Question 1

What type of research will assist a nurse researcher in focusing on the theory and development of measurement instruments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Meta-analysis 
B)  Psychometrics 
C)  Methodology 
D)  Data management 
A)  Meta-analysis 
B)  Psychometrics 
C)  Methodology 
D)  Data management B

Question 2

What type of research designs are considered to be developmental studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-sectional 
B)  Comparative 
C)  Exploratory 
D)  Longitudinal 
E)  Prospective
F) Cohort
G) Descriptive 
A)  Cross-sectional 
B)  Comparative 
C)  Exploratory 
D)  Longitudinal 
E)  Prospective
F) Cohort
G) Descriptive A,D,E,F

Question 3

What study of type would be most appropriate when data are collected at only one point in time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-sectional 
B)  Retrospective 
C)  Longitudinal 
D)  Prospective 
A)  Cross-sectional 
B)  Retrospective 
C)  Longitudinal 
D)  Prospective A

Question 4

Why would a nurse researcher choose an ex post facto design over more a correlational design?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is easier to carry out. 
B)  The independent variable can be manipulated. 
C)  There is a greater degree of control in the design. 
D)  There is increased flexibility for study when relationships among the variables are complex. 
A)  It is easier to carry out. 
B)  The independent variable can be manipulated. 
C)  There is a greater degree of control in the design. 
D)  There is increased flexibility for study when relationships among the variables are complex.

Question 5

What type of research designs are considered to be survey studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Descriptive 
B)  Exploratory 
C)  Correlational 
D)  Developmental 
E)  Comparative
F) Cross-sectional 
A)  Descriptive 
B)  Exploratory 
C)  Correlational 
D)  Developmental 
E)  Comparative
F) Cross-sectional

Question 6

When should a nurse researcher expect to use a descriptive or exploratory design?

Accepted Answer

A)  When expanding the results of a qualitative study 
B)  When direct contact with potential subjects is not possible 
C)  When little is known about a particular subject or phenomenon 
D)  When issues of cause and effect in a situation have already been determined 
A)  When expanding the results of a qualitative study 
B)  When direct contact with potential subjects is not possible 
C)  When little is known about a particular subject or phenomenon 
D)  When issues of cause and effect in a situation have already been determined

Question 7

Which method of data collection is most appropriate for a nurse researcher to use in a survey study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Videotaping of people-to-people interactions 
B)  Direct participant observation 
C)  Unstructured interview 
D)  Questionnaires 
A)  Videotaping of people-to-people interactions 
B)  Direct participant observation 
C)  Unstructured interview 
D)  Questionnaires

Question 8

What type of study design would be most appropriate for a nurse researcher to use to assess whether premature infants who were visited more often by parents had shorter lengths of stay in the newborn intensive care unit?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-sectional survey 
B)  Descriptive, comparative survey 
C)  Predictive, statistical survey 
D)  Causative, correlational 
A)  Cross-sectional survey 
B)  Descriptive, comparative survey 
C)  Predictive, statistical survey 
D)  Causative, correlational

Question 9

What type of research designs are considered to be relationship-difference studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Descriptive 
B)  Exploratory 
C)  Correlational 
D)  Developmental 
E)  Comparative
F) Cross-sectional 
A)  Descriptive 
B)  Exploratory 
C)  Correlational 
D)  Developmental 
E)  Comparative
F) Cross-sectional

Question 10

Which statement regarding focus of methodologic research is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Predicting outcomes 
B)  Defining the construct to be measured 
C)  Examining the relationship among variables 
D)  Quantifying the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable 
A)  Predicting outcomes 
B)  Defining the construct to be measured 
C)  Examining the relationship among variables 
D)  Quantifying the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable

Question 11

Why would a nurse researcher choose to use a correlational study of multiple variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  To identify the independent variable 
B)  To test whether one variable causes another variable 
C)  To examine relationships between or among variables 
D)  To distinguish how different one variable is from another variable 
A)  To identify the independent variable 
B)  To test whether one variable causes another variable 
C)  To examine relationships between or among variables 
D)  To distinguish how different one variable is from another variable

Question 12

What can a nurse researcher address in a study using a survey design? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Interrelationships of variables 
B)  Description of variables 
C)  Assessment of differences between variables 
D)  Determination of causation 
E)  Prediction of treatment outcomes 
A)  Interrelationships of variables 
B)  Description of variables 
C)  Assessment of differences between variables 
D)  Determination of causation 
E)  Prediction of treatment outcomes

