Question 1

_____ is a chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by stiffening and fusion of the spine and sacroiliac joints.

Accepted Answer

A) Ankylosing spondylitis 
B) Rheumatoid arthritis 
C) Paget disease 
D) Fibromyalgia 
A) Ankylosing spondylitis 
B) Rheumatoid arthritis 
C) Paget disease 
D) Fibromyalgia

Question 2

Which statement is false about factors that contribute to the difficulty in treating bone infections?

Accepted Answer

A) Bone contains multiple microscopic channels that are impermeable to the cells and biochemicals of the body's natural defenses. 
B) Microcirculation of bone is highly vulnerable to damage and destruction by bacterial toxins, leading to ischemic necrosis of bone. 
C) Bone cells have a limited capacity to replace bone destroyed by infections. 
D) Bacteria are walled off by macrophages and T lymphocytes so that the antibiotics cannot penetrate the infected area. 
A) Bone contains multiple microscopic channels that are impermeable to the cells and biochemicals of the body's natural defenses. 
B) Microcirculation of bone is highly vulnerable to damage and destruction by bacterial toxins, leading to ischemic necrosis of bone. 
C) Bone cells have a limited capacity to replace bone destroyed by infections. 
D) Bacteria are walled off by macrophages and T lymphocytes so that the antibiotics cannot penetrate the infected area.

Question 3

Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, after being activated by receptor activator of nuclear RANKL, RANK activates:

Accepted Answer

A) osteoclast apoptosis. 
B) and prolongs osteoblast survival. 
C) osteoprotegerin. 
D) and prolongs osteoclast survival. 
A) osteoclast apoptosis. 
B) and prolongs osteoblast survival. 
C) osteoprotegerin. 
D) and prolongs osteoclast survival.

Question 4

The pain associated with tendon and ligament injuries is usually described as being:

Accepted Answer

A) dull and diffuse and persists over the distribution of the tendon or ligament. 
B) sharp and localized and persists over the distribution of the tendon or ligament. 
C) pins-and-needle sensations distal to injury on movement. 
D) intermittent and aching over the distribution of the tendon or ligament. 
A) dull and diffuse and persists over the distribution of the tendon or ligament. 
B) sharp and localized and persists over the distribution of the tendon or ligament. 
C) pins-and-needle sensations distal to injury on movement. 
D) intermittent and aching over the distribution of the tendon or ligament.

Question 5

Bone death as a result of osteomyelitis is due to:

Accepted Answer

A) formation of immune complexes at the site of infection. 
B) localized ischemia. 
C) TNF-a and IL-1. 
D) impaired nerve innervation at the site of infection. 
A) formation of immune complexes at the site of infection. 
B) localized ischemia. 
C) TNF-a and IL-1. 
D) impaired nerve innervation at the site of infection.

Question 6

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics.
-Rhabdomyolysis

Accepted Answer

A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairs the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease 
A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairs the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease

Question 7

A balance between receptor activator of nuclear RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) is necessary to prevent osteoporosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The primary pathologic alteration in the sacroiliac joint resulting from ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is:

Accepted Answer

A) inflammation of the enthesis. 
B) inflammation of the synovium. 
C) synovitis and bone marrow inflammation. 
D) diskitis and nucleus pulposus inflammation. 
A) inflammation of the enthesis. 
B) inflammation of the synovium. 
C) synovitis and bone marrow inflammation. 
D) diskitis and nucleus pulposus inflammation.

Question 9

Osteomyelitis is a bone infection caused only by bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following attaches skeletal muscle to bone?

Accepted Answer

A) Tendon 
B) Ligament 
C) Bursa 
D) Mesentery 
A) Tendon 
B) Ligament 
C) Bursa 
D) Mesentery

Question 11

After prolonged muscle compression, which pathophysiologic alteration precedes crush syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) Muscle ischemia 
B) Myoglobinuria 
C) Volkmann contracture 
D) Neural injury 
A) Muscle ischemia 
B) Myoglobinuria 
C) Volkmann contracture 
D) Neural injury

Question 12

Which type of osteoporosis would a person develop after having the left leg in a cast for 8 weeks to treat a compound displaced fracture of the tibia and fibula?

