Question 1

Which Web site is an important source for clinical evidence but limited as a provider of primary documents for literature reviews?

Accepted Answer

A)  CINAHL 
B)  MEDLINE 
C)  Cochrane Library 
D)  PsycINFO 
A)  CINAHL 
B)  MEDLINE 
C)  Cochrane Library 
D)  PsycINFO

Question 2

A prediction design study by B.Given,C.Given,F.Azzouz,and M.Stommel,entitled "Physical functioning of elderly cancer patients prior to diagnosis and following initial treatment," was published in a 2001 issue of Nursing Research.To which type of reference does this published reference belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tertiary 
B)  Primary 
C)  Historical 
D)  Secondary 
A)  Tertiary 
B)  Primary 
C)  Historical 
D)  Secondary

Question 3

Which of the following sets of terms contains the most closely related concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conceptual literature, empirical literature, data-based literature 
B)  Empirical literature, scientific literature, theoretical literature 
C)  Theoretical literature, conceptual literature, research literature 
D)  Data-based literature, research literature, empirical literature 
A)  Conceptual literature, empirical literature, data-based literature 
B)  Empirical literature, scientific literature, theoretical literature 
C)  Theoretical literature, conceptual literature, research literature 
D)  Data-based literature, research literature, empirical literature

Question 4

What activities are relevant for a critical review of the literature? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Citing literature sources using direct quotations 
B)  Focusing on data-based literature 
C)  Identifying conflicts or gaps in the literature 
D)  Supporting the findings using personal judgment 
A)  Citing literature sources using direct quotations 
B)  Focusing on data-based literature 
C)  Identifying conflicts or gaps in the literature 
D)  Supporting the findings using personal judgment

Question 5

Which statement regarding the literature review for research purposes is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The review of the literature has no relevance in interpreting the findings. 
B)  The researcher needs only to review the literature that supports the findings. 
C)  The researcher should review literature that supports and refutes the findings. 
D)  The review of the literature is of relevance to the conceptualization of the study. 
A)  The review of the literature has no relevance in interpreting the findings. 
B)  The researcher needs only to review the literature that supports the findings. 
C)  The researcher should review literature that supports and refutes the findings. 
D)  The review of the literature is of relevance to the conceptualization of the study.

Question 6

When preparing a literature search for an academic paper or project,what is considered an appropriate timeline to search?

Accepted Answer

A)  The most recent 6 months 
B)  The last year 
C)  The last 3 to 5 years 
D)  There is no need to limit the timeline. 
A)  The most recent 6 months 
B)  The last year 
C)  The last 3 to 5 years 
D)  There is no need to limit the timeline.

Question 7

Why would a nurse researcher decide to use secondary sources in a review of the literature?

Accepted Answer

A)  They provide material written by the person who conducted the study. 
B)  They provide a different way of looking at specific issues or problems. 
C)  They determine the relationship of two or more variables affecting an outcome. 
D)  They supplement the body of nursing knowledge in a specific area of practice. 
A)  They provide material written by the person who conducted the study. 
B)  They provide a different way of looking at specific issues or problems. 
C)  They determine the relationship of two or more variables affecting an outcome. 
D)  They supplement the body of nursing knowledge in a specific area of practice.

Question 8

When critiquing a research article,what is the most important issue the nurse researcher should consider regarding the concepts of the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The theoretical interrelatedness of the concepts 
B)  Whether the study is qualitative or quantitative 
C)  The specific meanings the researcher has ascribed to the study concepts 
D)  An in-depth understanding of the grand theory that underpins the study concepts 
A)  The theoretical interrelatedness of the concepts 
B)  Whether the study is qualitative or quantitative 
C)  The specific meanings the researcher has ascribed to the study concepts 
D)  An in-depth understanding of the grand theory that underpins the study concepts

Question 9

How are theory and practice interrelated for the hospital-based nurse researcher?

