Question 1

The most commonly occurring small intestinal obstruction is:

Accepted Answer

A) diverticulosis. 
B) tumor. 
C) volvulus. 
D) adhesions. 
A) diverticulosis. 
B) tumor. 
C) volvulus. 
D) adhesions.

Question 2

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Alterations in immunoglobulin G production have been found in individuals with this disorder.

Accepted Answer

A) Ulcerative colitis 
B) Crohn disease 
A) Ulcerative colitis 
B) Crohn disease

Question 3

Because patterns of bowel evacuation differ greatly among individuals, constipation must be individually defined.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A peptic ulcer may occur in all of the following areas except the:

Accepted Answer

A) stomach. 
B) duodenum. 
C) jejunum. 
D) esophagus. 
A) stomach. 
B) duodenum. 
C) jejunum. 
D) esophagus.

Question 5

Hepatitis A is transmitted through infected blood and other body fluids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Intussusception causes intestinal obstruction by:

Accepted Answer

A) telescoping of part of the intestine into another usually causing strangulation of the blood supply. 
B) twisting the intestine on its mesenteric pedicle causing occlusion of the blood supply. 
C) the loss of peristaltic motor activity in the intestine, causing an adynamic ileus. 
D) forming fibrin and scar tissue that attach to intestinal omentum and cause obstruction. 
A) telescoping of part of the intestine into another usually causing strangulation of the blood supply. 
B) twisting the intestine on its mesenteric pedicle causing occlusion of the blood supply. 
C) the loss of peristaltic motor activity in the intestine, causing an adynamic ileus. 
D) forming fibrin and scar tissue that attach to intestinal omentum and cause obstruction.

Question 7

Symptoms characteristic of bulimia nervosa include:

Accepted Answer

A) recurrent episodes of binge eating with fears of not being able to stop eating. 
B) a fear of becoming obese despite progressive weight loss. 
C) a perception that the body is fat when it is actually underweight. 
D) absence of three consecutive menstrual periods. 
A) recurrent episodes of binge eating with fears of not being able to stop eating. 
B) a fear of becoming obese despite progressive weight loss. 
C) a perception that the body is fat when it is actually underweight. 
D) absence of three consecutive menstrual periods.

Question 8

Hepatitis B is a sexually transmitted disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Anorexia is the lack of desire to eat despite physiologic stimuli that would normally produce hunger.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which statement is false concerning the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?

Accepted Answer

A) Impaired excretion of sodium by the kidneys promotes water retention. 
B) Decreased oncotic pressure and increased hepatic sinusoidal hydrostatic pressure cause movement of fluid into the peritoneal cavity. 
C) Decreased blood flow to the kidneys activates aldosterone, which retains sodium. 
D) Circulating nitric oxide causes vasoconstriction, which forces fluid from the capillaries into the peritoneal cavity. 
A) Impaired excretion of sodium by the kidneys promotes water retention. 
B) Decreased oncotic pressure and increased hepatic sinusoidal hydrostatic pressure cause movement of fluid into the peritoneal cavity. 
C) Decreased blood flow to the kidneys activates aldosterone, which retains sodium. 
D) Circulating nitric oxide causes vasoconstriction, which forces fluid from the capillaries into the peritoneal cavity.

Question 11

The mutation of which gene occurs in cancers of the stomach, colon, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas?

Accepted Answer

A) K-ras mutation 
B) TP53 tumor-suppressor gene 
C) myc 
D) HER2 
A) K-ras mutation 
B) TP53 tumor-suppressor gene 
C) myc 
D) HER2

Question 12

Which are the early (prodromal) clinical manifestations of hepatitis?

Accepted Answer

A) Fatigue, fever, hyperalgia, and vomiting 
B) Light-colored stools, dark-colored urine 
C) Large, tender liver; itching; jaundice 
D) Pain in the left upper quadrant, splenomegaly 
A) Fatigue, fever, hyperalgia, and vomiting 
B) Light-colored stools, dark-colored urine 
C) Large, tender liver; itching; jaundice 
D) Pain in the left upper quadrant, splenomegaly

Question 13

The primary cause of duodenal ulcers is:

Accepted Answer

A) hypersecretion of gastric acid. 
B) hyposecretion of pepsin. 
C) Helicobacter pylori. 
D) Escherichia coli. 
A) hypersecretion of gastric acid. 
B) hyposecretion of pepsin. 
C) Helicobacter pylori. 
D) Escherichia coli.

