Question 1

The greatest single risk factor for reactivation of tuberculosis is infection with HIV.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Bronchiolitis

Accepted Answer

A) The passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung 
B) Inflammatory obstruction of small airways 
C) Excessive amount of connective tissue in the lung 
D) Lung tissue collapse 
E) Abnormal dilation of the bronchi 
A) The passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung 
B) Inflammatory obstruction of small airways 
C) Excessive amount of connective tissue in the lung 
D) Lung tissue collapse 
E) Abnormal dilation of the bronchi B

Question 3

The most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with:

Accepted Answer

A) elimination of the causative agent. 
B) broad-spectrum antibiotics. 
C) drugs that reduce bronchospasm. 
D) drugs that decrease airway inflammation. 
A) elimination of the causative agent. 
B) broad-spectrum antibiotics. 
C) drugs that reduce bronchospasm. 
D) drugs that decrease airway inflammation. A

Question 4

Pulmonary hypertension results from which of the following alteration?

Accepted Answer

A) Narrowed pulmonary capillaries 
B) Narrowed bronchi and bronchioles 
C) Destruction of alveoli 
D) Ischemia of the myocardium 
A) Narrowed pulmonary capillaries 
B) Narrowed bronchi and bronchioles 
C) Destruction of alveoli 
D) Ischemia of the myocardium

Question 5

With a total hemoglobin of 9 g/dl, _____ g/dl of hemoglobin must become desaturated for cyanosis to occur:

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 5 
C) 7 
D) 9 
A) 3 
B) 5 
C) 7 
D) 9

Question 6

Which statement about silicosis and asbestosis is false? Neither silicosis nor asbestosis is:

Accepted Answer

A) caused by inhalation of inorganic dust particles. 
B) a type of pneumoconiosis. 
C) a cause of lung cancer. 
D) a cause of cellular apoptosis. 
A) caused by inhalation of inorganic dust particles. 
B) a type of pneumoconiosis. 
C) a cause of lung cancer. 
D) a cause of cellular apoptosis.

Question 7

In ARDS, inflammatory mediators such as proteolytic enzymes, oxygen free radicals, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and platelet-activating factor are released by:

Accepted Answer

A) complement cascade. 
B) mast cells. 
C) macrophages. 
D) neutrophils. 
A) complement cascade. 
B) mast cells. 
C) macrophages. 
D) neutrophils.

Question 8

Clinical manifestations of inspiratory and expiratory wheezing, dyspnea, nonproductive cough, and tachypnea are indicative of:

Accepted Answer

A) chronic bronchitis. 
B) emphysema. 
C) pneumonia. 
D) asthma. 
A) chronic bronchitis. 
B) emphysema. 
C) pneumonia. 
D) asthma.

Question 9

In _____ pleural effusion, the fluid is watery and diffuses out of the capillaries as a result of increased blood pressure or decreased capillary oncotic pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) exudative 
B) purulent 
C) transudative 
D) large 
A) exudative 
B) purulent 
C) transudative 
D) large

Question 10

Alveolar dead space is a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) pulmonary edema. 
B) pulmonary emboli. 
C) atelectasis. 
D) pneumonia. 
A) pulmonary edema. 
B) pulmonary emboli. 
C) atelectasis. 
D) pneumonia.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a cause of chest wall restriction?

Accepted Answer

A) Pneumothorax 
B) Severe kyphoscoliosis 
C) Gross obesity 
D) Neuromuscular disease 
A) Pneumothorax 
B) Severe kyphoscoliosis 
C) Gross obesity 
D) Neuromuscular disease

Question 12

In ARDS, alveoli and respiratory bronchioles fill with fluid as a result of the:

Accepted Answer

A) compression on the pores of Kohn, thus preventing collateral ventilation. 
B) increased capillary permeability, which causes alveoli and respiratory bronchioles to fill with fluid. 
C) inactivation of surfactant and the impairment of type II alveolar cells. 
D) increased capillary hydrostatic pressure that forces fluid into the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles. 
A) compression on the pores of Kohn, thus preventing collateral ventilation. 
B) increased capillary permeability, which causes alveoli and respiratory bronchioles to fill with fluid. 
C) inactivation of surfactant and the impairment of type II alveolar cells. 
D) increased capillary hydrostatic pressure that forces fluid into the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles.

