Question 1

Once fatty streaks accumulate, they form foam cells that cause immunologic changes that damage the endothelium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Nicotine increases atherosclerosis by the release of:

Accepted Answer

A) histamine. 
B) nitric oxide. 
C) angiotensin II. 
D) epinephrine. 
A) histamine. 
B) nitric oxide. 
C) angiotensin II. 
D) epinephrine.

Question 3

Many people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were treated with drugs that increased insulin sensitivity, experienced a decline in their blood pressure without taking antihypertensive drugs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

An increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) in diastolic heart failure may lead to pulmonary edema.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What changes in veins occur to create varicose veins?

Accepted Answer

A) An increase in osmotic pressure 
B) Damage to the valves within veins 
C) Damage to the venous endothelium 
D) An increase in hydrostatic pressure 
A) An increase in osmotic pressure 
B) Damage to the valves within veins 
C) Damage to the venous endothelium 
D) An increase in hydrostatic pressure

Question 6

Atherosclerosis causes an aneurysm by:

Accepted Answer

A) causing ischemia of the intima. 
B) increasing nitric oxide. 
C) eroding the vessel wall. 
D) obstructing the vessel. 
A) causing ischemia of the intima. 
B) increasing nitric oxide. 
C) eroding the vessel wall. 
D) obstructing the vessel.

Question 7

Chorea or St.Vitus dance is the most definitive sign of rheumatic fever.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Cardiac cells can withstand ischemic conditions and still return to a viable state for how many minutes?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 15 
C) 20 
D) 25 
A) 10 
B) 15 
C) 20 
D) 25

Question 9

A patient complains of sudden onset of severe chest pain that radiates to the back and worsens with respiratory movement and when lying down.These clinical manifestations describe:

Accepted Answer

A) myocardial infarction. 
B) pericardial effusion. 
C) restrictive pericarditis. 
D) acute pericarditis. 
A) myocardial infarction. 
B) pericardial effusion. 
C) restrictive pericarditis. 
D) acute pericarditis.

Question 10

Which statement best describes thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease)?

Accepted Answer

A) An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the feet and sometimes in the hands 
B) A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and less commonly, the toes 
C) An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities 
D) A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremities 
A) An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the feet and sometimes in the hands 
B) A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and less commonly, the toes 
C) An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities 
D) A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremities

Question 11

Angiotensin II increases the workload of the heart after a myocardial infarction by:

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the peripheral vascular resistance. 
B) causing dysrhythmias as a result of hyperkalemia. 
C) reducing the contractility of the myocardium. 
D) stimulating the sympathetic nervous system. 
A) increasing the peripheral vascular resistance. 
B) causing dysrhythmias as a result of hyperkalemia. 
C) reducing the contractility of the myocardium. 
D) stimulating the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 12

Which elevated value may be protective of the development of atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) 
B) Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) 
C) High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) 
D) Triglycerides (TGs) 
A) Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) 
B) Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) 
C) High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) 
D) Triglycerides (TGs)

Question 13

Which lab test is an indirect measure of atherosclerotic plaque?

Accepted Answer

A) Homocysteine 
B) Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 
C) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 
D) C-reactive protein (CRP) 
A) Homocysteine 
B) Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 
C) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 
D) C-reactive protein (CRP)

Question 14

Most body cells are also capable of synthesizing cholesterol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Aortic stenosis

Accepted Answer

A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle 
A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance.Which of the following heart failures may result from this condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Right heart failure 
B) Left heart failure 
C) Low-output failure 
D) High-output failure 
A) Right heart failure 
B) Left heart failure 
C) Low-output failure 
D) High-output failure

Question 17

The differences between healthy vessel walls and those that promote clot formation is that there is _____ of the endothelium of the vein.

Accepted Answer

A) inflammation of the endothelium of the artery and roughing 
B) vasoconstriction of the endothelium of the artery and hypertrophy 
C) excessive clot formation of the endothelium of the artery and lipid accumulation 
D) roughening of the endothelium of the artery and inflammation 
A) inflammation of the endothelium of the artery and roughing 
B) vasoconstriction of the endothelium of the artery and hypertrophy 
C) excessive clot formation of the endothelium of the artery and lipid accumulation 
D) roughening of the endothelium of the artery and inflammation

Question 18

Aortic and mitral regurgitation as well as mitral stenosis are caused by:

Accepted Answer

A) congenital malformation. 
B) cardiac failure. 
C) rheumatic fever. 
D) coronary artery disease. 
A) congenital malformation. 
B) cardiac failure. 
C) rheumatic fever. 
D) coronary artery disease.

Question 19

The risk of developing coronary artery disease is increased up to threefold by:

Accepted Answer

A) diabetes mellitus. 
B) hypertension. 
C) obesity. 
D) high alcohol consumption. 
A) diabetes mellitus. 
B) hypertension. 
C) obesity. 
D) high alcohol consumption.

Question 20

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Usually caused by ischemic or valvular heart disease

Accepted Answer

A) Restrictive cardiomyopathy 
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 
C) Dilated cardiomyopathy 
A) Restrictive cardiomyopathy 
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 
C) Dilated cardiomyopathy

Exam 30: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Once fatty streaks accumulate, they form foam cells that cause immunologic changes that damage the endothelium.

Nicotine increases atherosclerosis by the release of:

Many people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were treated with drugs that increased insulin sensitivity, experienced a decline in their blood pressure without taking antihypertensive drugs.

An increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) in diastolic heart failure may lead to pulmonary edema.

What changes in veins occur to create varicose veins?

Atherosclerosis causes an aneurysm by:

Chorea or St.Vitus dance is the most definitive sign of rheumatic fever.

Cardiac cells can withstand ischemic conditions and still return to a viable state for how many minutes?

A patient complains of sudden onset of severe chest pain that radiates to the back and worsens with respiratory movement and when lying down.These clinical manifestations describe:

Which statement best describes thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease)?

Angiotensin II increases the workload of the heart after a myocardial infarction by:

Which elevated value may be protective of the development of atherosclerosis?

Which lab test is an indirect measure of atherosclerotic plaque?

Most body cells are also capable of synthesizing cholesterol.

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Aortic stenosis

A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance.Which of the following heart failures may result from this condition?

The differences between healthy vessel walls and those that promote clot formation is that there is _____ of the endothelium of the vein.

Aortic and mitral regurgitation as well as mitral stenosis are caused by:

The risk of developing coronary artery disease is increased up to threefold by:

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Usually caused by ischemic or valvular heart disease

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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