Question 1

How can a nurse researcher tell the difference in an accessible population and a target population?

Accepted Answer

A)  The accessible population meets the inclusion criteria, and the target population meets the exclusion criteria. 
B)  The target population meets the inclusion criteria, and the accessible population meets the exclusion criteria. 
C)  The accessible population represents the entire set of cases the researcher wishes to study, and the target population represents that part of the accessible population that could feasibly be included in the study. 
D)  The target population represents the entire set of cases the researcher wishes to study, and the accessible population represents that part of the target population that could feasibly be included in the study. 
A)  The accessible population meets the inclusion criteria, and the target population meets the exclusion criteria. 
B)  The target population meets the inclusion criteria, and the accessible population meets the exclusion criteria. 
C)  The accessible population represents the entire set of cases the researcher wishes to study, and the target population represents that part of the accessible population that could feasibly be included in the study. 
D)  The target population represents the entire set of cases the researcher wishes to study, and the accessible population represents that part of the target population that could feasibly be included in the study. D

Question 2

A nurse researcher is critiquing a nursing research study and reads the following description: "Five hundred randomly selected hospital patients were obtained; every tenth subject was selected for a group of 50." Which characteristics most accurately describe this sampling approach? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonprobability sampling 
B)  Quota sampling 
C)  Probability sampling 
D)  Systematic sampling 
E)  Convenience sampling 
A)  Nonprobability sampling 
B)  Quota sampling 
C)  Probability sampling 
D)  Systematic sampling 
E)  Convenience sampling C,D

Question 3

The nurse researcher is developing inclusion and exclusion criteria.Which statement is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  These criteria are not needed when the population being studied is composed of events. 
B)  These criteria serve to ensure that the characteristics of the sample and the population are congruent. 
C)  Inclusion criteria are used to define the independent variables, and exclusion criteria are used to define dependent variables. 
D)  Inclusion criteria are used to define the dependent variables, and exclusion criteria are used to define independent variables. 
A)  These criteria are not needed when the population being studied is composed of events. 
B)  These criteria serve to ensure that the characteristics of the sample and the population are congruent. 
C)  Inclusion criteria are used to define the independent variables, and exclusion criteria are used to define dependent variables. 
D)  Inclusion criteria are used to define the dependent variables, and exclusion criteria are used to define independent variables. B

Question 4

The nurse researcher is attempting to formulate the basis for eligibility criteria in sample selection.Which statement will be most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  A sample of 1,000 practicing nurses in a selected state was surveyed. 
B)  The sample consisted of 267 white girls and 258 Hispanic girls who lived in urban areas in their respective countries. 
C)  The sample consisted of 40 men between the ages of 20 and 55 who were treated for burn injuries during the past decade at a specialized burn unit. 
D)  The sample consisted of 57 hospital nurse executives and 178 staff registered nurses employed in a Midwestern state. 
A)  A sample of 1,000 practicing nurses in a selected state was surveyed. 
B)  The sample consisted of 267 white girls and 258 Hispanic girls who lived in urban areas in their respective countries. 
C)  The sample consisted of 40 men between the ages of 20 and 55 who were treated for burn injuries during the past decade at a specialized burn unit. 
D)  The sample consisted of 57 hospital nurse executives and 178 staff registered nurses employed in a Midwestern state.

Question 5

How can the nurse researcher know that a sample is representative of a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sample is homogeneous. 
B)  All units of a population are included. 
C)  The most readily accessible persons are used as subjects. 
D)  The characteristics of the sample closely approximate those of the population. 
A)  The sample is homogeneous. 
B)  All units of a population are included. 
C)  The most readily accessible persons are used as subjects. 
D)  The characteristics of the sample closely approximate those of the population.

Question 6

Why would a nurse researcher opt to use a stratified sample in a research study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sample population is divided into subsets that are homogeneous for a particular trait or feature. 
B)  The sample population is divided into subsets for random assignment into an intervention or a usual-care group. 
C)  The sample population is randomly assigned to a specific subgroup that will vary from the others on the basis of type of treatment. 
D)  The sample population is randomly assigned to a specific subgroup that will vary from the others on the basis of treatment duration. 
A)  The sample population is divided into subsets that are homogeneous for a particular trait or feature. 
B)  The sample population is divided into subsets for random assignment into an intervention or a usual-care group. 
C)  The sample population is randomly assigned to a specific subgroup that will vary from the others on the basis of type of treatment. 
D)  The sample population is randomly assigned to a specific subgroup that will vary from the others on the basis of treatment duration.