Question 13

There is no specific treatment for silicosis, although corticosteroids may produce some improvement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Clinical manifestations of pulmonary hypertension include:

Accepted Answer

A) systemic blood pressure greater than 130/90. 
B) productive cough and rhonchi bilaterally. 
C) dyspnea on exertion and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. 
D) peripheral edema and jugular venous distention. 
A) systemic blood pressure greater than 130/90. 
B) productive cough and rhonchi bilaterally. 
C) dyspnea on exertion and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. 
D) peripheral edema and jugular venous distention.

Question 15

The cause of pulmonary edema in ARDS is the result of increased:

Accepted Answer

A) levels of serum sodium and water. 
B) capillary permeability. 
C) capillary hydrostatic pressure. 
D) oncotic pressure. 
A) levels of serum sodium and water. 
B) capillary permeability. 
C) capillary hydrostatic pressure. 
D) oncotic pressure.

Question 16

_____ is generally relieved by sitting up in a forward-leaning position.

Accepted Answer

A) Hyperpnea 
B) Orthopnea 
C) Apnea 
D) Dyspnea on exertion 
A) Hyperpnea 
B) Orthopnea 
C) Apnea 
D) Dyspnea on exertion

Question 17

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Pneumothorax

Accepted Answer

A) Accumulation of air in pleural space 
B) Pus in the pleural space 
C) Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space 
D) Inflammation of the pleura 
E) Result of rib or sternal fractures 
A) Accumulation of air in pleural space 
B) Pus in the pleural space 
C) Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space 
D) Inflammation of the pleura 
E) Result of rib or sternal fractures

Question 18

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) obstructed bronchi. 
B) collapsed alveoli. 
C) fluid in the lungs. 
D) inflamed bronchioles. 
A) obstructed bronchi. 
B) collapsed alveoli. 
C) fluid in the lungs. 
D) inflamed bronchioles.

Question 19

Pneumoconiosis is a pneumonia caused by pneumococci.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which type of pulmonary disease requires more force to expire a volume of air?

Accepted Answer

A) Restrictive 
B) Obstructive 
C) Acute 
D) Communicable 
A) Restrictive 
B) Obstructive 
C) Acute 
D) Communicable

Exam 33: Alterations of Pulmonary Function

The greatest single risk factor for reactivation of tuberculosis is infection with HIV.

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Bronchiolitis

The most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with:

Pulmonary hypertension results from which of the following alteration?

With a total hemoglobin of 9 g/dl, _____ g/dl of hemoglobin must become desaturated for cyanosis to occur:

Which statement about silicosis and asbestosis is false? Neither silicosis nor asbestosis is:

In ARDS, inflammatory mediators such as proteolytic enzymes, oxygen free radicals, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and platelet-activating factor are released by:

Clinical manifestations of inspiratory and expiratory wheezing, dyspnea, nonproductive cough, and tachypnea are indicative of:

In _____ pleural effusion, the fluid is watery and diffuses out of the capillaries as a result of increased blood pressure or decreased capillary oncotic pressure.

Alveolar dead space is a result of:

Which of the following is not a cause of chest wall restriction?

In ARDS, alveoli and respiratory bronchioles fill with fluid as a result of the:

There is no specific treatment for silicosis, although corticosteroids may produce some improvement.

Clinical manifestations of pulmonary hypertension include:

The cause of pulmonary edema in ARDS is the result of increased:

_____ is generally relieved by sitting up in a forward-leaning position.

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Pneumothorax

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is a result of:

Pneumoconiosis is a pneumonia caused by pneumococci.

Which type of pulmonary disease requires more force to expire a volume of air?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Filters