Question 1

Which basic human right exists when people are treated as autonomous agents who have the freedom to choose without external controls?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right to free speech 
B)  Right to anonymity and confidentiality 
C)  Right to fair treatment 
D)  Right to protection from discomfort and harm 
A)  Right to free speech 
B)  Right to anonymity and confidentiality 
C)  Right to fair treatment 
D)  Right to protection from discomfort and harm C

Question 2

A patient newly diagnosed with breast cancer is asked to participate in a clinical trial for a new chemotherapy agent.This patient's freedom to participate or not participate in the study exercises protection of which of her human rights?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right to fair treatment 
B)  Right to self-determination 
C)  Right to privacy and dignity 
D)  Right to anonymity and confidentiality 
A)  Right to fair treatment 
B)  Right to self-determination 
C)  Right to privacy and dignity 
D)  Right to anonymity and confidentiality B

Question 3

What factors might influence whether it is ethical to require an elderly person to participate in a research study? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  The relevance of the research study to issues important to elderly patients 
B)  The ethnic background of the potential elderly participant 
C)  The age of the potential elderly participant 
D)  The cognitive capacity of the potential elderly participant 
E)  The degree of risk associated with the study 
A)  The relevance of the research study to issues important to elderly patients 
B)  The ethnic background of the potential elderly participant 
C)  The age of the potential elderly participant 
D)  The cognitive capacity of the potential elderly participant 
E)  The degree of risk associated with the study A,D,E

Question 4

A mother agrees to let her child participate in a research study because she believes that if she does not agree her child will be denied medical treatment.What right is violated in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Voluntary consent 
B)  Freedom from harm 
C)  Protection from discomfort 
D)  Fair and equitable treatment 
A)  Voluntary consent 
B)  Freedom from harm 
C)  Protection from discomfort 
D)  Fair and equitable treatment

Question 5

The nurse researcher is planning a research study that will use human subjects and their choice to participate in a specific treatment.Which ethical principle describes a prospective subject's freedom to choose whether or not to participate in the research study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Justice 
B)  Beneficence 
C)  Confidentiality 
D)  Respect for persons 
A)  Justice 
B)  Beneficence 
C)  Confidentiality 
D)  Respect for persons

Question 6

Which ethical principles are illustrated by obtaining IRB approval? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Respect 
B)  Beneficence 
C)  Trust 
D)  Justice 
E)  Anonymity
F) Confidentiality 
A)  Respect 
B)  Beneficence 
C)  Trust 
D)  Justice 
E)  Anonymity
F) Confidentiality

Question 7

When should a nurse researcher always need informed consent?

Accepted Answer

A)  With an experimental study 
B)  With a retrospective chart audit 
C)  With a study with minimal risk in which the subject has been given a verbal explanation of the study 
D)  With a study in which the convenience sample voluntarily completes and returns a questionnaire 
A)  With an experimental study 
B)  With a retrospective chart audit 
C)  With a study with minimal risk in which the subject has been given a verbal explanation of the study 
D)  With a study in which the convenience sample voluntarily completes and returns a questionnaire

Question 8

Which statement regarding the American Nursing Association ( ANA )'s "Human Rights Guidelines for Nursing in Clinical and Other Research" ( 1975 )is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is relevant only for nurse researchers. 
B)  It defines what is and what is not nursing research. 
C)  It specifies the nurse's role in obtaining informed consent for medical studies. 
D)  It is used by all nurses to ensure that the patient's human rights are safeguarded. 
A)  It is relevant only for nurse researchers. 
B)  It defines what is and what is not nursing research. 
C)  It specifies the nurse's role in obtaining informed consent for medical studies. 
D)  It is used by all nurses to ensure that the patient's human rights are safeguarded.

Question 9

Which group represents a captive population of potential subjects for comparing the effectiveness of a pamphlet versus a videotape in teaching young men how to perform testicular self-examination?

Accepted Answer

A)  Students in a high school health education class 
B)  Young men undergoing treatment for testicular cancer 
C)  Males who request screening information from the American Cancer Society 
D)  People who respond to a newspaper advertisement requesting responses by sons and brothers of men who have had testicular cancer 
A)  Students in a high school health education class 
B)  Young men undergoing treatment for testicular cancer 
C)  Males who request screening information from the American Cancer Society 
D)  People who respond to a newspaper advertisement requesting responses by sons and brothers of men who have had testicular cancer

Question 10

Which basic human right is violated when a nurse researcher allows an unauthorized person access to study data containing information about subject identity and responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Justice 
B)  Beneficence 
C)  Confidentiality 
D)  Respect for persons 
A)  Justice 
B)  Beneficence 
C)  Confidentiality 
D)  Respect for persons

Question 11

The nurse researcher is planning a research study that will use human subjects and their choice to participate in a specific treatment.Which ethical principle guiding the research study describes the nurse researcher's obligation to benefit others?

