Question 1

Why is control important in a study with an experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the care taken to ensure maintenance of participant confidentiality 
B)  It is the introduction of one or more constants into the experimental situation 
C)  It is the ability of the researcher to prevent data collection from extending beyond the original time specified for the study 
D)  It is the faithfulness of the researcher in the application of all the assumptions of the experimental process to the study 
A)  It is the care taken to ensure maintenance of participant confidentiality 
B)  It is the introduction of one or more constants into the experimental situation 
C)  It is the ability of the researcher to prevent data collection from extending beyond the original time specified for the study 
D)  It is the faithfulness of the researcher in the application of all the assumptions of the experimental process to the study

Question 2

When would a quasi-experimental research design be preferable to an experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  When a smaller sample size is sufficient to obtain significant results 
B)  When it is needed to establish cause-and-effect relationships 
C)  When descriptive statistics are adequate to analyze the data 
D)  When there is a need to adapt to real-world settings 
A)  When a smaller sample size is sufficient to obtain significant results 
B)  When it is needed to establish cause-and-effect relationships 
C)  When descriptive statistics are adequate to analyze the data 
D)  When there is a need to adapt to real-world settings

Question 3

How are laboratory experiments subject to threats to validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Threats to internal validity are increased; threats to external validity are increased. 
B)  Threats to internal validity are increased; threats to external validity are decreased. 
C)  Threats to internal validity are decreased; threats to external validity are increased. 
D)  Threats to internal validity are decreased; threats to external validity are decreased. 
A)  Threats to internal validity are increased; threats to external validity are increased. 
B)  Threats to internal validity are increased; threats to external validity are decreased. 
C)  Threats to internal validity are decreased; threats to external validity are increased. 
D)  Threats to internal validity are decreased; threats to external validity are decreased.

Question 4

Why would a nurse researcher prefer quasi-experimental studies over experimental studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  A smaller sample size is sufficient to obtain significant results. 
B)  They are stronger in establishing cause-and-effect relationships. 
C)  Descriptive statistics can be used to analyze the data. 
D)  They are more adaptable to real-world settings. 
A)  A smaller sample size is sufficient to obtain significant results. 
B)  They are stronger in establishing cause-and-effect relationships. 
C)  Descriptive statistics can be used to analyze the data. 
D)  They are more adaptable to real-world settings.

Question 5

How are field experiments subject to threats to validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Threats to internal validity are increased; threats to external validity are increased. 
B)  Threats to internal validity are increased; threats to external validity are decreased. 
C)  Threats to internal validity are decreased; threats to external validity are increased. 
D)  Threats to internal validity are decreased; threats to external validity are decreased. 
A)  Threats to internal validity are increased; threats to external validity are increased. 
B)  Threats to internal validity are increased; threats to external validity are decreased. 
C)  Threats to internal validity are decreased; threats to external validity are increased. 
D)  Threats to internal validity are decreased; threats to external validity are decreased.

Question 6

A nurse researcher is planning a quantitative study to test the effect of a new wound product on wound healing.What factors are necessary to implement an experimental pretest-posttest design? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Inclusion of a second control group 
B)  Pretest data can be collected 
C)  Use of two posttreatment data collection times 
D)  Subjects randomized to only the control group 
E)  Random assignment of subjects to treatment and control groups 
A)  Inclusion of a second control group 
B)  Pretest data can be collected 
C)  Use of two posttreatment data collection times 
D)  Subjects randomized to only the control group 
E)  Random assignment of subjects to treatment and control groups

Question 7

In a study to help people quit smoking cigarettes,a group of participants received one supportive phone call 10 days after attending a program on strategies to resist smoking.A second group received a supportive phone call every week for 6 weeks after attending the program,and a third group received no supportive phone calls after attending the program.What property of experimental research did the researcher employ in this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Quasi-experimental research, no control group 
B)  Random assignment to research groups 
C)  Manipulation of the intervention dose 
D)  Controlling for extraneous variables 
A)  Quasi-experimental research, no control group 
B)  Random assignment to research groups 
C)  Manipulation of the intervention dose 
D)  Controlling for extraneous variables

