Question 1

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Exudative effusion

Accepted Answer

A) Accumulation of air in pleural space 
B) Pus in the pleural space 
C) Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space 
D) Inflammation of the pleura 
E) Result of rib or sternal fractures 
A) Accumulation of air in pleural space 
B) Pus in the pleural space 
C) Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space 
D) Inflammation of the pleura 
E) Result of rib or sternal fractures

Question 2

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Pleural effusion

Accepted Answer

A) Accumulation of air in pleural space 
B) Pus in the pleural space 
C) Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space 
D) Inflammation of the pleura 
E) Result of rib or sternal fractures 
A) Accumulation of air in pleural space 
B) Pus in the pleural space 
C) Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space 
D) Inflammation of the pleura 
E) Result of rib or sternal fractures

Question 3

Pulmonary edema usually begins at a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure or left atrial pressure of _____ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 20 
C) 30 
D) 40 
A) 10 
B) 20 
C) 30 
D) 40

Question 4

Clinical manifestations that include unexplained weight loss, dyspnea on exertion, use of accessory muscles, and tachypnea with prolonged expiration are indicative of:

Accepted Answer

A) chronic bronchitis. 
B) emphysema. 
C) pneumonia. 
D) asthma. 
A) chronic bronchitis. 
B) emphysema. 
C) pneumonia. 
D) asthma.

Question 5

Kussmaul respirations may be characterized as a respiratory pattern:

Accepted Answer

A) with alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing. 
B) commonly observed in pulmonary fibrosis. 
C) commonly observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 
D) with a slightly increased ventilatory rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pause. 
A) with alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing. 
B) commonly observed in pulmonary fibrosis. 
C) commonly observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 
D) with a slightly increased ventilatory rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pause.

Question 6

High altitudes may produce hypoxemia through:

Accepted Answer

A) shunting. 
B) hypoventilation. 
C) decreased inspired oxygen. 
D) diffusion abnormalities. 
A) shunting. 
B) hypoventilation. 
C) decreased inspired oxygen. 
D) diffusion abnormalities.

Question 7

_____ atelectasis is the collapse of lung tissue caused from the lack of collateral ventilation through the pores of Kohn.

Accepted Answer

A) Compression 
B) Perfusion 
C) Absorption 
D) Hypoventilation 
A) Compression 
B) Perfusion 
C) Absorption 
D) Hypoventilation

Question 8

Which of the following is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypoventilation causes hypocapnia. 
B) Hyperventilation causes hypercapnia. 
C) Hyperventilation causes hypocapnia. 
D) Hyperventilation results in an increased PaCO₂. 
A) Hypoventilation causes hypocapnia. 
B) Hyperventilation causes hypercapnia. 
C) Hyperventilation causes hypocapnia. 
D) Hyperventilation results in an increased PaCO₂.

Question 9

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Aspiration

Accepted Answer

A) The passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung 
B) Inflammatory obstruction of small airways 
C) Excessive amount of connective tissue in the lung 
D) Lung tissue collapse 
E) Abnormal dilation of the bronchi 
A) The passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung 
B) Inflammatory obstruction of small airways 
C) Excessive amount of connective tissue in the lung 
D) Lung tissue collapse 
E) Abnormal dilation of the bronchi

Question 10

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Pulmonary fibrosis

Accepted Answer

A) The passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung 
B) Inflammatory obstruction of small airways 
C) Excessive amount of connective tissue in the lung 
D) Lung tissue collapse 
E) Abnormal dilation of the bronchi 
A) The passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung 
B) Inflammatory obstruction of small airways 
C) Excessive amount of connective tissue in the lung 
D) Lung tissue collapse 
E) Abnormal dilation of the bronchi

Question 11

_____ involves an abnormally enlarged gas-exchanged system and the destruction of alveolar walls.

Accepted Answer

A) Transudative effusion 
B) Emphysema 
C) Exudative effusion 
D) Abscess 
A) Transudative effusion 
B) Emphysema 
C) Exudative effusion 
D) Abscess

Question 12

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is best described as a tumor that:

Accepted Answer

A) causes airway obstruction and ectopic hormone production. 
B) produces a productive cough and airway obstruction in addition to pneumonia and atelectasis. 
C) causes pleural effusion and shortness of breath. 
D) produces chest wall pain, pleural effusion, productive cough, and hemoptysis. 
A) causes airway obstruction and ectopic hormone production. 
B) produces a productive cough and airway obstruction in addition to pneumonia and atelectasis. 
C) causes pleural effusion and shortness of breath. 
D) produces chest wall pain, pleural effusion, productive cough, and hemoptysis.