Accepted Answer

A)  Practice is the operational definition of theory. 
B)  Practice provides the opportunity to test theory. 
C)  Theory provides the evidence on which practice is based. 
D)  Theory generates questions that are used to refine practice. 
A)  Practice is the operational definition of theory. 
B)  Practice provides the opportunity to test theory. 
C)  Theory provides the evidence on which practice is based. 
D)  Theory generates questions that are used to refine practice.

Question 10

Which statement represents an operational definition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spirituality is a way of being or experiencing that comes about through an awareness of a transcendent dimension and one's identifiable values with regard to self, other, nature, and whatever one considers to be ultimate (Elkins, 1988). 
B)  Death anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling on contemplation of one's own death (Templer, 1986), measured by Templer's Death Anxiety Scale. 
C)  Maternal identity entails maternal cognitions and affect with regard to the maternal-infant relational system (Walker and Montgomery, 1994). 
D)  Pain is a pattern of responses to protect the organism from harm (Sternbach, 1979). 
A)  Spirituality is a way of being or experiencing that comes about through an awareness of a transcendent dimension and one's identifiable values with regard to self, other, nature, and whatever one considers to be ultimate (Elkins, 1988). 
B)  Death anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling on contemplation of one's own death (Templer, 1986), measured by Templer's Death Anxiety Scale. 
C)  Maternal identity entails maternal cognitions and affect with regard to the maternal-infant relational system (Walker and Montgomery, 1994). 
D)  Pain is a pattern of responses to protect the organism from harm (Sternbach, 1979).

Question 11

The nurse researcher is reporting the results of a study and finds that the study failed to obtain significant findings.How should such a study be categorized?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evidence-based literature 
B)  Conceptual literature 
C)  Clinical literature 
D)  Informational literature 
A)  Evidence-based literature 
B)  Conceptual literature 
C)  Clinical literature 
D)  Informational literature

Question 12

How are theoretical and conceptual frameworks different?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conceptual frameworks are more appropriate for qualitative studies, and theoretical frameworks are more appropriate for quantitative studies. 
B)  Theoretical frameworks are individually developed by researchers, and theoretical frameworks already exist. 
C)  Conceptual frameworks are individually developed by researchers, and theoretical frameworks already exist. 
D)  Theoretical frameworks are theory generating, and conceptual frameworks are theory testing. 
A)  Conceptual frameworks are more appropriate for qualitative studies, and theoretical frameworks are more appropriate for quantitative studies. 
B)  Theoretical frameworks are individually developed by researchers, and theoretical frameworks already exist. 
C)  Conceptual frameworks are individually developed by researchers, and theoretical frameworks already exist. 
D)  Theoretical frameworks are theory generating, and conceptual frameworks are theory testing.

Question 13

Why would a nurse researcher decide to include a refereed journal as part of the literature review?

Accepted Answer

A)  The articles are critiqued by a panel of international and external reviewers. 
B)  The articles selected for publication relate to a specific field of knowledge. 
C)  There is competition among authors to have their articles published. 
D)  The journal publishes only articles that are primary sources of research findings. 
A)  The articles are critiqued by a panel of international and external reviewers. 
B)  The articles selected for publication relate to a specific field of knowledge. 
C)  There is competition among authors to have their articles published. 
D)  The journal publishes only articles that are primary sources of research findings.

Question 14

Which statement is accurate regarding the importance of the review of literature to the research process?

Accepted Answer

A)  It guides all steps of the research process. 
B)  It is necessary only in defining the problem statement. 
C)  It provides a vehicle to disseminate the findings of the study. 
D)  Its value is limited to finding gaps or inconsistencies in the knowledge base. 
A)  It guides all steps of the research process. 
B)  It is necessary only in defining the problem statement. 
C)  It provides a vehicle to disseminate the findings of the study. 
D)  Its value is limited to finding gaps or inconsistencies in the knowledge base.

Question 15

Which strategy or action is most important to the nurse researcher who is writing a relevant review of the literature?