Question 8

How should the nurse researcher expect the independent variable to be handled differently in a study with an experimental design compared with a study with a quasi-experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  An independent variable is neither identified nor needed in a quasi-experimental design. 
B)  Although both designs identify an independent variable, the nature of the groups (randomization versus no randomization) means manipulation may result in different results. 
C)  Experimental designs demonstrate that the independent variable is related to the outcome, and quasi-experimental studies allow for independent variables that stand alone. 
D)  Although both designs identify an independent variable, experimental designs identify it before the research is initiated and quasi-experimental designs identify the independent variable after the data are analyzed. 
A)  An independent variable is neither identified nor needed in a quasi-experimental design. 
B)  Although both designs identify an independent variable, the nature of the groups (randomization versus no randomization) means manipulation may result in different results. 
C)  Experimental designs demonstrate that the independent variable is related to the outcome, and quasi-experimental studies allow for independent variables that stand alone. 
D)  Although both designs identify an independent variable, experimental designs identify it before the research is initiated and quasi-experimental designs identify the independent variable after the data are analyzed.

Question 9

Which designs would be considered quasi-experimental? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonequivalent control group design 
B)  After-only design 
C)  True experiment (pretest-posttest control group) design 
D)  After-only nonequivalent control group design 
E)  Solomon four-group design
F) One group (pretest-posttest) design
G) Time-series design 
A)  Nonequivalent control group design 
B)  After-only design 
C)  True experiment (pretest-posttest control group) design 
D)  After-only nonequivalent control group design 
E)  Solomon four-group design
F) One group (pretest-posttest) design
G) Time-series design

Question 10

What technique could best control for antecedent variables in a study using true or classic experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Manipulation of the independent variable 
B)  Manipulation of the dependent variable 
C)  After-only data collection 
D)  Random assignment 
A)  Manipulation of the independent variable 
B)  Manipulation of the dependent variable 
C)  After-only data collection 
D)  Random assignment

Question 11

A nurse researcher is conducting an experimental study on self-care behaviors of subjects related to hygienic practices when dining in restaurants.Which of the following characteristics or factors could be antecedent or intervening variables? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Subjects' ethnicity 
B)  Location of the restaurants 
C)  A recent change in health status 
D)  Subjects' educational level 
A)  Subjects' ethnicity 
B)  Location of the restaurants 
C)  A recent change in health status 
D)  Subjects' educational level

Question 12

Which factor or characteristic should a nurse researcher expect to see only in an experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Research question or hypothesis 
B)  Experimental treatment 
C)  Informed consent 
D)  Randomization 
A)  Research question or hypothesis 
B)  Experimental treatment 
C)  Informed consent 
D)  Randomization

Question 13

Which research designs could be classified as experimental designs? (Select all that apply).

Accepted Answer

A)  Solomon four-group design 
B)  After-only design 
C)  Nonequivalent control group design 
D)  After-only nonequivalent control group design 
E)  One group (pretest-posttest) design
F) True experiment (pretest-posttest control group) design
G) Time series design 
A)  Solomon four-group design 
B)  After-only design 
C)  Nonequivalent control group design 
D)  After-only nonequivalent control group design 
E)  One group (pretest-posttest) design
F) True experiment (pretest-posttest control group) design
G) Time series design

Question 14

In a study to help people quit smoking cigarettes,a group of participants received one supportive phone call 10 days after attending a program on strategies to resist smoking.A second group received a supportive phone call every week for 6 weeks after attending the program,and a third group received no supportive phone calls after attending the program.What is the dependent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Program on strategies to resist the urge to smoke 
B)  Reduction or elimination of cigarette smoking 
C)  One-time supportive phone call 
D)  Weekly supportive phone call 
A)  Program on strategies to resist the urge to smoke 
B)  Reduction or elimination of cigarette smoking 
C)  One-time supportive phone call 
D)  Weekly supportive phone call

Question 15

The nurse researcher is designing an experimental study.Which group of people would the researcher recognize as the control group in a true experimental study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The group receiving the experimental treatment 
B)  The group receiving the usual treatment 
C)  The group experiencing adverse results 
D)  The group refusing to participate 
A)  The group receiving the experimental treatment 
B)  The group receiving the usual treatment 
C)  The group experiencing adverse results 
D)  The group refusing to participate

