Question 1

The pancreatic enzyme responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates is:

Accepted Answer

A) trypsin. 
B) amylase. 
C) lipase. 
D) chymotrypsin. 
A) trypsin. 
B) amylase. 
C) lipase. 
D) chymotrypsin. B

Question 2

Potassium concentration in gastric juice is greater than in plasma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion as well as the release of gastrin?

Accepted Answer

A) Bombesin 
B) Histamine 
C) Somatostatin 
D) Acetylcholine 
A) Bombesin 
B) Histamine 
C) Somatostatin 
D) Acetylcholine C

Question 4

The liver plays an important role in destroying intestinal bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which stimulus inhibits gastric motility by raising the threshold potential of muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

A) Estrogen 
B) Secretin 
C) Somatostatin 
D) Vagus nerve stimulation 
A) Estrogen 
B) Secretin 
C) Somatostatin 
D) Vagus nerve stimulation

Question 6

Match the hormone from the small intestine with its action. Hormones may be used more than once.
-Delays gastric and small bowel emptying

Accepted Answer

A) Peptide YY 
B) Secretin 
C) Cholecystokinin 
D) Enteroglucagon 
E) Pancreatic polypeptide 
A) Peptide YY 
B) Secretin 
C) Cholecystokinin 
D) Enteroglucagon 
E) Pancreatic polypeptide

Question 7

Bilirubin is a byproduct of the destruction of aged _____ that are destroyed by macrophages in the spleen and liver.

Accepted Answer

A) platelets 
B) protein 
C) leukocytes 
D) erythrocytes 
A) platelets 
B) protein 
C) leukocytes 
D) erythrocytes

Question 8

The intestinal tract is sterile at birth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In the small intestine, sodium is transported into the intestinal cells in exchange for _____ at the brush border.

Accepted Answer

A) potassium 
B) hydrogen 
C) calcium 
D) magnesium 
A) potassium 
B) hydrogen 
C) calcium 
D) magnesium

Question 10

The role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora is to:

Accepted Answer

A) metabolize bile salts, estrogens, and lipids. 
B) break down proteins into amino acids. 
C) facilitate the motility of the colon. 
D) metabolize aldosterone and insulin. 
A) metabolize bile salts, estrogens, and lipids. 
B) break down proteins into amino acids. 
C) facilitate the motility of the colon. 
D) metabolize aldosterone and insulin.

Question 11

Saliva contains which immunoglobulin?

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgM 
A) IgA 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgM

Question 12

Chloride actively enters the cell in exchange for _____ to maintain electroneutrality in the ileum.

Accepted Answer

A) sodium 
B) phosphate 
C) sulfate 
D) bicarbonate 
A) sodium 
B) phosphate 
C) sulfate 
D) bicarbonate

Question 13

The ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the peritoneum that contain an extensive vascular and nervous network that is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) ligament of Treitz. 
B) mesentery. 
C) Auerbach folds. 
D) lamina propria. 
A) ligament of Treitz. 
B) mesentery. 
C) Auerbach folds. 
D) lamina propria.

Question 14

What is the effect of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine?

Accepted Answer

A) Salivation increases. 
B) Salivation decreases. 
C) The pH of saliva changes. 
D) Digestive enzymes are inhibited. 
A) Salivation increases. 
B) Salivation decreases. 
C) The pH of saliva changes. 
D) Digestive enzymes are inhibited.

Question 15

Which electrolyte and acid-base imbalances are caused by prolonged diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis 
B) Hyponatremic metabolic alkalosis 
C) Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis 
D) Hyponatremic metabolic acidosis 
A) Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis 
B) Hyponatremic metabolic alkalosis 
C) Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis 
D) Hyponatremic metabolic acidosis

Question 16

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding gallbladder function?