Question 13

An abnormal ventilation-perfusion ratio is a common cause of hypoxemia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In _____ bronchiectasis, both constrictions and dilations deform the bronchi.

Accepted Answer

A) varicose 
B) symmetric 
C) cylindric 
D) saccular 
A) varicose 
B) symmetric 
C) cylindric 
D) saccular

Question 15

The effect of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), and IL-1 on asthma is that they increase levels of:

Accepted Answer

A) norepinephrine, which causes bronchial smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion. 
B) acetylcholine, which causes bronchial smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion. 
C) epinephrine, which causes bronchial smooth muscle contraction and increases capillary permeability. 
D) immunoglobulin G, which initiates the complement cascade and causes smooth muscle contraction and increased capillary permeability. 
A) norepinephrine, which causes bronchial smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion. 
B) acetylcholine, which causes bronchial smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion. 
C) epinephrine, which causes bronchial smooth muscle contraction and increases capillary permeability. 
D) immunoglobulin G, which initiates the complement cascade and causes smooth muscle contraction and increased capillary permeability.

Question 16

Clinical manifestations of decreased exercise tolerance, wheezing, shortness of breath, and productive cough are indicative of:

Accepted Answer

A) chronic bronchitis. 
B) emphysema. 
C) pneumonia. 
D) asthma. 
A) chronic bronchitis. 
B) emphysema. 
C) pneumonia. 
D) asthma.

Question 17

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Empyema

Accepted Answer

A) Accumulation of air in pleural space 
B) Pus in the pleural space 
C) Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space 
D) Inflammation of the pleura 
E) Result of rib or sternal fractures 
A) Accumulation of air in pleural space 
B) Pus in the pleural space 
C) Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space 
D) Inflammation of the pleura 
E) Result of rib or sternal fractures

Question 18

Which bacteria become embedded in the airway secretions in chronic bronchitis?

Accepted Answer

A) Legionella pneumophila and Chlamydia pneumoniae 
B) Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pneumocystis jiroveci 
C) Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae 
D) Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus 
A) Legionella pneumophila and Chlamydia pneumoniae 
B) Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pneumocystis jiroveci 
C) Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae 
D) Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus

Question 19

Persons with an I-antiprotease deficiency are predisposed to asthma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The most common cause of pulmonary edema is:

Accepted Answer

A) right-sided heart failure. 
B) left-sided heart failure. 
C) mitral valve prolapse. 
D) aortic stenosis. 
A) right-sided heart failure. 
B) left-sided heart failure. 
C) mitral valve prolapse. 
D) aortic stenosis.

Exam 33: Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Exudative effusion

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Pleural effusion

Pulmonary edema usually begins at a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure or left atrial pressure of _____ mm Hg.

Clinical manifestations that include unexplained weight loss, dyspnea on exertion, use of accessory muscles, and tachypnea with prolonged expiration are indicative of:

Kussmaul respirations may be characterized as a respiratory pattern:

High altitudes may produce hypoxemia through:

_____ atelectasis is the collapse of lung tissue caused from the lack of collateral ventilation through the pores of Kohn.

Which of the following is a true statement?

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Aspiration

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Pulmonary fibrosis

_____ involves an abnormally enlarged gas-exchanged system and the destruction of alveolar walls.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is best described as a tumor that:

An abnormal ventilation-perfusion ratio is a common cause of hypoxemia.

In _____ bronchiectasis, both constrictions and dilations deform the bronchi.

The effect of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), and IL-1 on asthma is that they increase levels of:

Clinical manifestations of decreased exercise tolerance, wheezing, shortness of breath, and productive cough are indicative of:

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Empyema

Which bacteria become embedded in the airway secretions in chronic bronchitis?

Persons with an I-antiprotease deficiency are predisposed to asthma.

The most common cause of pulmonary edema is:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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