Question 14

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Inflammation develops in crypts of Lieberkühn in the large intestine.

Accepted Answer

A) Ulcerative colitis 
B) Crohn disease 
A) Ulcerative colitis 
B) Crohn disease

Question 15

Which statement is false about the pathophysiology of alcoholic cirrhosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Inflammation and damage leading to cirrhosis begin in the bile canaliculi. 
B) Alcohol is transformed to acetaldehyde, which promotes liver fibrosis. 
C) Mitochondrial function is impaired, decreasing oxidation of fatty acids. 
D) Acetaldehyde inhibits export of proteins from the liver. 
A) Inflammation and damage leading to cirrhosis begin in the bile canaliculi. 
B) Alcohol is transformed to acetaldehyde, which promotes liver fibrosis. 
C) Mitochondrial function is impaired, decreasing oxidation of fatty acids. 
D) Acetaldehyde inhibits export of proteins from the liver.

Question 16

Parietal pain is diffuse because nerve endings in abdominal organs are sparse and multisegmented.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which statement is false regarding the contributing factors of duodenal ulcers?

Accepted Answer

A) There are a greater than usual number of parietal cells in the gastric mucosa. 
B) Gastric emptying is slowed causing greater exposure of the mucosa to acid. 
C) High serum gastrin levels remain high longer than normal after eating. 
D) Failure of the feedback mechanism occurs, whereas acid in the gastric antrum inhibits gastrin release. 
A) There are a greater than usual number of parietal cells in the gastric mucosa. 
B) Gastric emptying is slowed causing greater exposure of the mucosa to acid. 
C) High serum gastrin levels remain high longer than normal after eating. 
D) Failure of the feedback mechanism occurs, whereas acid in the gastric antrum inhibits gastrin release.

Question 18

A person who has cholera would be expected to have which type of diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

A) Osmotic 
B) Secretory 
C) Small volume 
D) Motility 
A) Osmotic 
B) Secretory 
C) Small volume 
D) Motility

Question 19

The action of antiemetics, such as domperidone, and haloperidol is to _____ the effects of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) block; 5-HT serotonin 
B) block; histamine-2 (H₂) 
C) stimulate; acetylcholine 
D) stimulate; dopamine (D₂) 
A) block; 5-HT serotonin 
B) block; histamine-2 (H₂) 
C) stimulate; acetylcholine 
D) stimulate; dopamine (D₂)

Question 20

With losses of more than 1000 ml or more, the heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute and systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 39: Alterations of Digestive Function

The most commonly occurring small intestinal obstruction is:

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Alterations in immunoglobulin G production have been found in individuals with this disorder.

Because patterns of bowel evacuation differ greatly among individuals, constipation must be individually defined.

A peptic ulcer may occur in all of the following areas except the:

Hepatitis A is transmitted through infected blood and other body fluids.

Intussusception causes intestinal obstruction by:

Symptoms characteristic of bulimia nervosa include:

Hepatitis B is a sexually transmitted disease.

Anorexia is the lack of desire to eat despite physiologic stimuli that would normally produce hunger.

Which statement is false concerning the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?

The mutation of which gene occurs in cancers of the stomach, colon, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas?

Which are the early (prodromal) clinical manifestations of hepatitis?

The primary cause of duodenal ulcers is:

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Inflammation develops in crypts of Lieberkühn in the large intestine.

Which statement is false about the pathophysiology of alcoholic cirrhosis?

Parietal pain is diffuse because nerve endings in abdominal organs are sparse and multisegmented.

Which statement is false regarding the contributing factors of duodenal ulcers?

A person who has cholera would be expected to have which type of diarrhea?

The action of antiemetics, such as domperidone, and haloperidol is to _____ the effects of _____.

With losses of more than 1000 ml or more, the heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute and systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Filters

The action of antiemetics, such as domperidone, and haloperidol is to _ the effects of _.