Accepted Answer

A) Within 30 minutes of eating, the gallbladder forces bile into the stomach. 
B) Cholinergic branches of the vagus nerve mediate gallbladder contraction. 
C) Cholecystokinin and motilin provide hormonal regulation of gallbladder contraction. 
D) The sphincter of Oddi controls the flow of bile from the gallbladder. 
A) Within 30 minutes of eating, the gallbladder forces bile into the stomach. 
B) Cholinergic branches of the vagus nerve mediate gallbladder contraction. 
C) Cholecystokinin and motilin provide hormonal regulation of gallbladder contraction. 
D) The sphincter of Oddi controls the flow of bile from the gallbladder.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the functions of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

A) Release of pancreatic enzymes is stimulated by cholecystokinin and acetylcholine. 
B) Secretion of pancreatic enzymes is inhibited by bilirubin and S cells. 
C) Pancreatic lipases hydrolyze triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids. 
D) Pancreatic proteolytic enzymes are not activated until they enter the duodenum. 
A) Release of pancreatic enzymes is stimulated by cholecystokinin and acetylcholine. 
B) Secretion of pancreatic enzymes is inhibited by bilirubin and S cells. 
C) Pancreatic lipases hydrolyze triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids. 
D) Pancreatic proteolytic enzymes are not activated until they enter the duodenum.

Question 18

The reason that water and electrolytes are transported in both directions through tight junctions and intercellular spaces rather than across cell membranes is because:

Accepted Answer

A) the intercellular hydrostatic pressure is inadequate to push the water and electrolytes across the cell membranes. 
B) a balance of cations and ions among the electrolytes on each side of the cell membranes cannot be maintained. 
C) the epithelial cell membranes are formed of lipids that are hydrophobic and thus repel water. 
D) receptors on those cell membranes are occupied with a diffusion of amino acids and monosaccharides. 
A) the intercellular hydrostatic pressure is inadequate to push the water and electrolytes across the cell membranes. 
B) a balance of cations and ions among the electrolytes on each side of the cell membranes cannot be maintained. 
C) the epithelial cell membranes are formed of lipids that are hydrophobic and thus repel water. 
D) receptors on those cell membranes are occupied with a diffusion of amino acids and monosaccharides.

Question 19

Which structure of the digestive system synthesizes clotting factors and vitamin K necessary for hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

A) Colon 
B) Spleen 
C) Gallbladder 
D) Liver 
A) Colon 
B) Spleen 
C) Gallbladder 
D) Liver

Question 20

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the characteristics of vitamin B₁₂?

Accepted Answer

A) Normally the liver can store vitamin B₁₂ for years. 
B) Vitamin B₁₂ attaches to the carrier protein transcobalamin and is transported into tissue. 
C) Vitamin B₁₂ is necessary for platelet maturation. 
D) Vitamin B₁₂ binds to intrinsic factor and is absorbed in the terminal ileum. 
A) Normally the liver can store vitamin B₁₂ for years. 
B) Vitamin B₁₂ attaches to the carrier protein transcobalamin and is transported into tissue. 
C) Vitamin B₁₂ is necessary for platelet maturation. 
D) Vitamin B₁₂ binds to intrinsic factor and is absorbed in the terminal ileum.

Exam 38: Structure and Function of the Digestive System

The pancreatic enzyme responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates is:

Potassium concentration in gastric juice is greater than in plasma.

Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion as well as the release of gastrin?

The liver plays an important role in destroying intestinal bacteria.

Which stimulus inhibits gastric motility by raising the threshold potential of muscle fibers?

Match the hormone from the small intestine with its action. Hormones may be used more than once. -Delays gastric and small bowel emptying

Bilirubin is a byproduct of the destruction of aged _____ that are destroyed by macrophages in the spleen and liver.

The intestinal tract is sterile at birth.

In the small intestine, sodium is transported into the intestinal cells in exchange for _____ at the brush border.

The role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora is to:

Saliva contains which immunoglobulin?

Chloride actively enters the cell in exchange for _____ to maintain electroneutrality in the ileum.

The ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the peritoneum that contain an extensive vascular and nervous network that is called the:

What is the effect of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine?

Which electrolyte and acid-base imbalances are caused by prolonged diarrhea?

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding gallbladder function?

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the functions of the pancreas?

The reason that water and electrolytes are transported in both directions through tight junctions and intercellular spaces rather than across cell membranes is because:

Which structure of the digestive system synthesizes clotting factors and vitamin K necessary for hemostasis?

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the characteristics of vitamin B₁₂?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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