Question 1

Which of the following is higher in thioesters than in oxygen esters?

Accepted Answer

A) electronegativity 
B) resonance 
C) group transfer potential 
D) positive ΔG 
A) electronegativity 
B) resonance 
C) group transfer potential 
D) positive ΔG

Question 2

Solar energy is converted to the chemical energy of organic molecules by photoautotrophs.Which of the following species recovers this energy by metabolizing the organic substrates?

Accepted Answer

A) heterotrophs 
B) chemoautotrophs 
C) homotrophs 
D) aerobes 
A) heterotrophs 
B) chemoautotrophs 
C) homotrophs 
D) aerobes

Question 3

Which of the following components is excess carbohydrate converted to when dietary carbohydrate consumption exceeds the energy needs of the individual?

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids and glucose 
B) fructose and triacylglycerols 
C) triacylglycerols and glycogen 
D) glycogen and protein 
A) amino acids and glucose 
B) fructose and triacylglycerols 
C) triacylglycerols and glycogen 
D) glycogen and protein

Question 4

Unsaturated fatty acids in membranes are particularly susceptible to oxidation.Which of the following vitamins may provide protection against this because it is a potent antioxidant?

Accepted Answer

A) E 
B) D₂ 
C) C 
D) B₁₂ 
A) E 
B) D₂ 
C) C 
D) B₁₂

Question 5

Which of the following is a result of a high-fat,high-protein,low-carbohydrate diet?

Accepted Answer

A) The bloodstream has a healthy level of ketone bodies. 
B) Glycogen stores are close to maximum capacity. 
C) The brain operates most efficiently on this type of diet. 
D) Ketone body production generally exceeds rate of elimination. 
A) The bloodstream has a healthy level of ketone bodies. 
B) Glycogen stores are close to maximum capacity. 
C) The brain operates most efficiently on this type of diet. 
D) Ketone body production generally exceeds rate of elimination.

Question 6

Which of the following compounds functions to couple acyl-group transfer and electron transfer during oxidation and decarboxylations of α-keto acids?

Accepted Answer

A) biotin 
B) propionate 
C) lipoate 
D) TPP 
A) biotin 
B) propionate 
C) lipoate 
D) TPP

Question 7

Pantothenic acid is the vitamin portion of coenzyme A.Which of the following types of linkages does it form with acyl groups?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphoanhydride 
B) thiosulfur 
C) phosphoester 
D) thioester 
A) phosphoanhydride 
B) thiosulfur 
C) phosphoester 
D) thioester

Question 8

Which of the following do chemoheterotrophs require?

Accepted Answer

A) organic carbon sources and light 
B) carbon dioxide and light 
C) organic carbon sources and oxidation-reduction reactions 
D) carbon dioxide and oxidation-reduction reactions 
A) organic carbon sources and light 
B) carbon dioxide and light 
C) organic carbon sources and oxidation-reduction reactions 
D) carbon dioxide and oxidation-reduction reactions

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the diseases caused by vitamin deficiencies?

Accepted Answer

A) Niacin deficiency leads to gout. 
B) Vitamin A deficiency leads to night blindness,which can be reversed by adding ?-carotene to the diet. 
C) Vitamin B?? prevents pernicious anemia. 
D) Vitamin D deficiency leads to demineralization of bones and rickets. 
A) Niacin deficiency leads to gout. 
B) Vitamin A deficiency leads to night blindness,which can be reversed by adding ?-carotene to the diet. 
C) Vitamin B?? prevents pernicious anemia. 
D) Vitamin D deficiency leads to demineralization of bones and rickets.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding nutrition?

Accepted Answer

A) Dietary protein is a source of essential amino acids. 
B) Organisms can produce all of the essential energy-yielding nutrients and micronutrients needed. 
C) Complex carbohydrates can provide simple sugars for the glycolytic pathway. 
D) Essential fatty acids are components of biological membranes. 
A) Dietary protein is a source of essential amino acids. 
B) Organisms can produce all of the essential energy-yielding nutrients and micronutrients needed. 
C) Complex carbohydrates can provide simple sugars for the glycolytic pathway. 
D) Essential fatty acids are components of biological membranes.

Question 11

Which of the following concerning obligate anaerobes is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) These organisms can use oxygen if it is present in their environment. 
B) These organisms cannot use oxygen as their final electron acceptor. 
C) These organisms carry out fermentation for at least 50% of their ATP production. 
D) Most of these organisms are vegetative fungi. 
A) These organisms can use oxygen if it is present in their environment. 
B) These organisms cannot use oxygen as their final electron acceptor. 
C) These organisms carry out fermentation for at least 50% of their ATP production. 
D) Most of these organisms are vegetative fungi.

Question 12

Which of the following organic molecules is the most oxidized?