Question 13

Which factor or situation in a report of a study using a correlational design would cause a nurse researcher to question the validity of the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The study does not have a nontreatment control group. 
B)  The researchers conclude that a causal relationship exists between the variables. 
C)  The researchers suggest the findings have a practical application in a clinical setting. 
D)  The researchers used existing instruments to measure the variables instead of developing specific instruments for the study. 
A)  The study does not have a nontreatment control group. 
B)  The researchers conclude that a causal relationship exists between the variables. 
C)  The researchers suggest the findings have a practical application in a clinical setting. 
D)  The researchers used existing instruments to measure the variables instead of developing specific instruments for the study.

Question 14

Which study title is most indicative of a cross-sectional design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Effect of prenatal parenting classes on maternal-infant bonding in the early postpartum period 
B)  Change in self-esteem over time among women participating in a weight-loss support group 
C)  Relationship between self-esteem and successful breast feeding at 1 month and 6 months after birth 
D)  Women's appraisal of the diagnosis of breast cancer within the first 48 hours after initial cancer diagnosis 
A)  Effect of prenatal parenting classes on maternal-infant bonding in the early postpartum period 
B)  Change in self-esteem over time among women participating in a weight-loss support group 
C)  Relationship between self-esteem and successful breast feeding at 1 month and 6 months after birth 
D)  Women's appraisal of the diagnosis of breast cancer within the first 48 hours after initial cancer diagnosis

Question 15

Which features are characteristic of nonexperimental research? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Clear research problem 
B)  Use of a control group 
C)  Randomized subjects 
D)  Variable manipulation 
E)  Some elements of control 
A)  Clear research problem 
B)  Use of a control group 
C)  Randomized subjects 
D)  Variable manipulation 
E)  Some elements of control

Question 16

When would a nurse researcher choose to use a developmental study design?

Accepted Answer

A)  To allow comparison of the results of qualitative studies of a particular phenomenon to the results of quantitative studies of the same phenomenon 
B)  To allow reanalysis of existing data for a secondary purpose not stated in the original research 
C)  To allow exploration of the changing nature of relationships between variables over time 
D)  To allow development or refinement of a tool or instrument 
A)  To allow comparison of the results of qualitative studies of a particular phenomenon to the results of quantitative studies of the same phenomenon 
B)  To allow reanalysis of existing data for a secondary purpose not stated in the original research 
C)  To allow exploration of the changing nature of relationships between variables over time 
D)  To allow development or refinement of a tool or instrument

Question 17

For the nurse researcher to develop a research instrument accurately,what is the sequence of steps that he or she must take?

Accepted Answer

A)  Define the construct, formulate the items, develop the instructions to the respondents, and test the instrument for reliability and validity 
B)  Formulate the items, define the construct, develop instructions to the respondents, and test the instrument for reliability and validity 
C)  Develop the instructions to the respondents, define the construct, formulate the items, and test the instrument for reliability and validity 
D)  Formulate the items, develop the instructions to the respondents, test the instrument for reliability and validity, and define the construct 
A)  Define the construct, formulate the items, develop the instructions to the respondents, and test the instrument for reliability and validity 
B)  Formulate the items, define the construct, develop instructions to the respondents, and test the instrument for reliability and validity 
C)  Develop the instructions to the respondents, define the construct, formulate the items, and test the instrument for reliability and validity 
D)  Formulate the items, develop the instructions to the respondents, test the instrument for reliability and validity, and define the construct

Question 18

Which study would be representative of methodologic research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Assessment of nurses' attitudes and knowledge regarding pain management 
B)  The relationship between need satisfaction, support, and maternal attachment in the adolescent mother-infant dyad 
C)  Sibling perceptions of childhood physical and mental chronic illness, a secondary analysis of three data sets 
D)  Development and further testing in the critical care setting of an instrument to measure comfort provided by nurses 
A)  Assessment of nurses' attitudes and knowledge regarding pain management 
B)  The relationship between need satisfaction, support, and maternal attachment in the adolescent mother-infant dyad 
C)  Sibling perceptions of childhood physical and mental chronic illness, a secondary analysis of three data sets 
D)  Development and further testing in the critical care setting of an instrument to measure comfort provided by nurses

Question 19

Why would a nurse researcher decide to use a longitudinal or prospective design?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is associated with data that are focused and deep. 
B)  It allows the overall study to be more manageable for the researcher. 
C)  It allows the issue of maturation to be avoided as a threat to internal validity. 
D)  It allows the nurse researcher to avoid the use of tools or instrumentation. 
A)  It is associated with data that are focused and deep. 
B)  It allows the overall study to be more manageable for the researcher. 
C)  It allows the issue of maturation to be avoided as a threat to internal validity. 
D)  It allows the nurse researcher to avoid the use of tools or instrumentation.

