Question 1

Dyspnea is not a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) decreased pH, increased PaCO₂, and decreased PaO₂. 
B) decreased blood flow to the medulla oblongata. 
C) stimulation of stretch or J-receptors. 
D) fatigue of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm. 
A) decreased pH, increased PaCO₂, and decreased PaO₂. 
B) decreased blood flow to the medulla oblongata. 
C) stimulation of stretch or J-receptors. 
D) fatigue of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm.

Question 2

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Atelectasis

Accepted Answer

A) The passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung 
B) Inflammatory obstruction of small airways 
C) Excessive amount of connective tissue in the lung 
D) Lung tissue collapse 
E) Abnormal dilation of the bronchi 
A) The passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung 
B) Inflammatory obstruction of small airways 
C) Excessive amount of connective tissue in the lung 
D) Lung tissue collapse 
E) Abnormal dilation of the bronchi

Question 3

Which inflammatory mediators are produced in asthma?

Accepted Answer

A) Neutrophil proteases, bradykinin, and histamine 
B) Bradykinin, serotonin, and neutrophil proteases 
C) Histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes 
D) Lymphokines, serotonin, and prostaglandins 
A) Neutrophil proteases, bradykinin, and histamine 
B) Bradykinin, serotonin, and neutrophil proteases 
C) Histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes 
D) Lymphokines, serotonin, and prostaglandins

Question 4

Pulmonary edema and pulmonary fibrosis cause hypoxemia by:

Accepted Answer

A) creating alveolar dead space. 
B) decreasing the oxygen in inspired gas. 
C) creating a right-to-left shunt. 
D) impairing alveolocapillary membrane diffusion. 
A) creating alveolar dead space. 
B) decreasing the oxygen in inspired gas. 
C) creating a right-to-left shunt. 
D) impairing alveolocapillary membrane diffusion.

Question 5

A pulmonary artery pressure of 23 mm Hg is normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Respirations that are characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing are a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) decreased blood flow to the medulla oblongata. 
B) increased PaCO₂, decreased pH, and decreased PaO₂. 
C) stimulation of stretch or J-receptors. 
D) fatigue of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm. 
A) decreased blood flow to the medulla oblongata. 
B) increased PaCO₂, decreased pH, and decreased PaO₂. 
C) stimulation of stretch or J-receptors. 
D) fatigue of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm.

Question 7

A(n) _____ is a circumscribed area of suppuration and destruction of lung parenchyma.

Accepted Answer

A) consolidation 
B) cavitation 
C) empyema 
D) abscess 
A) consolidation 
B) cavitation 
C) empyema 
D) abscess

Question 8

Hypoxemia is the reduced oxygenation of tissue cells, whereas hypoxia is the reduced oxygenation of arterial blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which immunoglobulin may contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma?

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgM 
A) IgA 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgM

Question 10

_____ is the selective bulbous enlargement of the distal segment of a digit and is commonly associated with diseases that interfere with oxygenation of the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) Edema 
B) Clubbing 
C) Angling 
D) Osteoarthropathy 
A) Edema 
B) Clubbing 
C) Angling 
D) Osteoarthropathy

Question 11

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Flail chest

Accepted Answer

A) Accumulation of air in pleural space 
B) Pus in the pleural space 
C) Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space 
D) Inflammation of the pleura 
E) Result of rib or sternal fractures 
A) Accumulation of air in pleural space 
B) Pus in the pleural space 
C) Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space 
D) Inflammation of the pleura 
E) Result of rib or sternal fractures

Question 12

Tuberculosis (TB) is transmitted from person to person through airborne droplets.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Bronchiectasis

Accepted Answer

A) The passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung 
B) Inflammatory obstruction of small airways 
C) Excessive amount of connective tissue in the lung 
D) Lung tissue collapse 
E) Abnormal dilation of the bronchi 
A) The passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung 
B) Inflammatory obstruction of small airways 
C) Excessive amount of connective tissue in the lung 
D) Lung tissue collapse 
E) Abnormal dilation of the bronchi

Question 14

Chronic pulmonary hypertension can lead to cor pulmonale.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The progression of chronic bronchitis is best halted by:

Accepted Answer

A) regular use of bronchodilators. 
B) smoking cessation. 
C) postural chest drainage techniques. 
D) identification of early signs of infection. 
A) regular use of bronchodilators. 
B) smoking cessation. 
C) postural chest drainage techniques. 
D) identification of early signs of infection.

Question 16

Smoking contributes to emphysema by:

Accepted Answer

A) interrupting the production of elastase. 
B) destroying cilia in the bronchi. 
C) reducing endogenous antiproteases. 
D) creating hyperplasia of submucosal glands. 
A) interrupting the production of elastase. 
B) destroying cilia in the bronchi. 
C) reducing endogenous antiproteases. 
D) creating hyperplasia of submucosal glands.

Question 17

_____ is a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury.

Accepted Answer

A) Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 
B) Pneumonia 
C) Pulmonary emboli 
D) Acute pulmonary edema 
A) Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 
B) Pneumonia 
C) Pulmonary emboli 
D) Acute pulmonary edema

Question 18

Which pleural abnormality involves a site of pleural rupture that act as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration?

Accepted Answer

A) Spontaneous pneumothorax 
B) Tension pneumothorax 
C) Open pneumothorax 
D) Secondary pneumothorax 
A) Spontaneous pneumothorax 
B) Tension pneumothorax 
C) Open pneumothorax 
D) Secondary pneumothorax

Question 19

Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains dormant and walled off in tubercles for life, but may be reactivated if a person's immune system is impaired.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In tuberculosis, the body walls off the bacilli in a tubercle by stimulating:

Accepted Answer

A) macrophages that release TNF-a. 
B) phagocytosis by neutrophils and eosinophils. 
C) formation of immunoglobulin G to initiate the complement cascade. 
D) apoptotic infected macrophages that activate cytotoxic T cells. 
A) macrophages that release TNF-a. 
B) phagocytosis by neutrophils and eosinophils. 
C) formation of immunoglobulin G to initiate the complement cascade. 
D) apoptotic infected macrophages that activate cytotoxic T cells.

Exam 33: Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Dyspnea is not a result of:

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Atelectasis

Which inflammatory mediators are produced in asthma?

Pulmonary edema and pulmonary fibrosis cause hypoxemia by:

A pulmonary artery pressure of 23 mm Hg is normal.

Respirations that are characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing are a result of:

A(n) _____ is a circumscribed area of suppuration and destruction of lung parenchyma.

Hypoxemia is the reduced oxygenation of tissue cells, whereas hypoxia is the reduced oxygenation of arterial blood.

Which immunoglobulin may contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma?

_____ is the selective bulbous enlargement of the distal segment of a digit and is commonly associated with diseases that interfere with oxygenation of the blood.

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Flail chest

Tuberculosis (TB) is transmitted from person to person through airborne droplets.

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Bronchiectasis

Chronic pulmonary hypertension can lead to cor pulmonale.

The progression of chronic bronchitis is best halted by:

Smoking contributes to emphysema by:

_____ is a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury.

Which pleural abnormality involves a site of pleural rupture that act as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains dormant and walled off in tubercles for life, but may be reactivated if a person's immune system is impaired.

In tuberculosis, the body walls off the bacilli in a tubercle by stimulating:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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