Question 1

Which of the following lifeforms is NOT a chemoheterotroph?

Accepted Answer

A) Staphylococci aureus 
B) fungus 
C) alga 
D) animal 
A) Staphylococci aureus 
B) fungus 
C) alga 
D) animal

Question 2

Which of the following are differences between photoautotrophs and heterotrophic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Photoautotrophs use light energy for synthesis of organic molecules,while heterotrophs metabolize organic substances for fuel and building blocks. 
B) Photoautotrophs use organic compounds as a source of carbon,while heterotrophs use CO₂ as a source of carbon. 
C) Photoautotrophs synthesize CO₂,while heterotrophs synthesize O₂. 
D) Heterotrophs convert solar energy into chemical energy,while photoautotrophs break down organic molecules. 
A) Photoautotrophs use light energy for synthesis of organic molecules,while heterotrophs metabolize organic substances for fuel and building blocks. 
B) Photoautotrophs use organic compounds as a source of carbon,while heterotrophs use CO₂ as a source of carbon. 
C) Photoautotrophs synthesize CO₂,while heterotrophs synthesize O₂. 
D) Heterotrophs convert solar energy into chemical energy,while photoautotrophs break down organic molecules.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an example of energy transduction?

Accepted Answer

A) dehydrogenase catalyzed reactions 
B) isomerase reactions 
C) oxidative phosphorylation 
D) NAD⁺-NADH shuttle 
A) dehydrogenase catalyzed reactions 
B) isomerase reactions 
C) oxidative phosphorylation 
D) NAD⁺-NADH shuttle

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic difference between FAD and NAD⁺?

Accepted Answer

A) NAD⁺ is a stronger oxidizing agent than FAD. 
B) NAD⁺ is reoxidized easily by molecular oxygen,while FAD is not. 
C) NAD⁺ binds tightly to its enzyme,while FAD only binds loosely. 
D) NAD⁺ transfers 2 electrons,while FAD can transfer 1 or 2. 
A) NAD⁺ is a stronger oxidizing agent than FAD. 
B) NAD⁺ is reoxidized easily by molecular oxygen,while FAD is not. 
C) NAD⁺ binds tightly to its enzyme,while FAD only binds loosely. 
D) NAD⁺ transfers 2 electrons,while FAD can transfer 1 or 2.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a coenzyme with an adenine nucleotide portion?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) NADH 
C) FMNH₂ 
D) FADH₂ 
A) ATP 
B) NADH 
C) FMNH₂ 
D) FADH₂

Question 6

Which of the following components is excess dietary protein converted into when an individual has a positive nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

A) ribosomes for storage 
B) triacylglycerols for storage 
C) cholesterol for storage 
D) nucleic acids for storage 
A) ribosomes for storage 
B) triacylglycerols for storage 
C) cholesterol for storage 
D) nucleic acids for storage

Question 7

Which of the following cellular components carries out both phospholipid synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) plasma membrane 
B) cytosol 
C) mitochondrion 
D) endoplasmic reticulum 
A) plasma membrane 
B) cytosol 
C) mitochondrion 
D) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

Which of the following are the principal minerals in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A) iron and chloride 
B) sodium and potassium 
C) sulfur and phosphorus 
D) calcium and phosphorus 
A) iron and chloride 
B) sodium and potassium 
C) sulfur and phosphorus 
D) calcium and phosphorus

Question 9

By which of the following mechanisms is energy generally extracted from phototrophs and chemotrophs?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrolysis reactions 
B) condensation-cleavage reactions 
C) oxidative-reduction reactions 
D) acid-base reactions 
A) hydrolysis reactions 
B) condensation-cleavage reactions 
C) oxidative-reduction reactions 
D) acid-base reactions

Question 10

Which of the following common 2-carbon intermediates do many of the catabolic pathways converge to?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose 
B) acetyl group of acetyl-CoA 
C) lactic acid 
D) carbon dioxide 
A) glucose 
B) acetyl group of acetyl-CoA 
C) lactic acid 
D) carbon dioxide

Question 11

The dehydrogenase enzymes facilitate the direct transfer of hydride anion.Which of the following coenzymes is required for this transfer?

Accepted Answer

A) biotin 
B) folic acid 
C) NAD⁺ 
D) lipoic acid 
A) biotin 
B) folic acid 
C) NAD⁺ 
D) lipoic acid

Question 12

Which is of the following is a characteristic of aerobic catabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A) Carbohydrates are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides and then reduced. 
B) ATP is hydrolyzed toADP in such pathways. 
C) Water is oxidized to O₂. 
D) Carbon fuels are oxidized to CO₂. 
A) Carbohydrates are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides and then reduced. 
B) ATP is hydrolyzed toADP in such pathways. 
C) Water is oxidized to O₂. 
D) Carbon fuels are oxidized to CO₂.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) a process that synthesizes either energy or complex cellular substances 
B) a process of intermediates 
C) the conversion of food energy into energy of motion 
D) a free-flow unregulated process 
A) a process that synthesizes either energy or complex cellular substances 
B) a process of intermediates 
C) the conversion of food energy into energy of motion 
D) a free-flow unregulated process

Question 14

In which of the following major pathways do most organisms show marked similarity?