Accepted Answer

A) Iatrogenic 
B) Regional 
C) Idiopathic 
D) Osteoblastic 
A) Iatrogenic 
B) Regional 
C) Idiopathic 
D) Osteoblastic

Question 13

Clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include:

Accepted Answer

A) collection of crystals in subcutaneous tissue of extremities. 
B) fatigue, fever, and weakness. 
C) pain in one or more weight-bearing joints. 
D) edema of the wrists and distal joints of the fingers. 
A) collection of crystals in subcutaneous tissue of extremities. 
B) fatigue, fever, and weakness. 
C) pain in one or more weight-bearing joints. 
D) edema of the wrists and distal joints of the fingers.

Question 14

The calcium crystals that appear in the cartilage, synovial membranes, tendons, and soft tissue of people with chronic gout are called tophi.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Paget disease can occur in any bone, but it most often affects the appendicular skeleton.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A(n) _____ fracture is a fracture at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality, usually by a force that would not normally cause a fracture.

Accepted Answer

A) idiopathic 
B) incomplete 
C) pathologic 
D) greenstick 
A) idiopathic 
B) incomplete 
C) pathologic 
D) greenstick

Question 17

In osteomalacia the remodeling cycle proceeds normally through osteoid formation, but mineral calcification and deposition do not occur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

It is possible for a healthy young woman to gain bone mass up to and through the second decade of life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A characteristic of inflammatory joint disease is:

Accepted Answer

A) unilateral joint involvement. 
B) normal joint synovial fluid. 
C) absence of synovial membrane inflammation. 
D) systemic symptoms of inflammation. 
A) unilateral joint involvement. 
B) normal joint synovial fluid. 
C) absence of synovial membrane inflammation. 
D) systemic symptoms of inflammation.

Question 20

Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, what are the effects of extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs) and receptor activator of RANKL on osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

A) ERKs increase the life span of osteoclasts and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoblasts. 
B) ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoclasts and decrease the life span of osteoblasts. 
C) ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoblasts and decrease the life span of osteoclasts. 
D) ERKs increase the life span of osteoblasts and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoclasts. 
A) ERKs increase the life span of osteoclasts and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoblasts. 
B) ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoclasts and decrease the life span of osteoblasts. 
C) ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoblasts and decrease the life span of osteoclasts. 
D) ERKs increase the life span of osteoblasts and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoclasts.

Exam 42: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

_____ is a chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by stiffening and fusion of the spine and sacroiliac joints.

Which statement is false about factors that contribute to the difficulty in treating bone infections?

Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, after being activated by receptor activator of nuclear RANKL, RANK activates:

The pain associated with tendon and ligament injuries is usually described as being:

Bone death as a result of osteomyelitis is due to:

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics. -Rhabdomyolysis

A balance between receptor activator of nuclear RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) is necessary to prevent osteoporosis.

The primary pathologic alteration in the sacroiliac joint resulting from ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is:

Osteomyelitis is a bone infection caused only by bacteria.

Which of the following attaches skeletal muscle to bone?

After prolonged muscle compression, which pathophysiologic alteration precedes crush syndrome?

Which type of osteoporosis would a person develop after having the left leg in a cast for 8 weeks to treat a compound displaced fracture of the tibia and fibula?

Clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include:

The calcium crystals that appear in the cartilage, synovial membranes, tendons, and soft tissue of people with chronic gout are called tophi.

Paget disease can occur in any bone, but it most often affects the appendicular skeleton.

A(n) _____ fracture is a fracture at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality, usually by a force that would not normally cause a fracture.

In osteomalacia the remodeling cycle proceeds normally through osteoid formation, but mineral calcification and deposition do not occur.

It is possible for a healthy young woman to gain bone mass up to and through the second decade of life.

A characteristic of inflammatory joint disease is:

Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, what are the effects of extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs) and receptor activator of RANKL on osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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