Question 1

Tumor cell markers are used to:

Accepted Answer

A) provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer. 
B) treat certain types of cancer. 
C) predict where cancers will develop. 
D) screen individuals at high risk for cancer. 
A) provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer. 
B) treat certain types of cancer. 
C) predict where cancers will develop. 
D) screen individuals at high risk for cancer.

Question 2

Which of the following represents the correct nomenclature for benign and malignant tumors of adipose tissue, respectively?

Accepted Answer

A) Liposarcoma, lipoma 
B) Lipoma, liposarcoma 
C) Adisarcoma, adipoma 
D) Adipoma, adisarcoma 
A) Liposarcoma, lipoma 
B) Lipoma, liposarcoma 
C) Adisarcoma, adipoma 
D) Adipoma, adisarcoma

Question 3

Cells from a muscle tumor show a reduced ability to form new muscle and appear highly disorganized.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) dysplasia. 
B) hyperplasia. 
C) myoplasia. 
D) anaplasia. 
A) dysplasia. 
B) hyperplasia. 
C) myoplasia. 
D) anaplasia.

Question 4

Why do nausea and vomiting occur after cancer therapy to the abdomen?

Accepted Answer

A) Because the person is receiving chemotherapy at the same time as the radiation therapy 
B) Because the radiation is metabolized by the liver, which alters the intestinal mucosa 
C) Because the cancer in the gastrointestinal tract causes these clinical manifestations 
D) Because of the agent's direct action on the body's vomiting centers 
A) Because the person is receiving chemotherapy at the same time as the radiation therapy 
B) Because the radiation is metabolized by the liver, which alters the intestinal mucosa 
C) Because the cancer in the gastrointestinal tract causes these clinical manifestations 
D) Because of the agent's direct action on the body's vomiting centers

Question 5

Normally, which cells, are considered immortal (never die)?

Accepted Answer

A) Germ cells 
B) Stems cells 
C) Blood cells 
D) Epithelial cells 
E) Muscle cells 
A) Germ cells 
B) Stems cells 
C) Blood cells 
D) Epithelial cells 
E) Muscle cells

Question 6

In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) a piece of chromosome 9 fuses to a piece of chromosome 22.This is an example of which mutation of normal genes to oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

A) Point mutation 
B) Chromosome fusion 
C) Gene amplification 
D) Chromosome translocation 
A) Point mutation 
B) Chromosome fusion 
C) Gene amplification 
D) Chromosome translocation

Question 7

Cancer is predominantly a disease of aging.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A pathology report stages a tumor as T₂, N₁, M₀.What is the meaning of this finding?

Accepted Answer

A) There is a tumor with no spread to surrounding lymph nodes and no metastasis. 
B) There are two malignant tumors and one involved lymph node with metastasis. 
C) There is a tumor with spread to surrounding lymph nodes and no metastasis. 
D) There is no tumor after two biopsies and one lymph node biopsy and no metastasis. 
A) There is a tumor with no spread to surrounding lymph nodes and no metastasis. 
B) There are two malignant tumors and one involved lymph node with metastasis. 
C) There is a tumor with spread to surrounding lymph nodes and no metastasis. 
D) There is no tumor after two biopsies and one lymph node biopsy and no metastasis.

Question 9

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Chemotherapy

Accepted Answer

A) Cancer cell growth 
B) Used to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal structures 
C) Forms antibodies specific for tumor antigen 
D) Agents that take advantage of specific vulnerabilities in target cancer cells 
E) Provides a framework to determine treatment 
A) Cancer cell growth 
B) Used to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal structures 
C) Forms antibodies specific for tumor antigen 
D) Agents that take advantage of specific vulnerabilities in target cancer cells 
E) Provides a framework to determine treatment

Question 10

Burkitt lymphomas designate a chromosome that has a piece of chromosome 8 fused to a piece of chromosome 14.This is an example of which mutation of normal genes to oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

A) Point mutation 
B) Chromosome translocation 
C) Gene amplification 
D) Chromosome fusion 
A) Point mutation 
B) Chromosome translocation 
C) Gene amplification 
D) Chromosome fusion

Question 11

Some tumors initially described as benign can progress to malignant tumors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Cells with mutant TP53 genes escape apoptosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Match the description with its corresponding term.
-Pleomorphic

Accepted Answer

A) Loss of differentiation 
B) Cancer cells secrete growth factor for their own growth 
C) Cells that vary in size and shape 
D) Unaltered normal allele 
E) Responsible for maintenance of genomic integrity 
A) Loss of differentiation 
B) Cancer cells secrete growth factor for their own growth 
C) Cells that vary in size and shape 
D) Unaltered normal allele 
E) Responsible for maintenance of genomic integrity

Question 14

Many cancers create a mutation of ras.What is ras?