Question 16

A researcher collects data on subjects at baseline,1 month,3,6,9,and 12 months following institution of a weight-reduction treatment.Which descriptions are appropriate for this study's design? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Experimental or quasi-experimental design 
B)  Time series design 
C)  A priori design 
D)  Cross-sectional design 
E)  Descriptive design 
A)  Experimental or quasi-experimental design 
B)  Time series design 
C)  A priori design 
D)  Cross-sectional design 
E)  Descriptive design

Question 17

The nurse researcher is concerned about validity in the research study being designed.What type of threat to validity is minimized by the use of a Solomon four-group design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mortality 
B)  Selection bias 
C)  Testing 
D)  Antecedent variable 
A)  Mortality 
B)  Selection bias 
C)  Testing 
D)  Antecedent variable

Why is control important in a study with an experimental design?

When would a quasi-experimental research design be preferable to an experimental design?

How are laboratory experiments subject to threats to validity?

Why would a nurse researcher prefer quasi-experimental studies over experimental studies?

How are field experiments subject to threats to validity?

A nurse researcher is planning a quantitative study to test the effect of a new wound product on wound healing.What factors are necessary to implement an experimental pretest-posttest design? (Select all that apply.)

How should the nurse researcher expect the independent variable to be handled differently in a study with an experimental design compared with a study with a quasi-experimental design?

Which designs would be considered quasi-experimental? (Select all that apply.)

What technique could best control for antecedent variables in a study using true or classic experimental design?

A nurse researcher is conducting an experimental study on self-care behaviors of subjects related to hygienic practices when dining in restaurants.Which of the following characteristics or factors could be antecedent or intervening variables? (Select all that apply.)

Which factor or characteristic should a nurse researcher expect to see only in an experimental design?

Which research designs could be classified as experimental designs? (Select all that apply).

The nurse researcher is designing an experimental study.Which group of people would the researcher recognize as the control group in a true experimental study?

A researcher collects data on subjects at baseline,1 month,3,6,9,and 12 months following institution of a weight-reduction treatment.Which descriptions are appropriate for this study's design? (Select all that apply.)

The nurse researcher is concerned about validity in the research study being designed.What type of threat to validity is minimized by the use of a Solomon four-group design?

Integrating the Processes of Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Gathering and Appraising the Literature

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Appraising Qualitative Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Nonexperimental Designs

Sampling

Legal and Ethical Issues

Data-Collection Methods

Reliability and Validity

Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Understanding Research Findings

Appraising Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Tools for Applying Evidence to Practice

Filters

Exam 8: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Why is control important in a study with an experimental design?

When would a quasi-experimental research design be preferable to an experimental design?

How are laboratory experiments subject to threats to validity?

Why would a nurse researcher prefer quasi-experimental studies over experimental studies?

How are field experiments subject to threats to validity?

A nurse researcher is planning a quantitative study to test the effect of a new wound product on wound healing.What factors are necessary to implement an experimental pretest-posttest design? (Select all that apply.)

How should the nurse researcher expect the independent variable to be handled differently in a study with an experimental design compared with a study with a quasi-experimental design?

Which designs would be considered quasi-experimental? (Select all that apply.)

What technique could best control for antecedent variables in a study using true or classic experimental design?

A nurse researcher is conducting an experimental study on self-care behaviors of subjects related to hygienic practices when dining in restaurants.Which of the following characteristics or factors could be antecedent or intervening variables? (Select all that apply.)

Which factor or characteristic should a nurse researcher expect to see only in an experimental design?

Which research designs could be classified as experimental designs? (Select all that apply).

The nurse researcher is designing an experimental study.Which group of people would the researcher recognize as the control group in a true experimental study?

A researcher collects data on subjects at baseline,1 month,3,6,9,and 12 months following institution of a weight-reduction treatment.Which descriptions are appropriate for this study's design? (Select all that apply.)

The nurse researcher is concerned about validity in the research study being designed.What type of threat to validity is minimized by the use of a Solomon four-group design?

Integrating the Processes of Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Gathering and Appraising the Literature

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Appraising Qualitative Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Nonexperimental Designs

Sampling

Legal and Ethical Issues

Data-Collection Methods

Reliability and Validity

Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Understanding Research Findings

Appraising Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Tools for Applying Evidence to Practice

Filters