Question 20

How are the longitudinal study and the prospective study similar?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each moves forward in time. 
B)  Each has an experimental focus. 
C)  Each is able to establish causal relationships. 
D)  Each selects different samples from the same population at various periods of time. 
A)  Each moves forward in time. 
B)  Each has an experimental focus. 
C)  Each is able to establish causal relationships. 
D)  Each selects different samples from the same population at various periods of time.

What type of research will assist a nurse researcher in focusing on the theory and development of measurement instruments?

What type of research designs are considered to be developmental studies?

What study of type would be most appropriate when data are collected at only one point in time?

Why would a nurse researcher choose an ex post facto design over more a correlational design?

What type of research designs are considered to be survey studies?

When should a nurse researcher expect to use a descriptive or exploratory design?

Which method of data collection is most appropriate for a nurse researcher to use in a survey study?

What type of study design would be most appropriate for a nurse researcher to use to assess whether premature infants who were visited more often by parents had shorter lengths of stay in the newborn intensive care unit?

What type of research designs are considered to be relationship-difference studies?

Which statement regarding focus of methodologic research is most accurate?

Why would a nurse researcher choose to use a correlational study of multiple variables?

What can a nurse researcher address in a study using a survey design? (Select all that apply.)

Which factor or situation in a report of a study using a correlational design would cause a nurse researcher to question the validity of the study?

Which study title is most indicative of a cross-sectional design?

Which features are characteristic of nonexperimental research? (Select all that apply.)

When would a nurse researcher choose to use a developmental study design?

For the nurse researcher to develop a research instrument accurately,what is the sequence of steps that he or she must take?

Which study would be representative of methodologic research?

Why would a nurse researcher decide to use a longitudinal or prospective design?

How are the longitudinal study and the prospective study similar?

Integrating the Processes of Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Gathering and Appraising the Literature

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Appraising Qualitative Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Sampling

Legal and Ethical Issues

Data-Collection Methods

Reliability and Validity

Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Understanding Research Findings

Appraising Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Tools for Applying Evidence to Practice

Filters

Exam 9: Nonexperimental Designs

What type of research will assist a nurse researcher in focusing on the theory and development of measurement instruments?

What type of research designs are considered to be developmental studies?

What study of type would be most appropriate when data are collected at only one point in time?

Why would a nurse researcher choose an ex post facto design over more a correlational design?

What type of research designs are considered to be survey studies?

When should a nurse researcher expect to use a descriptive or exploratory design?

Which method of data collection is most appropriate for a nurse researcher to use in a survey study?

What type of study design would be most appropriate for a nurse researcher to use to assess whether premature infants who were visited more often by parents had shorter lengths of stay in the newborn intensive care unit?

What type of research designs are considered to be relationship-difference studies?

Which statement regarding focus of methodologic research is most accurate?

Why would a nurse researcher choose to use a correlational study of multiple variables?

What can a nurse researcher address in a study using a survey design? (Select all that apply.)

Which factor or situation in a report of a study using a correlational design would cause a nurse researcher to question the validity of the study?

Which study title is most indicative of a cross-sectional design?

Which features are characteristic of nonexperimental research? (Select all that apply.)

When would a nurse researcher choose to use a developmental study design?

For the nurse researcher to develop a research instrument accurately,what is the sequence of steps that he or she must take?

Which study would be representative of methodologic research?

Why would a nurse researcher decide to use a longitudinal or prospective design?

How are the longitudinal study and the prospective study similar?

Integrating the Processes of Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Gathering and Appraising the Literature

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Appraising Qualitative Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Sampling

Legal and Ethical Issues

Data-Collection Methods

Reliability and Validity

Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Understanding Research Findings

Appraising Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Tools for Applying Evidence to Practice

Filters