Accepted Answer

A) A tumor-suppressor gene 
B) A growth-promoting gene 
C) An intracellular signaling protein that regulates cell growth 
D) A cell surface receptor that allows signaling to the nucleus about cell growth 
A) A tumor-suppressor gene 
B) A growth-promoting gene 
C) An intracellular signaling protein that regulates cell growth 
D) A cell surface receptor that allows signaling to the nucleus about cell growth

Question 15

What is the most common route for distant metastasis?

Accepted Answer

A) Seeding 
B) Blood 
C) Lymphatics 
D) Invasion 
E) Proliferation 
A) Seeding 
B) Blood 
C) Lymphatics 
D) Invasion 
E) Proliferation

Question 16

Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to:

Accepted Answer

A) stimulate angiogenesis to create their own blood supply. 
B) stimulate secretions that turn off normal growth inhibitors. 
C) secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth. 
D) divert nutrients away from normal tissue for their own use. 
A) stimulate angiogenesis to create their own blood supply. 
B) stimulate secretions that turn off normal growth inhibitors. 
C) secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth. 
D) divert nutrients away from normal tissue for their own use.

Question 17

During angiogenesis, what is the role of platelet factor-4, angiostatin, endostatin, thrombospondin, and interferon-alpha and interferon-beta?

Accepted Answer

A) They stimulate the development of new blood vessels. 
B) They facilitate the attachment of the tumor implants to new blood vessels. 
C) They inhibit the formation of new blood vessels. 
D) They prevent the formation of emboli that protect for tumor cells from host defenses. 
A) They stimulate the development of new blood vessels. 
B) They facilitate the attachment of the tumor implants to new blood vessels. 
C) They inhibit the formation of new blood vessels. 
D) They prevent the formation of emboli that protect for tumor cells from host defenses.

Question 18

A hallmark of cancer cells is their immortality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which cancers are associated with chronic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A) Skin, lung, and pancreatic 
B) Colon, liver, and lung 
C) Bone, blood cells, and pancreatic 
D) Bladder, skin, and kidney 
A) Skin, lung, and pancreatic 
B) Colon, liver, and lung 
C) Bone, blood cells, and pancreatic 
D) Bladder, skin, and kidney

Question 20

All tumor cells that are released into the blood eventually find a compatible tissue to multiply in and create a tumor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 11: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Tumor cell markers are used to:

Which of the following represents the correct nomenclature for benign and malignant tumors of adipose tissue, respectively?

Cells from a muscle tumor show a reduced ability to form new muscle and appear highly disorganized.This is an example of:

Why do nausea and vomiting occur after cancer therapy to the abdomen?

Normally, which cells, are considered immortal (never die)?

In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) a piece of chromosome 9 fuses to a piece of chromosome 22.This is an example of which mutation of normal genes to oncogenes?

Cancer is predominantly a disease of aging.

A pathology report stages a tumor as T₂, N₁, M₀.What is the meaning of this finding?

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Chemotherapy

Burkitt lymphomas designate a chromosome that has a piece of chromosome 8 fused to a piece of chromosome 14.This is an example of which mutation of normal genes to oncogenes?

Some tumors initially described as benign can progress to malignant tumors.

Cells with mutant TP53 genes escape apoptosis.

Match the description with its corresponding term. -Pleomorphic

Many cancers create a mutation of ras.What is ras?

What is the most common route for distant metastasis?

Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to:

During angiogenesis, what is the role of platelet factor-4, angiostatin, endostatin, thrombospondin, and interferon-alpha and interferon-beta?

A hallmark of cancer cells is their immortality.

Which cancers are associated with chronic inflammation?

All tumor cells that are released into the blood eventually find a compatible tissue to multiply in and create a tumor.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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