Question 1

Which cytokine is involved in producing cachexia syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) Interleukin-1 (IL-1) 
B) Colony-stimulating factor (CSF) 
C) Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 
D) Interleukin-15 (IL-15) 
A) Interleukin-1 (IL-1) 
B) Colony-stimulating factor (CSF) 
C) Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 
D) Interleukin-15 (IL-15) C

Question 2

Anaplasia is recognized by loss of organization and a marked increase in nuclear size.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

How does chronic inflammation cause cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) By vasodilation and increased permeability that alter cellular response to DNA damage 
B) By liberating lysosomal enzymes when cells are damaged, which initiates mutations 
C) By releasing compounds such as reactive oxygen species that promote mutations 
D) By increasing the abundance of leukotrienes that are associated with some cancers 
A) By vasodilation and increased permeability that alter cellular response to DNA damage 
B) By liberating lysosomal enzymes when cells are damaged, which initiates mutations 
C) By releasing compounds such as reactive oxygen species that promote mutations 
D) By increasing the abundance of leukotrienes that are associated with some cancers C

Question 4

As a tumor increases in size, some cells undergo apoptosis.The only cells to survive and multiply are those with mutations to one copy of the TP53 gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What are characteristics of benign tumors?

Accepted Answer

A) They invade local tissues. 
B) They spread through lymph. 
C) They cause systemic symptoms. 
D) They include the suffix "-oma." 
A) They invade local tissues. 
B) They spread through lymph. 
C) They cause systemic symptoms. 
D) They include the suffix "-oma."

Question 6

Infection is the most significant cause of complications and death in individuals with cancer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

By what process does the ras gene convert from a proto-oncogene to an oncogene?

Accepted Answer

A) By designating a chromosome that has a piece of one chromosome fused to a piece of another chromosome 
B) By duplicating a small piece of a chromosome, repeatedly making numerous copies 
C) By alternating one or more nucleotide base pairs 
D) By promoting proliferation of growth signals by impairing tumor-suppressor genes 
A) By designating a chromosome that has a piece of one chromosome fused to a piece of another chromosome 
B) By duplicating a small piece of a chromosome, repeatedly making numerous copies 
C) By alternating one or more nucleotide base pairs 
D) By promoting proliferation of growth signals by impairing tumor-suppressor genes

Question 8

Match the description with its corresponding term.
-Autocrine stimulation

Accepted Answer

A) Loss of differentiation 
B) Cancer cells secrete growth factor for their own growth 
C) Cells that vary in size and shape 
D) Unaltered normal allele 
E) Responsible for maintenance of genomic integrity 
A) Loss of differentiation 
B) Cancer cells secrete growth factor for their own growth 
C) Cells that vary in size and shape 
D) Unaltered normal allele 
E) Responsible for maintenance of genomic integrity

Question 9

What is apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

A) A normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive 
B) An antigrowth signal activated by tumor-suppressor gene Rb 
C) A mutation of cell growth stimulated by the TP53 gene 
D) The transformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasia 
A) A normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive 
B) An antigrowth signal activated by tumor-suppressor gene Rb 
C) A mutation of cell growth stimulated by the TP53 gene 
D) The transformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasia

Question 10

Match the mechanisms causing pain from tumor invasion with the organ commonly involved.
-Abdomen

Accepted Answer

A) Pressure 
B) Stretching 
C) Obstruction 
D) Tissue destruction 
A) Pressure 
B) Stretching 
C) Obstruction 
D) Tissue destruction

Question 11

Which biologic therapy produced by B lymphocytes is capable of binding to target cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Interferon 
B) Interleukin 
C) Erythropoietin 
D) Monoclonal antibodies 
A) Interferon 
B) Interleukin 
C) Erythropoietin 
D) Monoclonal antibodies

Question 12

Match the mechanisms causing pain from tumor invasion with the organ commonly involved.
-Buccal area

Accepted Answer

A) Pressure 
B) Stretching 
C) Obstruction 
D) Tissue destruction 
A) Pressure 
B) Stretching 
C) Obstruction 
D) Tissue destruction

