Question 1

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Mitral stenosis

Accepted Answer

A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle 
A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle

Question 2

Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the myocardium associated with hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased norepinephrine 
B) Adducin 
C) Angiotensin II 
D) Insulin resistance 
A) Increased norepinephrine 
B) Adducin 
C) Angiotensin II 
D) Insulin resistance

Question 4

Decreasing low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) can cause regression of atherosclerotic lesions and improve endothelial function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of aortic stenosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Jugular vein distention 
B) Bounding pulses 
C) Peripheral edema 
D) Angina 
A) Jugular vein distention 
B) Bounding pulses 
C) Peripheral edema 
D) Angina

Question 6

Chronic venous insufficiency can progress to varicose veins and valvular incompetence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

When fluid collects gradually in a pericardial effusion, the pericardium stretches to accommodate the fluid without compressing the heart.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is the expected electrocardiogram pattern for a person when a thrombus in a coronary artery lodges permanently in the vessel and the infarction extends through the myocardium from the endocardium to the epicardium?

Accepted Answer

A) Prolonged QT interval 
B) ST elevation (STEMI) 
C) ST depression (STDMI) 
D) Non-ST elevation (non-STEMI) 
A) Prolonged QT interval 
B) ST elevation (STEMI) 
C) ST depression (STDMI) 
D) Non-ST elevation (non-STEMI)

Question 9

What is the usual source of pulmonary emboli?

Accepted Answer

A) Deep venous thrombosis 
B) Endocarditis 
C) Valvular disease 
D) Left heart failure 
A) Deep venous thrombosis 
B) Endocarditis 
C) Valvular disease 
D) Left heart failure

Question 10

Genitourinary instrumentation, male gender, and intravenous drug use are risk factors for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Rheumatic fever 
B) Infective endocarditis 
C) Mitral regurgitation 
D) Aortic regurgitation 
A) Rheumatic fever 
B) Infective endocarditis 
C) Mitral regurgitation 
D) Aortic regurgitation

Question 11

Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud disease?

Accepted Answer

A) An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the feet and sometimes in the hands 
B) A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremities 
C) A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and less commonly, the toes 
D) An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities 
A) An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the feet and sometimes in the hands 
B) A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremities 
C) A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and less commonly, the toes 
D) An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities

Question 12

What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli as a result of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A) Compression of the renal tubules 
B) Ischemia of the tubule 
C) Increased pressure from within the tubule 
D) Obstruction of the renal tubule 
A) Compression of the renal tubules 
B) Ischemia of the tubule 
C) Increased pressure from within the tubule 
D) Obstruction of the renal tubule

Question 13

Which of the following risk factors is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Accepted Answer

A) Diabetes mellitus 
B) Hypertension 
C) Obesity 
D) High alcohol consumption 
A) Diabetes mellitus 
B) Hypertension 
C) Obesity 
D) High alcohol consumption

Question 14

A local state in which cells are temporarily deprived of blood supply is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) infarction. 
B) ischemia. 
C) necrosis. 
D) inflammation. 
A) infarction. 
B) ischemia. 
C) necrosis. 
D) inflammation.

Question 15

Which form of angina occurs most often during sleep as a result of vasospasms of one or more coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

A) Unstable 
B) Stable 
C) Silent 
D) Prinzmetal 
A) Unstable 
B) Stable 
C) Silent 
D) Prinzmetal

Question 16

An individual who is demonstrating elevated levels of troponin, creatine kinase (CK), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) is exhibiting indicators associated with:

Accepted Answer

A) myocardial ischemia. 
B) hypertension. 
C) myocardial infarction (MI). 
D) coronary artery disease. 
A) myocardial ischemia. 
B) hypertension. 
C) myocardial infarction (MI). 
D) coronary artery disease.

Question 17

The scar tissue that is formed after a myocardial infarction (MI) is most vulnerable to injury between days:

Accepted Answer

A) 5 to 9. 
B) 10 to 14. 
C) 15 to 20. 
D) 20 to 30. 
A) 5 to 9. 
B) 10 to 14. 
C) 15 to 20. 
D) 20 to 30.

Question 18

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Tricuspid regurgitation

Accepted Answer

A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle 
A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle

Question 19

In high output failure, the heart increases its output, but the body's metabolic needs are still not met.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which form of cardiomyopathy is usually caused by an infiltrative disease of the myocardium, such as amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, or glycogen storage disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Infiltrative 
B) Restrictive 
C) Septal 
D) Hypertrophic 
A) Infiltrative 
B) Restrictive 
C) Septal 
D) Hypertrophic

Exam 30: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Mitral stenosis

Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia.

What factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the myocardium associated with hypertension?

Decreasing low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) can cause regression of atherosclerotic lesions and improve endothelial function.

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of aortic stenosis?

Chronic venous insufficiency can progress to varicose veins and valvular incompetence.

When fluid collects gradually in a pericardial effusion, the pericardium stretches to accommodate the fluid without compressing the heart.

What is the expected electrocardiogram pattern for a person when a thrombus in a coronary artery lodges permanently in the vessel and the infarction extends through the myocardium from the endocardium to the epicardium?

What is the usual source of pulmonary emboli?

Genitourinary instrumentation, male gender, and intravenous drug use are risk factors for which of the following?

Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud disease?

What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli as a result of hypertension?

Which of the following risk factors is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD)?

A local state in which cells are temporarily deprived of blood supply is defined as:

Which form of angina occurs most often during sleep as a result of vasospasms of one or more coronary arteries?

An individual who is demonstrating elevated levels of troponin, creatine kinase (CK), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) is exhibiting indicators associated with:

The scar tissue that is formed after a myocardial infarction (MI) is most vulnerable to injury between days:

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Tricuspid regurgitation

In high output failure, the heart increases its output, but the body's metabolic needs are still not met.

Which form of cardiomyopathy is usually caused by an infiltrative disease of the myocardium, such as amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, or glycogen storage disease?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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