Accepted Answer

A) metabolism 
B) sleep patterns 
C) gene expression 
D) cell division 
A) metabolism 
B) sleep patterns 
C) gene expression 
D) cell division

Question 15

Which of the following pathways synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors,uses 7 of the same enzymes as glycolysis,but must replace 3 enzymes of glycolysis because they are irreversible?

Accepted Answer

A) Glycogenolysis 
B) gluconeogenesis 
C) oxidative phosphorylation 
D) fatty acid synthesis 
A) Glycogenolysis 
B) gluconeogenesis 
C) oxidative phosphorylation 
D) fatty acid synthesis

Question 16

Most biotin-dependent carboxylations use a bicarbonate as the carboxylating agent.To which of the following substrates do they transfer the carboxyl group?

Accepted Answer

A) hydroxyl 
B) carboxyl 
C) carbonium ion 
D) carbanion 
A) hydroxyl 
B) carboxyl 
C) carbonium ion 
D) carbanion

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of metabolon?

Accepted Answer

A) separate units of enzymes 
B) discrete multi-enzyme complex 
C) soluble enzymes associated into stable multi-enzyme complexes 
D) membrane-bound multi-enzyme systems 
A) separate units of enzymes 
B) discrete multi-enzyme complex 
C) soluble enzymes associated into stable multi-enzyme complexes 
D) membrane-bound multi-enzyme systems

Question 18

Which of the following terms classifies species that can adapt to anaerobic conditions by substituting other electron acceptors for oxygen in their energy-producing pathways?

Accepted Answer

A) aerobes 
B) obligate aerobes 
C) facultative anaerobes 
D) obligate anaerobes 
A) aerobes 
B) obligate aerobes 
C) facultative anaerobes 
D) obligate anaerobes

Question 19

Which of the following regarding metabolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Catabolic pathways are generally reductive,while anabolic pathways are generally oxidative. 
B) Catabolic pathways use a wide variety of substrates to produce a small number of waste products. 
C) An amphibolic pathway is extremely wasteful because it simultaneously operates as both an anabolic pathway and a catabolic pathway. 
D) NAD⁺ is used as a reducing agent in catabolic pathways,while NADPH is used as an oxidizing agent in anabolic pathways. 
A) Catabolic pathways are generally reductive,while anabolic pathways are generally oxidative. 
B) Catabolic pathways use a wide variety of substrates to produce a small number of waste products. 
C) An amphibolic pathway is extremely wasteful because it simultaneously operates as both an anabolic pathway and a catabolic pathway. 
D) NAD⁺ is used as a reducing agent in catabolic pathways,while NADPH is used as an oxidizing agent in anabolic pathways.

Question 20

Which of the following does light oxidize in photosynthesis as NADPH is generated?

Accepted Answer

A) water 
B) CO₂ 
C) NADH 
D) ATP 
A) water 
B) CO₂ 
C) NADH 
D) ATP

Exam 16: Nutrition and the Organization of Metabolism

Which of the following lifeforms is NOT a chemoheterotroph?

Which of the following are differences between photoautotrophs and heterotrophic cells?

Which of the following is NOT an example of energy transduction?

Which of the following is a characteristic difference between FAD and NAD⁺?

Which of the following is NOT a coenzyme with an adenine nucleotide portion?

Which of the following components is excess dietary protein converted into when an individual has a positive nitrogen balance?

Which of the following cellular components carries out both phospholipid synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotic cells?

Which of the following are the principal minerals in the human body?

By which of the following mechanisms is energy generally extracted from phototrophs and chemotrophs?

Which of the following common 2-carbon intermediates do many of the catabolic pathways converge to?

The dehydrogenase enzymes facilitate the direct transfer of hydride anion.Which of the following coenzymes is required for this transfer?

Which is of the following is a characteristic of aerobic catabolic pathways?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of metabolism?

In which of the following major pathways do most organisms show marked similarity?

Which of the following pathways synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors,uses 7 of the same enzymes as glycolysis,but must replace 3 enzymes of glycolysis because they are irreversible?

Most biotin-dependent carboxylations use a bicarbonate as the carboxylating agent.To which of the following substrates do they transfer the carboxyl group?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of metabolon?

Which of the following terms classifies species that can adapt to anaerobic conditions by substituting other electron acceptors for oxygen in their energy-producing pathways?

Which of the following regarding metabolic pathways is correct?

Which of the following does light oxidize in photosynthesis as NADPH is generated?

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Lipids

Lipid Biosynthesis

Membranes and Membrane Transport

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Enzymes Kinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Recombinant Dna: Cloning and Creation of Chimeric Genes

DNA Metabolism: Replication, recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, processing, and Degradation

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

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