Question 13

Most cancers must acquire mutation in six distinct areas: growth signals, antigrowth signals, evading apoptosis, replicating ability, angiogenesis, and invasion and metastasis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Match the description with its corresponding term.
-Caretaker gene

Accepted Answer

A) Loss of differentiation 
B) Cancer cells secrete growth factor for their own growth 
C) Cells that vary in size and shape 
D) Unaltered normal allele 
E) Responsible for maintenance of genomic integrity 
A) Loss of differentiation 
B) Cancer cells secrete growth factor for their own growth 
C) Cells that vary in size and shape 
D) Unaltered normal allele 
E) Responsible for maintenance of genomic integrity

Question 15

The Papanicolaou (Pap) test is used to screen for which cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) Ovarian 
B) Uterine 
C) Cervical 
D) Vaginal 
A) Ovarian 
B) Uterine 
C) Cervical 
D) Vaginal

Question 16

Match the mechanisms causing pain from tumor invasion with the organ commonly involved.
-Liver

Accepted Answer

A) Pressure 
B) Stretching 
C) Obstruction 
D) Tissue destruction 
A) Pressure 
B) Stretching 
C) Obstruction 
D) Tissue destruction

Question 17

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Monoclonal antibodies

Accepted Answer

A) Cancer cell growth 
B) Used to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal structures 
C) Forms antibodies specific for tumor antigen 
D) Agents that take advantage of specific vulnerabilities in target cancer cells 
E) Provides a framework to determine treatment 
A) Cancer cell growth 
B) Used to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal structures 
C) Forms antibodies specific for tumor antigen 
D) Agents that take advantage of specific vulnerabilities in target cancer cells 
E) Provides a framework to determine treatment

Question 18

Terminal cancers eventually produce pain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What are tumor cell markers?

Accepted Answer

A) Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies produced by cancer cells 
B) Receptor sites on tumor cells that can be identified and marked 
C) Cytokines produced against cancer cells 
D) Identification marks used in administering radiation therapy 
A) Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies produced by cancer cells 
B) Receptor sites on tumor cells that can be identified and marked 
C) Cytokines produced against cancer cells 
D) Identification marks used in administering radiation therapy

Question 20

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Staging

Accepted Answer

A) Cancer cell growth 
B) Used to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal structures 
C) Forms antibodies specific for tumor antigen 
D) Agents that take advantage of specific vulnerabilities in target cancer cells 
E) Provides a framework to determine treatment 
A) Cancer cell growth 
B) Used to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal structures 
C) Forms antibodies specific for tumor antigen 
D) Agents that take advantage of specific vulnerabilities in target cancer cells 
E) Provides a framework to determine treatment

Exam 11: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Which cytokine is involved in producing cachexia syndrome?

Anaplasia is recognized by loss of organization and a marked increase in nuclear size.

How does chronic inflammation cause cancer?

As a tumor increases in size, some cells undergo apoptosis.The only cells to survive and multiply are those with mutations to one copy of the TP53 gene.

What are characteristics of benign tumors?

Infection is the most significant cause of complications and death in individuals with cancer.

By what process does the ras gene convert from a proto-oncogene to an oncogene?

Match the description with its corresponding term. -Autocrine stimulation

What is apoptosis?

Match the mechanisms causing pain from tumor invasion with the organ commonly involved. -Abdomen

Which biologic therapy produced by B lymphocytes is capable of binding to target cells?

Match the mechanisms causing pain from tumor invasion with the organ commonly involved. -Buccal area

Most cancers must acquire mutation in six distinct areas: growth signals, antigrowth signals, evading apoptosis, replicating ability, angiogenesis, and invasion and metastasis.

Match the description with its corresponding term. -Caretaker gene

The Papanicolaou (Pap) test is used to screen for which cancer?

Match the mechanisms causing pain from tumor invasion with the organ commonly involved. -Liver

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Monoclonal antibodies

Terminal cancers eventually produce pain.

What are tumor cell markers?

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Staging

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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