Question 1

What occurs during the process of repair after tissue damage?

Accepted Answer

A) Destroyed tissue is replaced by nonfunctioning scar tissue. 
B) Regeneration occurs in which original tissue is replaced. 
C) Resolution occurs when tissue is regenerated. 
D) Destroyed tissue is replaced by epithelialization. 
A) Destroyed tissue is replaced by nonfunctioning scar tissue. 
B) Regeneration occurs in which original tissue is replaced. 
C) Resolution occurs when tissue is regenerated. 
D) Destroyed tissue is replaced by epithelialization.

Question 2

What are the inflammatory effects of nitric oxide (NO)?

Accepted Answer

A) It increases capillary permeability and causes pain. 
B) It increases neutrophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation. 
C) It causes smooth muscle contraction and fever. 
D) It decreases mast cell function and decreases platelet aggregation. 
A) It increases capillary permeability and causes pain. 
B) It increases neutrophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation. 
C) It causes smooth muscle contraction and fever. 
D) It decreases mast cell function and decreases platelet aggregation.

Question 3

Which solution is best to use when cleaning a wound that is healing by epithelialization?

Accepted Answer

A) Normal saline 
B) Povidone-iodine 
C) Hydrogen peroxide 
D) Dakin solution 
A) Normal saline 
B) Povidone-iodine 
C) Hydrogen peroxide 
D) Dakin solution

Question 4

Match each step of phagocytosis with its function.
-Lysosomal granules enter the phagocyte

Accepted Answer

A) Opsonization 
B) Engulfment 
C) Phagosome 
D) Fusion 
E) Destruction 
A) Opsonization 
B) Engulfment 
C) Phagosome 
D) Fusion 
E) Destruction

Question 5

Which of the following is a vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Platelet adhesion 
B) Initiation of the clotting cascade 
C) Vasodilation 
D) Increased endothelial adhesiveness 
A) Platelet adhesion 
B) Initiation of the clotting cascade 
C) Vasodilation 
D) Increased endothelial adhesiveness

Question 6

Nonpathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract produce chemicals that inhibit colonization of pathogenic microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

When looking at white blood cell differentials, nurses know that individuals have early, acute inflammatory reactions when they notice elevations of which leukocyte?

Accepted Answer

A) Monocytes 
B) Eosinophils 
C) Neutrophils 
D) Basophils 
A) Monocytes 
B) Eosinophils 
C) Neutrophils 
D) Basophils

Question 8

The _____ system is a plasma protein system that forms a fibrinous network at an inflamed site to prevent spread of infection to adjacent tissues and keep microorganisms and foreign bodies at the site of greatest inflammatory activity.

Accepted Answer

A) complement 
B) coagulation 
C) kinin 
D) fibrinolysis 
A) complement 
B) coagulation 
C) kinin 
D) fibrinolysis

Question 9

Resolution is best defined as the restoration of original structure and physiologic function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Match the biochemical barriers with its function. Terms can be used more than once.
-Sebaceous glands

Accepted Answer

A) Secrete antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic acid 
B) Attack cell walls of gram-positive bacteria 
A) Secrete antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic acid 
B) Attack cell walls of gram-positive bacteria

Question 11

What is the role of eosinophils in regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Eosinophils release arylsulfatase B that stimulates the formation of B lymphocytes. 
B) Eosinophils release histaminase that limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation. 
C) Eosinophils release lysosomal enzymes that activate mast cell degranulation during acute inflammation. 
D) Eosinophils release immunoglobulin E that defends the body against parasites. 
A) Eosinophils release arylsulfatase B that stimulates the formation of B lymphocytes. 
B) Eosinophils release histaminase that limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation. 
C) Eosinophils release lysosomal enzymes that activate mast cell degranulation during acute inflammation. 
D) Eosinophils release immunoglobulin E that defends the body against parasites.

Question 12

Match the biochemical barriers with its function. Terms can be used more than once.
-Tears

Accepted Answer

A) Secrete antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic acid 
B) Attack cell walls of gram-positive bacteria 
A) Secrete antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic acid 
B) Attack cell walls of gram-positive bacteria

Question 13

What effect does chemotactic factor have on the inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A) It causes vasodilation around the inflamed area. 
B) It stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area. 
C) It directs leukocytes to the inflamed area. 
D) It produces edema around the inflamed area. 
A) It causes vasodilation around the inflamed area. 
B) It stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area. 
C) It directs leukocytes to the inflamed area. 
D) It produces edema around the inflamed area.

Question 14

The main functions of natural killer (NK) cells are recognition and elimination of bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Activated T and B lymphocytes provide innate immunity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Opsonization is a process that renders bacteria more susceptible to phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Match each step of phagocytosis with its function.
-Microorganisms are ingested

Accepted Answer

A) Opsonization 
B) Engulfment 
C) Phagosome 
D) Fusion 
E) Destruction 
A) Opsonization 
B) Engulfment 
C) Phagosome 
D) Fusion 
E) Destruction

Question 18

Several bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are resistant to killing by granulocytes and can survive inside macrophages.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Neutrophils are involved in activation of the adaptive immune system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The inflammatory response is the body's first line of defense.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 6: Innate Immunity: Inflammation

What occurs during the process of repair after tissue damage?

What are the inflammatory effects of nitric oxide (NO)?

Which solution is best to use when cleaning a wound that is healing by epithelialization?

Match each step of phagocytosis with its function. -Lysosomal granules enter the phagocyte

Which of the following is a vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?

Nonpathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract produce chemicals that inhibit colonization of pathogenic microorganisms.

When looking at white blood cell differentials, nurses know that individuals have early, acute inflammatory reactions when they notice elevations of which leukocyte?

The _____ system is a plasma protein system that forms a fibrinous network at an inflamed site to prevent spread of infection to adjacent tissues and keep microorganisms and foreign bodies at the site of greatest inflammatory activity.

Resolution is best defined as the restoration of original structure and physiologic function.

Match the biochemical barriers with its function. Terms can be used more than once. -Sebaceous glands

What is the role of eosinophils in regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells?

Match the biochemical barriers with its function. Terms can be used more than once. -Tears

What effect does chemotactic factor have on the inflammatory process?

The main functions of natural killer (NK) cells are recognition and elimination of bacteria.

Activated T and B lymphocytes provide innate immunity.

Opsonization is a process that renders bacteria more susceptible to phagocytosis.

Match each step of phagocytosis with its function. -Microorganisms are ingested

Several bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are resistant to killing by granulocytes and can survive inside macrophages.

Neutrophils are involved in activation of the adaptive immune system.

The inflammatory response is the body's first line of defense.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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