Question 1

T lymphocytes are primarily responsible for protection against bacteria and a variety of viruses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of the:

Accepted Answer

A) strong response from IgM. 
B) level of protection provided by IgG. 
C) memory cells for IgE. 
D) rapid response from IgA. 
A) strong response from IgM. 
B) level of protection provided by IgG. 
C) memory cells for IgE. 
D) rapid response from IgA.

Question 3

What are characteristics of Th1 cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They are induced by antigens derived from allergens. 
B) They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells. 
C) They produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13. 
D) They assist in the development of humoral immunity. 
A) They are induced by antigens derived from allergens. 
B) They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells. 
C) They produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13. 
D) They assist in the development of humoral immunity.

Question 4

Match each the helper T cell subset (Th1 or Th2) with its characteristics. Th1 and Th2 can be used more than once.
-Provide help in developing humoral immunity

Accepted Answer

A) Th1 
B) Th2 
A) Th1 
B) Th2

Question 5

What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?

Accepted Answer

A) Passive acquired 
B) Active acquired 
C) Passive innate 
D) Active innate 
A) Passive acquired 
B) Active acquired 
C) Passive innate 
D) Active innate

Question 6

Which T cell controls or limits the immune response to protect the host's own tissues against an autoimmune response?

Accepted Answer

A) Cytotoxic T cells 
B) Th1 cells 
C) Th2 cells 
D) Regulatory T (Treg) cells 
A) Cytotoxic T cells 
B) Th1 cells 
C) Th2 cells 
D) Regulatory T (Treg) cells

Question 7

The primary characteristic that differentiates the immune response from other protective mechanisms is that the immune response is:

Accepted Answer

A) similar each time it is activated. 
B) specific to the antigen that initiates it. 
C) a short-term response to a specific pathogen. 
D) an innate response, rather than acquired. 
A) similar each time it is activated. 
B) specific to the antigen that initiates it. 
C) a short-term response to a specific pathogen. 
D) an innate response, rather than acquired.

Question 8

Th2 cells produce IL-4 that suppresses:

Accepted Answer

A) B lymphocytes. 
B) cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 
C) Th1. 
D) memory T lymphocytes. 
A) B lymphocytes. 
B) cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 
C) Th1. 
D) memory T lymphocytes.

Question 9

What is the term for the process in which lymphoid stem cells migrate from the bone marrow to the central lymphoid organs (the thymus or bone marrow) where they undergo cellular changes into either immunocompetent T cells or immunocompetent B cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Generation of clonal diversity 
B) Clonal differentiation 
C) Clonal selection 
D) Clonal competence 
A) Generation of clonal diversity 
B) Clonal differentiation 
C) Clonal selection 
D) Clonal competence

Question 10

Which are characteristics of clonal selection?

Accepted Answer

A) The process is driven by hormones and does not require foreign antigens. 
B) The process involves antigens selecting those lymphocytes with compatible receptors. 
C) The process takes place in the primary (central) lymphoid organs (i.e., thymus and bone marrow). 
D) The process generates immature but immunocompetent T and B cells with receptors. 
A) The process is driven by hormones and does not require foreign antigens. 
B) The process involves antigens selecting those lymphocytes with compatible receptors. 
C) The process takes place in the primary (central) lymphoid organs (i.e., thymus and bone marrow). 
D) The process generates immature but immunocompetent T and B cells with receptors.

Question 11

If a person had very low levels of Ig__, that individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) G 
B) M 
C) A 
D) E 
A) G 
B) M 
C) A 
D) E

Question 12

Which is an example of a bacterial toxin that has been inactivated, but still retains its immunogenicity to protect the person?

Accepted Answer

A) Poliomyelitis 
B) Measles 
C) Tetanus 
D) Gonorrhea 
A) Poliomyelitis 
B) Measles 
C) Tetanus 
D) Gonorrhea

Question 13

Which is an example of an endogenous antigen?

Accepted Answer

A) Yeast 
B) Cancer cells 
C) Bacteria 
D) Fungus 
A) Yeast 
B) Cancer cells 
C) Bacteria 
D) Fungus

Question 14

Each individual T and B lymphocyte specifically recognizes only one particular antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

At birth, samples of blood from the umbilical cord indicate which immunoglobulin levels, if any, are near adult levels?

Accepted Answer

A) None of the immunoglobulins 
B) IgG 
C) IgM 
D) IgE 
A) None of the immunoglobulins 
B) IgG 
C) IgM 
D) IgE

Question 16

Match each immunoglobulin with its characteristic or function. Immunoglobulins can be used more than once.
-Mediates many common allergic responses

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
A) IgA 
B) IgE 
C) IgG

Question 17

During which phase of life does the generation of clonal diversity occur?

Accepted Answer

A) In the fetus 
B) In the neonate 
C) In the infant 
D) In the ovum 
A) In the fetus 
B) In the neonate 
C) In the infant 
D) In the ovum

Question 18

Increased age may cause which of these changes in lymphocyte function?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased production of antibodies against self-antigens 
B) Decreased number of circulating T cells 
C) Decreased production of autoantibodies 
D) Increased production of helper T cells 
A) Increased production of antibodies against self-antigens 
B) Decreased number of circulating T cells 
C) Decreased production of autoantibodies 
D) Increased production of helper T cells

Question 19

Whereas macrophages present processed antigens to memory Th cells, B lymphocytes present antigens to helper Th cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

How are the functions of major histocompatibility molecules and CD1 molecules alike?

Accepted Answer

A) They are both antigen-presenting molecules (APCs). 
B) They both bind antigens to antibodies. 
C) They both secrete interleukins during the immune process. 
D) They are both capable of activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 
A) They are both antigen-presenting molecules (APCs). 
B) They both bind antigens to antibodies. 
C) They both secrete interleukins during the immune process. 
D) They are both capable of activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Exam 7: Adaptive Immunity

T lymphocytes are primarily responsible for protection against bacteria and a variety of viruses.

Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of the:

What are characteristics of Th1 cells?

Match each the helper T cell subset (Th1 or Th2) with its characteristics. Th1 and Th2 can be used more than once. -Provide help in developing humoral immunity

What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?

Which T cell controls or limits the immune response to protect the host's own tissues against an autoimmune response?

The primary characteristic that differentiates the immune response from other protective mechanisms is that the immune response is:

Th2 cells produce IL-4 that suppresses:

What is the term for the process in which lymphoid stem cells migrate from the bone marrow to the central lymphoid organs (the thymus or bone marrow) where they undergo cellular changes into either immunocompetent T cells or immunocompetent B cells?

Which are characteristics of clonal selection?

If a person had very low levels of Ig__, that individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes.

Which is an example of a bacterial toxin that has been inactivated, but still retains its immunogenicity to protect the person?

Which is an example of an endogenous antigen?

Each individual T and B lymphocyte specifically recognizes only one particular antigen.

At birth, samples of blood from the umbilical cord indicate which immunoglobulin levels, if any, are near adult levels?

Match each immunoglobulin with its characteristic or function. Immunoglobulins can be used more than once. -Mediates many common allergic responses

During which phase of life does the generation of clonal diversity occur?

Increased age may cause which of these changes in lymphocyte function?

Whereas macrophages present processed antigens to memory Th cells, B lymphocytes present antigens to helper Th cells.

How are the functions of major histocompatibility molecules and CD1 molecules alike?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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