Question 1

Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) Lactobacillus 
B) Candida albicans 
C) Clostridium difficile 
D) Helicobacter pylori 
A) Lactobacillus 
B) Candida albicans 
C) Clostridium difficile 
D) Helicobacter pylori

Question 2

What is function of the complement cascade called opsonization?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the tagging of pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages. 
B) It is the processing of pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created for acquired immunity. 
C) It is the destruction of glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms. 
D) It is the anaphylatoxic activity resulting in mast cell degranulation. 
A) It is the tagging of pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages. 
B) It is the processing of pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created for acquired immunity. 
C) It is the destruction of glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms. 
D) It is the anaphylatoxic activity resulting in mast cell degranulation.

Question 3

When histamine binds the histamine-2 (H₂) receptor, inflammation is:

Accepted Answer

A) inhibited. 
B) activated. 
C) accelerated. 
D) not changed. 
A) inhibited. 
B) activated. 
C) accelerated. 
D) not changed.

Question 4

One systemic manifestation of the acute inflammatory response is fever that is produced by _____ on the hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

A) endogenous pyrogens acting 
B) bacterial endotoxin acting 
C) antigen-antibody complexes acting 
D) exogenous pyrogens acting directly 
A) endogenous pyrogens acting 
B) bacterial endotoxin acting 
C) antigen-antibody complexes acting 
D) exogenous pyrogens acting directly

Question 5

One purpose of the inflammatory process is to:

Accepted Answer

A) provide specific responses toward antigens. 
B) lyse cell membranes of microorganisms. 
C) prevent infection of the injured tissue. 
D) create immunity against subsequent tissue injury. 
A) provide specific responses toward antigens. 
B) lyse cell membranes of microorganisms. 
C) prevent infection of the injured tissue. 
D) create immunity against subsequent tissue injury.

Question 6

Which secretion provides antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids as well as lactic acid to provide a first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

A) Tears 
B) Saliva 
C) Perspiration 
D) Sebaceous glands 
A) Tears 
B) Saliva 
C) Perspiration 
D) Sebaceous glands

Question 7

Eosinophils phagocytose parasites.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is an outcome of the complement cascade?

Accepted Answer

A) Activates the clotting cascade 
B) Prevents the spread of infection to adjacent tissues 
C) Inactivates chemical mediators such as histamine 
D) Attacks bacterial cell membranes 
A) Activates the clotting cascade 
B) Prevents the spread of infection to adjacent tissues 
C) Inactivates chemical mediators such as histamine 
D) Attacks bacterial cell membranes

Question 9

A role of NK cells is to:

Accepted Answer

A) initiate the complement cascade. 
B) eliminate malignant cells. 
C) bind tightly to antigens. 
D) proliferate after immunization with antigen. 
A) initiate the complement cascade. 
B) eliminate malignant cells. 
C) bind tightly to antigens. 
D) proliferate after immunization with antigen.

Question 10

Which of the following indicates a correct sequence in phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Engulfment, recognition, fusion, destruction 
B) Fusion, engulfment, recognition, destruction 
C) Recognition, engulfment, fusion, destruction 
D) Engulfment, fusion, recognition, destruction 
A) Engulfment, recognition, fusion, destruction 
B) Fusion, engulfment, recognition, destruction 
C) Recognition, engulfment, fusion, destruction 
D) Engulfment, fusion, recognition, destruction

Question 11

Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability and causes leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Leukotrienes 
B) Prostaglandin E 
C) Platelet-activating factor (PAF) 
D) Bradykinin 
A) Leukotrienes 
B) Prostaglandin E 
C) Platelet-activating factor (PAF) 
D) Bradykinin

Question 12

TNF-α is secreted from:

Accepted Answer

A) virally infected cells. 
B) bacterial infected cells. 
C) macrophages. 
D) mast cells. 
A) virally infected cells. 
B) bacterial infected cells. 
C) macrophages. 
D) mast cells.

Exam 6: Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy?

What is function of the complement cascade called opsonization?

When histamine binds the histamine-2 (H₂) receptor, inflammation is:

One systemic manifestation of the acute inflammatory response is fever that is produced by _____ on the hypothalamus.

One purpose of the inflammatory process is to:

Which secretion provides antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids as well as lactic acid to provide a first line of defense?

Eosinophils phagocytose parasites.

What is an outcome of the complement cascade?

A role of NK cells is to:

Which of the following indicates a correct sequence in phagocytosis?

Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability and causes leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?

TNF-α is secreted from:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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