Question 1

The helper T cell (Th) interacts with immunocompetent B cells causing the production of plasma cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are located on the surface of all body cells except erythrocytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

The most important determinant of immunogenicity is the antigen's:

Accepted Answer

A) size. 
B) foreignness. 
C) complexity. 
D) quantity. 
A) size. 
B) foreignness. 
C) complexity. 
D) quantity. B

Question 4

When antigens are administered to individuals to produce immunity, why are different routes of administration used (e.g., some are given intravenously, whereas others are given subcutaneously or nasally)?

Accepted Answer

A) Different routes allow the speed of onset of the antigen to be varied, with the intravenous route being the fastest. 
B) Some individuals appear to be unable to respond to an antigen by a specific route, thus requiring the availability of different routes for the same antigen. 
C) Antigen-presenting cells are highly specialized and thus require stimulation by different routes. 
D) Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity. 
A) Different routes allow the speed of onset of the antigen to be varied, with the intravenous route being the fastest. 
B) Some individuals appear to be unable to respond to an antigen by a specific route, thus requiring the availability of different routes for the same antigen. 
C) Antigen-presenting cells are highly specialized and thus require stimulation by different routes. 
D) Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity.

Question 5

Antibodies cannot protect a host against viral infections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells in the:

Accepted Answer

A) thymus gland. 
B) regional lymph nodes. 
C) bone marrow. 
D) spleen. 
A) thymus gland. 
B) regional lymph nodes. 
C) bone marrow. 
D) spleen.

Question 7

Antibodies are produced in:

Accepted Answer

A) helper T lymphocytes. 
B) the thymus gland. 
C) plasma cells. 
D) the bone marrow. 
A) helper T lymphocytes. 
B) the thymus gland. 
C) plasma cells. 
D) the bone marrow.

Question 8

Antibodies protect the host from bacterial toxins by:

Accepted Answer

A) lysing the cell membrane of the toxins. 
B) binding to the toxins to neutralize their biologic effects. 
C) inhibiting the synthesis of DNA proteins needed for growth. 
D) interfering with the DNA enzyme needed for replication. 
A) lysing the cell membrane of the toxins. 
B) binding to the toxins to neutralize their biologic effects. 
C) inhibiting the synthesis of DNA proteins needed for growth. 
D) interfering with the DNA enzyme needed for replication.

Question 9

Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen?

Accepted Answer

A) Passive acquired 
B) Active acquired 
C) Passive innate 
D) Active innate 
A) Passive acquired 
B) Active acquired 
C) Passive innate 
D) Active innate

Question 10

Match each the helper T cell subset (Th1 or Th2) with its characteristics. Th1 and Th2 can be used more than once.
-Provide help in developing cell-mediated immunity

Accepted Answer

A) Th1 
B) Th2 
A) Th1 
B) Th2

Question 11

Match the CD4 (cluster of differentiation) cells and CD8 cells with their characteristics. Answers may be used more than once.
-Recognize antigens presented by exogenous protein molecules

Accepted Answer

A) CD 4 cells 
B) CD 8 cells 
A) CD 4 cells 
B) CD 8 cells

Question 12

Which are characteristics of the generation of clonal diversity?

Accepted Answer

A) The process involves antigens selecting those lymphocytes with compatible receptors. 
B) The process allows the differentiation of cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells or mature T cells. 
C) The process takes place in the primary (central) lymphoid organs (i.e., thymus and bone marrow). 
D) The process causes antigens to expand and diversify their populations. 
A) The process involves antigens selecting those lymphocytes with compatible receptors. 
B) The process allows the differentiation of cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells or mature T cells. 
C) The process takes place in the primary (central) lymphoid organs (i.e., thymus and bone marrow). 
D) The process causes antigens to expand and diversify their populations.

Question 13

An antigen that is capable of inducing an immune response is called an immunogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Match the CD4 (cluster of differentiation) cells and CD8 cells with their characteristics. Answers may be used more than once.
-Recognize antigens presented by endogenous protein molecules

Accepted Answer

A) CD 4 cells 
B) CD 8 cells 
A) CD 4 cells 
B) CD 8 cells

Question 15

What are characteristics of Th2 cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They are induced by antigens derived from allergens. 
B) They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells. 
C) They produce IL-2, TNF-ß, and IFN-   
D) They assist in the development of cell-mediated immunity. 
A) They are induced by antigens derived from allergens. 
B) They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells. 
C) They produce IL-2, TNF-ß, and IFN-   
D) They assist in the development of cell-mediated immunity.

Question 16

Some viruses, such as measles and herpes, are inaccessible to antibodies after the initial infection because they:

Accepted Answer

A) do not circulate in the blood. 
B) do not have antibody receptors. 
C) resist agglutination. 
D) are soluble antigens. 
A) do not circulate in the blood. 
B) do not have antibody receptors. 
C) resist agglutination. 
D) are soluble antigens.

Question 17

Before birth, humans produce a large number of T lymphocytes (T cells) and B lymphocytes (B cells) that have the capacity to recognize almost any foreign antigen found in the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

B-cell receptor (BCR) complex function differs from the function of circulating antibodies because the BCR complex:

Accepted Answer

A) communicates information about the antigen to the helper T cell. 
B) secretes chemical signals to communicate between cells. 
C) recognizes the antigen on the surface of the B lymphocyte. 
D) communicates information about the antigen to the cell nucleus. 
A) communicates information about the antigen to the helper T cell. 
B) secretes chemical signals to communicate between cells. 
C) recognizes the antigen on the surface of the B lymphocyte. 
D) communicates information about the antigen to the cell nucleus.

Question 19

Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions?

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgM 
A) IgA 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgM

Question 20

Match each immunoglobulin with its characteristic or function. Immunoglobulins can be used more than once.
-Crosses the placenta

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
A) IgA 
B) IgE 
C) IgG

Exam 7: Adaptive Immunity

The helper T cell (Th) interacts with immunocompetent B cells causing the production of plasma cells.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are located on the surface of all body cells except erythrocytes.

The most important determinant of immunogenicity is the antigen's:

When antigens are administered to individuals to produce immunity, why are different routes of administration used (e.g., some are given intravenously, whereas others are given subcutaneously or nasally)?

Antibodies cannot protect a host against viral infections.

B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells in the:

Antibodies are produced in:

Antibodies protect the host from bacterial toxins by:

Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen?

Match each the helper T cell subset (Th1 or Th2) with its characteristics. Th1 and Th2 can be used more than once. -Provide help in developing cell-mediated immunity

Match the CD4 (cluster of differentiation) cells and CD8 cells with their characteristics. Answers may be used more than once. -Recognize antigens presented by exogenous protein molecules

Which are characteristics of the generation of clonal diversity?

An antigen that is capable of inducing an immune response is called an immunogen.

Match the CD4 (cluster of differentiation) cells and CD8 cells with their characteristics. Answers may be used more than once. -Recognize antigens presented by endogenous protein molecules

What are characteristics of Th2 cells?

Some viruses, such as measles and herpes, are inaccessible to antibodies after the initial infection because they:

Before birth, humans produce a large number of T lymphocytes (T cells) and B lymphocytes (B cells) that have the capacity to recognize almost any foreign antigen found in the environment.

B-cell receptor (BCR) complex function differs from the function of circulating antibodies because the BCR complex:

Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions?

Match each immunoglobulin with its characteristic or function. Immunoglobulins can be used more than once. -Crosses the placenta

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Filters