Accepted Answer

A)  Including as many secondary sources as possible 
B)  Analyzing an article for its strengths and weaknesses 
C)  Using direct quotations to present the majority of the information 
D)  Allowing the research consumer to come to his or her own synthesis of the literature 
A)  Including as many secondary sources as possible 
B)  Analyzing an article for its strengths and weaknesses 
C)  Using direct quotations to present the majority of the information 
D)  Allowing the research consumer to come to his or her own synthesis of the literature

Question 16

Which of the following statements can be effective in critiquing theoretical frameworks in nursing research? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Theoretical frameworks guide hypothesis formulation in qualitative and quantitative research studies. 
B)  Theoretical frameworks can be implicitly or explicitly stated in a research report. 
C)  Nursing theories must be used for theoretical frameworks in nursing research. 
D)  A theoretical framework might not be identified in all types of nursing research. 
E)  Theoretical concepts should clearly reflect the area of study. 
A)  Theoretical frameworks guide hypothesis formulation in qualitative and quantitative research studies. 
B)  Theoretical frameworks can be implicitly or explicitly stated in a research report. 
C)  Nursing theories must be used for theoretical frameworks in nursing research. 
D)  A theoretical framework might not be identified in all types of nursing research. 
E)  Theoretical concepts should clearly reflect the area of study.

Question 17

When reading an article reporting the results of nursing research,you find the framework is drawn from a discipline other than nursing.What should you consider when critiquing this aspect of an article?

Accepted Answer

A)  Has the author clearly indicated the meaning of the framework to the study and linked the framework to nursing? 
B)  Does the author have special expertise or education in the discipline from which the framework is derived? 
C)  Does the research have implications across disciplines? 
D)  Is the author a recognized leader in nursing? 
A)  Has the author clearly indicated the meaning of the framework to the study and linked the framework to nursing? 
B)  Does the author have special expertise or education in the discipline from which the framework is derived? 
C)  Does the research have implications across disciplines? 
D)  Is the author a recognized leader in nursing?

Question 18

What is the most important question a nurse researcher should ask when evaluating a journal article's review of the literature?

Accepted Answer

A)  How was the review conducted? 
B)  Was every relevant article critiqued? 
C)  Does the review of the literature uncover knowledge? 
D)  Was there an appropriate number of secondary sources? 
A)  How was the review conducted? 
B)  Was every relevant article critiqued? 
C)  Does the review of the literature uncover knowledge? 
D)  Was there an appropriate number of secondary sources?

Question 19

Which statement is a correct definition of theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  The assumptions and beliefs of the worldview of the researcher 
B)  A set of interrelated concepts that provides a systematic view of a phenomenon 
C)  The specific and measurable premise or assumption on which rational decisions for research direction are made 
D)  A researcher's best guess of the expected direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables 
A)  The assumptions and beliefs of the worldview of the researcher 
B)  A set of interrelated concepts that provides a systematic view of a phenomenon 
C)  The specific and measurable premise or assumption on which rational decisions for research direction are made 
D)  A researcher's best guess of the expected direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables

Question 20

The nurse researcher is conducting a review of the literature for a qualitative study.How should a review of the literature differ for reports of qualitative studies when compared with reports of quantitative studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reviews of the literature have no role in qualitative research. 
B)  Articles for literature reviews in qualitative studies are largely drawn from secondary sources. 
C)  Often, the literature review for a qualitative study is not conducted until after the study is completed. 
D)  The processes involved in literature review are the same for both qualitative and quantitative studies. 
A)  Reviews of the literature have no role in qualitative research. 
B)  Articles for literature reviews in qualitative studies are largely drawn from secondary sources. 
C)  Often, the literature review for a qualitative study is not conducted until after the study is completed. 
D)  The processes involved in literature review are the same for both qualitative and quantitative studies.

Which Web site is an important source for clinical evidence but limited as a provider of primary documents for literature reviews?