Question 7

Why should a nurse researcher attempt to clearly specify exclusion criteria for a study sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  To limit the time needed to complete the study 
B)  To reduce the effect of extraneous variables on the accurate evaluation of the outcome variable 
C)  To eliminate the outside influences and inferences regarding the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention 
D)  To ensure that an adequate sample size is accrued to meet assumptions for accurate statistical analysis 
A)  To limit the time needed to complete the study 
B)  To reduce the effect of extraneous variables on the accurate evaluation of the outcome variable 
C)  To eliminate the outside influences and inferences regarding the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention 
D)  To ensure that an adequate sample size is accrued to meet assumptions for accurate statistical analysis

Question 8

Why should a nurse researcher be particularly concerned about having a small sample size?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is increased risk of obtaining a nonrepresentative sample. 
B)  There is increased risk of a study subject interacting with another study subject. 
C)  There is increased potential for loss of confidentiality. 
D)  There is increased regression toward the mean. 
A)  There is increased risk of obtaining a nonrepresentative sample. 
B)  There is increased risk of a study subject interacting with another study subject. 
C)  There is increased potential for loss of confidentiality. 
D)  There is increased regression toward the mean.

Question 9

The researcher used word of mouth to accrue a sample of participants.What is the most accurate description of this technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  Referral 
B)  Networking 
C)  Recruitment 
D)  Quasi-probability 
A)  Referral 
B)  Networking 
C)  Recruitment 
D)  Quasi-probability

Question 10

How can a nurse researcher most accurately use the technique of power analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  To estimate sample size 
B)  To establish sampling strata 
C)  To assign subjects randomly 
D)  To analyze sample representativeness 
A)  To estimate sample size 
B)  To establish sampling strata 
C)  To assign subjects randomly 
D)  To analyze sample representativeness

Question 11

Why should a nurse researcher be concerned about establishing clear eligibility criteria for inclusion in a study sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  To increase the homogeneity of the sample 
B)  To decrease the homogeneity of the sample 
C)  To increase the size of the sample 
D)  To decrease the size of the sample 
A)  To increase the homogeneity of the sample 
B)  To decrease the homogeneity of the sample 
C)  To increase the size of the sample 
D)  To decrease the size of the sample

Question 12

The nurse researcher selects matching as a technique in a research study.What does the technique of matching in a sampling strategy contribute to the research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Improved study design 
B)  Elimination of the need for a control group 
C)  Increased equivalency of the comparison group 
D)  Reduced sample size by allowing subjects to serve as their own controls 
A)  Improved study design 
B)  Elimination of the need for a control group 
C)  Increased equivalency of the comparison group 
D)  Reduced sample size by allowing subjects to serve as their own controls

Question 13

The nurse researcher is attempting to determine whether a study is replicable.What factors should be considered when determining this? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  Sampling strategy used 
B)  Cost of sampling approach selected 
C)  Demographic characteristics of the sample 
D)  Inclusion criteria 
E)  Ethical consequences of recruiting subjects for the study
F) Exclusion criteria
G) Screening and enrollment protocol 
A)  Sampling strategy used 
B)  Cost of sampling approach selected 
C)  Demographic characteristics of the sample 
D)  Inclusion criteria 
E)  Ethical consequences of recruiting subjects for the study
F) Exclusion criteria
G) Screening and enrollment protocol

Question 14

Which type of sampling is most at risk for sample bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  Quota 
B)  Random 
C)  Purposive 
D)  Convenience 
A)  Quota 
B)  Random 
C)  Purposive 
D)  Convenience

Question 15

How should a research consumer evaluate sample size in a research report?

Accepted Answer

A)  By asking how many assistants were involved in data collection 
B)  By asking how representative the sample is relative to the target population 
C)  By asking how great the outcome difference is between or among study groups 
D)  By asking how many previous studies the researcher has conducted before on similar topics 
A)  By asking how many assistants were involved in data collection 
B)  By asking how representative the sample is relative to the target population 
C)  By asking how great the outcome difference is between or among study groups 
D)  By asking how many previous studies the researcher has conducted before on similar topics

Question 16

A nurse researcher is critiquing a research study on hospital safety.The researcher notes a sample description that states,"From a list of 5,000 randomly selected acute care hospitals,the population was stratified by number of beds and academic affiliation … ." Which terms most accurately describe this approach? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Probability sampling 
B)  Purposive sampling 
C)  Multistage sampling 
D)  Stratified random sampling 
E)  Quota sampling 
A)  Probability sampling 
B)  Purposive sampling 
C)  Multistage sampling 
D)  Stratified random sampling 
E)  Quota sampling

Question 17

How can the nurse researcher most accurately determine sample size?

Accepted Answer

A)  Consider the stamina of the researcher in data collection 
B)  Consider the importance of the independent variable 
C)  Consider the age of the potential subjects 
D)  Consider the design of the study 
A)  Consider the stamina of the researcher in data collection 
B)  Consider the importance of the independent variable 
C)  Consider the age of the potential subjects 
D)  Consider the design of the study

Question 18

What would be an appropriate rationale for a nurse researcher to exclude subjects who have diabetes mellitus,are older than age 60 years,or who are HIV positive from a descriptive study examining the characteristics of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mortality as a threat to validity is increased when including subjects with multiple health problems. 
B)  The exclusion conditions are also associated with the development of peripheral neuropathy. 
C)  The researcher has limited resources to conduct the study. 
D)  The researcher has all of the exclusion characteristics. 
A)  Mortality as a threat to validity is increased when including subjects with multiple health problems. 
B)  The exclusion conditions are also associated with the development of peripheral neuropathy. 
C)  The researcher has limited resources to conduct the study. 
D)  The researcher has all of the exclusion characteristics.