Accepted Answer

A) aldehyde 
B) hydrocarbon 
C) CO₂ 
D) alcohol 
A) aldehyde 
B) hydrocarbon 
C) CO₂ 
D) alcohol

Question 13

Which of the following statements defines an amphibolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) a pathway found in animals living in both land and water 
B) a pathway that is carried out in both water and organic solvents 
C) a pathway found on both sides of the mitochondrial membrane 
D) a pathway that is both anabolic and catabolic in nature 
A) a pathway found in animals living in both land and water 
B) a pathway that is carried out in both water and organic solvents 
C) a pathway found on both sides of the mitochondrial membrane 
D) a pathway that is both anabolic and catabolic in nature

Question 14

Which of the following components is the mobile carboxyl-group carrier that binds to the enzyme at an ε-amino group of lysine in a variety of enzymatic carboxylations?

Accepted Answer

A) TPP 
B) lipoate 
C) propionate 
D) biotin 
A) TPP 
B) lipoate 
C) propionate 
D) biotin

Question 15

Which of the following conditions does NOT have an increased risk associated with it when correlated with excess dietary fat levels?

Accepted Answer

A) sickle cell anemia 
B) heart disease 
C) colon cancer 
D) breast cancer 
A) sickle cell anemia 
B) heart disease 
C) colon cancer 
D) breast cancer

Question 16

Which of the following reactions is NOT involved with pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP)?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphorylations 
B) racemizations 
C) ?- and ?-decarboxylations 
D) ?- and ?-eliminations 
A) phosphorylations 
B) racemizations 
C) ?- and ?-decarboxylations 
D) ?- and ?-eliminations

Question 17

What of the following arenutritional benefit(s)provided by foods high in fibre?

Accepted Answer

A) increased speed of digestion 
B) stimulation of regular functions of the colon and slowing the rate of absorption of certain foods 
C) growth of microorganisms that utilize fibre 
D) increased vitamin release from complexes with fibre 
A) increased speed of digestion 
B) stimulation of regular functions of the colon and slowing the rate of absorption of certain foods 
C) growth of microorganisms that utilize fibre 
D) increased vitamin release from complexes with fibre

Question 18

Which of the following products are generated when pyruvate,CoA,and NAD⁺ react?

Accepted Answer

A) succinyl-CoA;CO₂;NAD⁺ 
B) malonyl-CoA;CO₂;NADH + H⁺ 
C) methylmalonyl-CoA;CO₂;biotin 
D) acetyl-CoA;CO₂;NADH + H⁺ 
A) succinyl-CoA;CO₂;NAD⁺ 
B) malonyl-CoA;CO₂;NADH + H⁺ 
C) methylmalonyl-CoA;CO₂;biotin 
D) acetyl-CoA;CO₂;NADH + H⁺

Question 19

Which of the following properties causes pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP)to be so versatile?

Accepted Answer

A) its very quick reaction with simple sugars 
B) its ability to be a 1- or 2-electron carrier 
C) its ability to form a Schiff base and act as an electron sink 
D) its ability to transfer methyl groups 
A) its very quick reaction with simple sugars 
B) its ability to be a 1- or 2-electron carrier 
C) its ability to form a Schiff base and act as an electron sink 
D) its ability to transfer methyl groups

Exam 16: Nutrition and the Organization of Metabolism

Which of the following is higher in thioesters than in oxygen esters?

Solar energy is converted to the chemical energy of organic molecules by photoautotrophs.Which of the following species recovers this energy by metabolizing the organic substrates?

Which of the following components is excess carbohydrate converted to when dietary carbohydrate consumption exceeds the energy needs of the individual?

Unsaturated fatty acids in membranes are particularly susceptible to oxidation.Which of the following vitamins may provide protection against this because it is a potent antioxidant?

Which of the following is a result of a high-fat,high-protein,low-carbohydrate diet?

Which of the following compounds functions to couple acyl-group transfer and electron transfer during oxidation and decarboxylations of α-keto acids?

Pantothenic acid is the vitamin portion of coenzyme A.Which of the following types of linkages does it form with acyl groups?

Which of the following do chemoheterotrophs require?

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the diseases caused by vitamin deficiencies?

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding nutrition?

Which of the following concerning obligate anaerobes is correct?

Which of the following organic molecules is the most oxidized?

Which of the following statements defines an amphibolic pathway?

Which of the following components is the mobile carboxyl-group carrier that binds to the enzyme at an ε-amino group of lysine in a variety of enzymatic carboxylations?

Which of the following conditions does NOT have an increased risk associated with it when correlated with excess dietary fat levels?

Which of the following reactions is NOT involved with pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP)?

What of the following arenutritional benefit(s)provided by foods high in fibre?

Which of the following products are generated when pyruvate,CoA,and NAD⁺ react?

Which of the following properties causes pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP)to be so versatile?

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Lipids

Lipid Biosynthesis

Membranes and Membrane Transport

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Enzymes Kinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Recombinant Dna: Cloning and Creation of Chimeric Genes

DNA Metabolism: Replication, recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, processing, and Degradation

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

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