Accepted Answer

A)  Justice 
B)  Beneficence 
C)  Confidentiality 
D)  Respect for persons 
A)  Justice 
B)  Beneficence 
C)  Confidentiality 
D)  Respect for persons

Question 12

Which basic human right exists when the subject's identity cannot be linked,even by the researcher,with his or her individual responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right to self-determination 
B)  Right to anonymity and confidentiality 
C)  Right to fair treatment 
D)  Right to protection from discomfort and harm 
A)  Right to self-determination 
B)  Right to anonymity and confidentiality 
C)  Right to fair treatment 
D)  Right to protection from discomfort and harm

Question 13

What criterion must be met to include prisoners as subjects in a research study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The research must have direct relevance to the prison population. 
B)  The prisoner must receive compensation in some form for his or her participation. 
C)  At least two witnesses are required to demonstrate that the prisoner was not coerced to participate. 
D)  Prisoners selected as participants must either have life sentences or death sentences. 
A)  The research must have direct relevance to the prison population. 
B)  The prisoner must receive compensation in some form for his or her participation. 
C)  At least two witnesses are required to demonstrate that the prisoner was not coerced to participate. 
D)  Prisoners selected as participants must either have life sentences or death sentences.

Question 14

A nurse researcher critiques a study that examined cardiovascular health in male prison inmates.When reviewing the study for ethical concerns,what does the researcher expect the study to include? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  A copy of the informed consent form in the Appendix 
B)  A statement that participants received informed consent information 
C)  A statement that the study was reviewed and approved by an IRB 
D)  A paragraph detailing the proceedings of the IRB approval hearing 
E)  A statement that identifies how this vulnerable population was protected 
A)  A copy of the informed consent form in the Appendix 
B)  A statement that participants received informed consent information 
C)  A statement that the study was reviewed and approved by an IRB 
D)  A paragraph detailing the proceedings of the IRB approval hearing 
E)  A statement that identifies how this vulnerable population was protected

Question 15

When did the United States government mandate that all research studies must be reviewed and approved by an IRB?

Accepted Answer

A)  1946 
B)  1964 
C)  1973 
D)  1984 
A)  1946 
B)  1964 
C)  1973 
D)  1984

Question 16

Which basic human right exists when subjects have the right to withdraw from a study without penalty?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right to self-determination 
B)  Right to anonymity and confidentiality 
C)  Right to fair treatment 
D)  Right to protection from discomfort and harm 
A)  Right to self-determination 
B)  Right to anonymity and confidentiality 
C)  Right to fair treatment 
D)  Right to protection from discomfort and harm

Question 17

A person gives consent to participate in a study,is assigned to an intervention group,and is expected to remain in the study for 1 year.What ethical principle is violated if after 6 months the subjects in the treatment group have more problems than the control subjects,and the nurse researcher does not allow the members of the treatment group to stop treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Justice 
B)  Beneficence 
C)  Confidentiality 
D)  Respect for persons 
A)  Justice 
B)  Beneficence 
C)  Confidentiality 
D)  Respect for persons

Question 18

Why is the issue of personal privacy more difficult for nurse researchers to protect in qualitative studies than it is in quantitative studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants may be related to each other. 
B)  The researcher meets face to face with most participants. 
C)  Participants are not asked to sign an informed consent statement. 
D)  Verbatim quotations from participants may reveal personal information. 
A)  Participants may be related to each other. 
B)  The researcher meets face to face with most participants. 
C)  Participants are not asked to sign an informed consent statement. 
D)  Verbatim quotations from participants may reveal personal information.

Question 19

Which agency currently provides guidance to federal agencies on the ethical conduct of current and future human biological and behavioral research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human Genome Project 
B)  Department of Health and Human Services 
C)  National Bioethics Advisory Commission 
D)  NIH Office of Research Integrity 
A)  Human Genome Project 
B)  Department of Health and Human Services 
C)  National Bioethics Advisory Commission 
D)  NIH Office of Research Integrity

Question 20

All the following statements appear in a study's informed consent form.Which statement violates the Code of Federal Regulations?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I understand that I may experience a small amount of discomfort during the study when blood is taken from one of my veins." 
B)  "I understand that the investigator will not be responsible for any harm I experience that results from negligence." 
C)  "I understand that I will not receive any compensation for my participation in this research study." 
D)  "I understand this study may not have any immediate benefits to me as a result of my participation." 
A)  "I understand that I may experience a small amount of discomfort during the study when blood is taken from one of my veins." 
B)  "I understand that the investigator will not be responsible for any harm I experience that results from negligence." 
C)  "I understand that I will not receive any compensation for my participation in this research study." 
D)  "I understand this study may not have any immediate benefits to me as a result of my participation."

Which basic human right exists when people are treated as autonomous agents who have the freedom to choose without external controls?

