing less O₂ to be released to the cells. 
C) show no change, allowing the O₂ concentration to remain stable. 
D) show dramatic fluctuation, allowing the O₂ concentration to increase.

Question 5

Match the location of each receptor.
-Located near the respiratory center

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors

Question 6

Match the receptor with its action and then with its location. Receptors may be used more than once.
-Initiates rapid, shallow breathing

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors

Question 7

Match the location of each receptor.
-Located in the aortic bodies, aortic arch, and carotid bodies at the bifurcation of the carotids

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors

Question 8

Match the receptor with its action and then with its location. Receptors may be used more than once.
-Monitors pH, PaCO₂, and PaO₂ in blood

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors

Question 9

The adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation is assessed best by monitoring:

Accepted Answer

A) ventilatory rate. 
B) ventilatory pattern. 
C) respiratory effort. 
D) arterial blood gas. 
A) ventilatory rate. 
B) ventilatory pattern. 
C) respiratory effort. 
D) arterial blood gas.

Question 10

The lungs contain only superficial lymphatic capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via the _____ nerve.

Accepted Answer

A) vagus 
B) phrenic 
C) brachial 
D) pectoral 
A) vagus 
B) phrenic 
C) brachial 
D) pectoral

Question 12

The PaO₂ must drop below 80 mmHg before the peripheral chemoreceptors have much influence on ventilation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Where in the lung does gas exchange occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Trachea 
B) Segmental bronchi 
C) Alveolocapillary membrane 
D) Main bronchus 
A) Trachea 
B) Segmental bronchi 
C) Alveolocapillary membrane 
D) Main bronchus

Question 14

Air passage between alveoli is collateral and evenly distributed because of the:

Accepted Answer

A) type I alveolar cells. 
B) pores of Kohn. 
C) acinus pores. 
D) alveolar pores. 
A) type I alveolar cells. 
B) pores of Kohn. 
C) acinus pores. 
D) alveolar pores.

Question 15

Ventilation exceeds perfusion in the bases of the lungs, whereas perfusion exceeds ventilation in the apices of the lungs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

_____ secrete surfactant, a lipoprotein that coats the inner surface of the alveoli.

Accepted Answer

A) Type I alveolar cells 
B) Type II alveolar cells 
C) Alveolar macrophages 
D) All of the above 
A) Type I alveolar cells 
B) Type II alveolar cells 
C) Alveolar macrophages 
D) All of the above

Question 17

The trachea bifurcates into two bronchi at the carina.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The oropharynx is considered part of a conduction airway.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Match the receptor with its action and then with its location. Receptors may be used more than once.
-Hering-Breuer expiratory reflex

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors

Question 20

Pressure in the pleural space is:

Accepted Answer

A) atmospheric. 
B) below atmospheric. 
C) above atmospheric. 
D) variable. 
A) atmospheric. 
B) below atmospheric. 
C) above atmospheric. 
D) variable.

Exam 32: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

The pulmonary defense mechanism that propels a mucous blanket entrapping particles moving towards the oropharynx are the:

Stretch receptors as well as peripheral chemoreceptors send afferent impulses regarding ventilation to the:

Match the location of each receptor. -Located in smooth muscles of airways

If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to:

Match the location of each receptor. -Located near the respiratory center

Match the receptor with its action and then with its location. Receptors may be used more than once. -Initiates rapid, shallow breathing

Match the location of each receptor. -Located in the aortic bodies, aortic arch, and carotid bodies at the bifurcation of the carotids

Match the receptor with its action and then with its location. Receptors may be used more than once. -Monitors pH, PaCO₂, and PaO₂ in blood

The adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation is assessed best by monitoring:

The lungs contain only superficial lymphatic capillaries.

The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via the _____ nerve.

The PaO₂ must drop below 80 mmHg before the peripheral chemoreceptors have much influence on ventilation.

Where in the lung does gas exchange occur?

Air passage between alveoli is collateral and evenly distributed because of the:

Ventilation exceeds perfusion in the bases of the lungs, whereas perfusion exceeds ventilation in the apices of the lungs.

_____ secrete surfactant, a lipoprotein that coats the inner surface of the alveoli.

The trachea bifurcates into two bronchi at the carina.

The oropharynx is considered part of a conduction airway.

Match the receptor with its action and then with its location. Receptors may be used more than once. -Hering-Breuer expiratory reflex

Pressure in the pleural space is:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

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Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

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Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

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Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

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Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

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Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

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Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

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Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

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Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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