Question 19

The nurse researcher is designing a research study.What is considered the process of selecting representative units of a population for study in a research investigation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sampling 
B)  Snowballing 
C)  Delimination 
D)  Random assignment 
A)  Sampling 
B)  Snowballing 
C)  Delimination 
D)  Random assignment

Question 20

The nurse researcher is attempting to develop a purposive sampling strategy as part of a research study.What criteria will be used to determine whether the strategy is purposive? (Select all that apply).

Accepted Answer

A)  Validation of scale with a known-group technique 
B)  Focus of study population relates to specific diagnosis. 
C)  Focus of study population relates to broad, general topic. 
D)  Effective posttesting of instruments 
E)  Collection of exploratory data
F) Collection of descriptive data 
A)  Validation of scale with a known-group technique 
B)  Focus of study population relates to specific diagnosis. 
C)  Focus of study population relates to broad, general topic. 
D)  Effective posttesting of instruments 
E)  Collection of exploratory data
F) Collection of descriptive data

How can a nurse researcher tell the difference in an accessible population and a target population?

The nurse researcher is developing inclusion and exclusion criteria.Which statement is most accurate?

The nurse researcher is attempting to formulate the basis for eligibility criteria in sample selection.Which statement will be most accurate?

How can the nurse researcher know that a sample is representative of a population?

Why would a nurse researcher opt to use a stratified sample in a research study?

Why should a nurse researcher attempt to clearly specify exclusion criteria for a study sample?

Why should a nurse researcher be particularly concerned about having a small sample size?

The researcher used word of mouth to accrue a sample of participants.What is the most accurate description of this technique?

How can a nurse researcher most accurately use the technique of power analysis?

Why should a nurse researcher be concerned about establishing clear eligibility criteria for inclusion in a study sample?

The nurse researcher selects matching as a technique in a research study.What does the technique of matching in a sampling strategy contribute to the research?

The nurse researcher is attempting to determine whether a study is replicable.What factors should be considered when determining this? (Select all that apply)

Which type of sampling is most at risk for sample bias?

How should a research consumer evaluate sample size in a research report?

How can the nurse researcher most accurately determine sample size?

What would be an appropriate rationale for a nurse researcher to exclude subjects who have diabetes mellitus,are older than age 60 years,or who are HIV positive from a descriptive study examining the characteristics of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy?

The nurse researcher is designing a research study.What is considered the process of selecting representative units of a population for study in a research investigation?

The nurse researcher is attempting to develop a purposive sampling strategy as part of a research study.What criteria will be used to determine whether the strategy is purposive? (Select all that apply).

Integrating the Processes of Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Gathering and Appraising the Literature

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Appraising Qualitative Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Nonexperimental Designs

Legal and Ethical Issues

Data-Collection Methods

Reliability and Validity

Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Understanding Research Findings

Appraising Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Tools for Applying Evidence to Practice

Filters

Exam 10: Sampling

How can a nurse researcher tell the difference in an accessible population and a target population?

The nurse researcher is developing inclusion and exclusion criteria.Which statement is most accurate?

The nurse researcher is attempting to formulate the basis for eligibility criteria in sample selection.Which statement will be most accurate?

How can the nurse researcher know that a sample is representative of a population?

Why would a nurse researcher opt to use a stratified sample in a research study?

Why should a nurse researcher attempt to clearly specify exclusion criteria for a study sample?

Why should a nurse researcher be particularly concerned about having a small sample size?

The researcher used word of mouth to accrue a sample of participants.What is the most accurate description of this technique?

How can a nurse researcher most accurately use the technique of power analysis?

Why should a nurse researcher be concerned about establishing clear eligibility criteria for inclusion in a study sample?

The nurse researcher selects matching as a technique in a research study.What does the technique of matching in a sampling strategy contribute to the research?

The nurse researcher is attempting to determine whether a study is replicable.What factors should be considered when determining this? (Select all that apply)

Which type of sampling is most at risk for sample bias?

How should a research consumer evaluate sample size in a research report?

How can the nurse researcher most accurately determine sample size?

What would be an appropriate rationale for a nurse researcher to exclude subjects who have diabetes mellitus,are older than age 60 years,or who are HIV positive from a descriptive study examining the characteristics of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy?

The nurse researcher is designing a research study.What is considered the process of selecting representative units of a population for study in a research investigation?

The nurse researcher is attempting to develop a purposive sampling strategy as part of a research study.What criteria will be used to determine whether the strategy is purposive? (Select all that apply).

Integrating the Processes of Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Gathering and Appraising the Literature

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Appraising Qualitative Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Nonexperimental Designs

Legal and Ethical Issues

Data-Collection Methods

Reliability and Validity

Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Understanding Research Findings

Appraising Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Tools for Applying Evidence to Practice

Filters