A patient newly diagnosed with breast cancer is asked to participate in a clinical trial for a new chemotherapy agent.This patient's freedom to participate or not participate in the study exercises protection of which of her human rights?

What factors might influence whether it is ethical to require an elderly person to participate in a research study? (Select all that apply.)

A mother agrees to let her child participate in a research study because she believes that if she does not agree her child will be denied medical treatment.What right is violated in this situation?

The nurse researcher is planning a research study that will use human subjects and their choice to participate in a specific treatment.Which ethical principle describes a prospective subject's freedom to choose whether or not to participate in the research study?

Which ethical principles are illustrated by obtaining IRB approval? (Select all that apply.)

When should a nurse researcher always need informed consent?

Which statement regarding the American Nursing Association ( ANA )'s "Human Rights Guidelines for Nursing in Clinical and Other Research" ( 1975 )is most accurate?

Which group represents a captive population of potential subjects for comparing the effectiveness of a pamphlet versus a videotape in teaching young men how to perform testicular self-examination?

Which basic human right is violated when a nurse researcher allows an unauthorized person access to study data containing information about subject identity and responses?

The nurse researcher is planning a research study that will use human subjects and their choice to participate in a specific treatment.Which ethical principle guiding the research study describes the nurse researcher's obligation to benefit others?

Which basic human right exists when the subject's identity cannot be linked,even by the researcher,with his or her individual responses?

What criterion must be met to include prisoners as subjects in a research study?

A nurse researcher critiques a study that examined cardiovascular health in male prison inmates.When reviewing the study for ethical concerns,what does the researcher expect the study to include? (Select all that apply.)

When did the United States government mandate that all research studies must be reviewed and approved by an IRB?

Which basic human right exists when subjects have the right to withdraw from a study without penalty?

Why is the issue of personal privacy more difficult for nurse researchers to protect in qualitative studies than it is in quantitative studies?

Which agency currently provides guidance to federal agencies on the ethical conduct of current and future human biological and behavioral research?

All the following statements appear in a study's informed consent form.Which statement violates the Code of Federal Regulations?

Integrating the Processes of Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Gathering and Appraising the Literature

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Appraising Qualitative Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Nonexperimental Designs

Sampling

Data-Collection Methods

Reliability and Validity

Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Understanding Research Findings

Appraising Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Tools for Applying Evidence to Practice

Filters

Exam 11: Legal and Ethical Issues

Which basic human right exists when people are treated as autonomous agents who have the freedom to choose without external controls?

A patient newly diagnosed with breast cancer is asked to participate in a clinical trial for a new chemotherapy agent.This patient's freedom to participate or not participate in the study exercises protection of which of her human rights?

What factors might influence whether it is ethical to require an elderly person to participate in a research study? (Select all that apply.)

A mother agrees to let her child participate in a research study because she believes that if she does not agree her child will be denied medical treatment.What right is violated in this situation?

The nurse researcher is planning a research study that will use human subjects and their choice to participate in a specific treatment.Which ethical principle describes a prospective subject's freedom to choose whether or not to participate in the research study?

Which ethical principles are illustrated by obtaining IRB approval? (Select all that apply.)

When should a nurse researcher always need informed consent?

Which statement regarding the American Nursing Association ( ANA )'s "Human Rights Guidelines for Nursing in Clinical and Other Research" ( 1975 )is most accurate?

Which group represents a captive population of potential subjects for comparing the effectiveness of a pamphlet versus a videotape in teaching young men how to perform testicular self-examination?

Which basic human right is violated when a nurse researcher allows an unauthorized person access to study data containing information about subject identity and responses?

The nurse researcher is planning a research study that will use human subjects and their choice to participate in a specific treatment.Which ethical principle guiding the research study describes the nurse researcher's obligation to benefit others?

Which basic human right exists when the subject's identity cannot be linked,even by the researcher,with his or her individual responses?

What criterion must be met to include prisoners as subjects in a research study?

A nurse researcher critiques a study that examined cardiovascular health in male prison inmates.When reviewing the study for ethical concerns,what does the researcher expect the study to include? (Select all that apply.)

When did the United States government mandate that all research studies must be reviewed and approved by an IRB?

Which basic human right exists when subjects have the right to withdraw from a study without penalty?

Why is the issue of personal privacy more difficult for nurse researchers to protect in qualitative studies than it is in quantitative studies?

Which agency currently provides guidance to federal agencies on the ethical conduct of current and future human biological and behavioral research?

All the following statements appear in a study's informed consent form.Which statement violates the Code of Federal Regulations?

Integrating the Processes of Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Gathering and Appraising the Literature

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Appraising Qualitative Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Nonexperimental Designs

Sampling

Data-Collection Methods

Reliability and Validity

Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Understanding Research Findings

Appraising Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Tools for Applying Evidence to Practice

Filters