A prediction design study by B.Given,C.Given,F.Azzouz,and M.Stommel,entitled "Physical functioning of elderly cancer patients prior to diagnosis and following initial treatment," was published in a 2001 issue of Nursing Research.To which type of reference does this published reference belong?

Which of the following sets of terms contains the most closely related concepts?

What activities are relevant for a critical review of the literature? (Select all that apply.)

Which statement regarding the literature review for research purposes is most accurate?

When preparing a literature search for an academic paper or project,what is considered an appropriate timeline to search?

Why would a nurse researcher decide to use secondary sources in a review of the literature?

When critiquing a research article,what is the most important issue the nurse researcher should consider regarding the concepts of the study?

How are theory and practice interrelated for the hospital-based nurse researcher?

Which statement represents an operational definition?

The nurse researcher is reporting the results of a study and finds that the study failed to obtain significant findings.How should such a study be categorized?

How are theoretical and conceptual frameworks different?

Why would a nurse researcher decide to include a refereed journal as part of the literature review?

Which statement is accurate regarding the importance of the review of literature to the research process?

Which strategy or action is most important to the nurse researcher who is writing a relevant review of the literature?

Which of the following statements can be effective in critiquing theoretical frameworks in nursing research? (Select all that apply.)

When reading an article reporting the results of nursing research,you find the framework is drawn from a discipline other than nursing.What should you consider when critiquing this aspect of an article?

What is the most important question a nurse researcher should ask when evaluating a journal article's review of the literature?

Which statement is a correct definition of theory?

The nurse researcher is conducting a review of the literature for a qualitative study.How should a review of the literature differ for reports of qualitative studies when compared with reports of quantitative studies?

Integrating the Processes of Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Appraising Qualitative Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Nonexperimental Designs

Sampling

Legal and Ethical Issues

Data-Collection Methods

Reliability and Validity

Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Understanding Research Findings

Appraising Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Tools for Applying Evidence to Practice

Filters

Exam 3: Gathering and Appraising the Literature

Which Web site is an important source for clinical evidence but limited as a provider of primary documents for literature reviews?

A prediction design study by B.Given,C.Given,F.Azzouz,and M.Stommel,entitled "Physical functioning of elderly cancer patients prior to diagnosis and following initial treatment," was published in a 2001 issue of Nursing Research.To which type of reference does this published reference belong?

Which of the following sets of terms contains the most closely related concepts?

What activities are relevant for a critical review of the literature? (Select all that apply.)

Which statement regarding the literature review for research purposes is most accurate?

When preparing a literature search for an academic paper or project,what is considered an appropriate timeline to search?

Why would a nurse researcher decide to use secondary sources in a review of the literature?

When critiquing a research article,what is the most important issue the nurse researcher should consider regarding the concepts of the study?

How are theory and practice interrelated for the hospital-based nurse researcher?

Which statement represents an operational definition?

The nurse researcher is reporting the results of a study and finds that the study failed to obtain significant findings.How should such a study be categorized?

How are theoretical and conceptual frameworks different?

Why would a nurse researcher decide to include a refereed journal as part of the literature review?

Which statement is accurate regarding the importance of the review of literature to the research process?

Which strategy or action is most important to the nurse researcher who is writing a relevant review of the literature?

Which of the following statements can be effective in critiquing theoretical frameworks in nursing research? (Select all that apply.)

When reading an article reporting the results of nursing research,you find the framework is drawn from a discipline other than nursing.What should you consider when critiquing this aspect of an article?

What is the most important question a nurse researcher should ask when evaluating a journal article's review of the literature?

Which statement is a correct definition of theory?

The nurse researcher is conducting a review of the literature for a qualitative study.How should a review of the literature differ for reports of qualitative studies when compared with reports of quantitative studies?

Integrating the Processes of Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Appraising Qualitative Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Nonexperimental Designs

Sampling

Legal and Ethical Issues

Data-Collection Methods

Reliability and Validity

Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Understanding Research Findings

Appraising Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Tools for Applying Evidence to Practice

Filters